/year

April 25 in history

214 sourced entries recorded on April 25, from 68 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 693Sixteenth Council of Toledo: Ergica calls for a council of the church to deal with the security of the kingship. The rebels are anathematised and the Forum ludicum is modified.source
  • 775Battle of Bagrevand: The Abbasids put an end to an Armenian rebellion. Muslim control over Transcaucasia is solidified, while several major Armenian nakharar families, notably the Mamikonian, lose power and flee to the Byzantine Empire.source
  • 799Pope Leo III is physically attacked by a band of aristocratic conspirators, under the leadership of a public official who is a nephew of the late Pope Adrian I. After mistreatment and attempted disfigurement by the citizens of Rome, Leo flees to the court of King Charlemagne at Paderborn (modern Germany) to seek protection. He sends him back with Frankish agents, and restores him to the papal throne.source
  • 1185Battle of Dan-no-Ura: The Japanese fleet (some 300 ships) led by Minamoto no Yoshitsune defeats the fleet of the Taira clan in the Shimonoseki Strait.source
  • 1185John's first expedition to Ireland: King Henry II of England knights his son and heir, the 18-year-old Prince John, newly created Lord of Ireland, and sends him to Ireland, accompanied by 300 knights and a team of administrators to enforce English control. Landing at Waterford, he treats the local Irish rulers with contempt, making fun of their unfashionable long beards. Also failing to make allies amongst the Anglo-Norman settlers, the English army is unable to subdue the Irish fighters in unfamiliar conditions and the expedition soon becomes a complete disaster. In December, John returns to England in defeat. Nonetheless, Henry gets him named 'King of Ireland' by Pope Urban III and procures a golden crown with peacock feathers.source
  • 1185December – John's first expedition to Ireland: King Henry II of England knights his son and heir, the 18-year-old Prince John, newly created Lord of Ireland, and sends him to Ireland, accompanied by 300 knights and a team of administrators to enforce English overlordship. Landing at Waterford, he treats the local Irish rulers with contempt, making fun of their unfashionable long beards. Also failing to make allies amongst the Anglo-Norman settlers, the English army is unable to subdue the Irish fighters in unfamiliar conditions and the expedition soon becomes a complete disaster, returning to England in defeat. Nonetheless, Henry gets John named 'King of Ireland' by Pope Urban III and procures a golden crown with peacock feathers. The expedition is accompanied and chronicled by Gerald of Wales.source
  • 1283The last independent Welsh stronghold, Castell y Bere, is surrendered by Cynfrig ap Madog to the English.source
  • 1323Nicolò Pistorino becomes the new Grand Chancellor of the Republic of Venice, succeeding Jacopo Bertoldi, who held the office for almost nine years.source
  • 1400Jingnan campaign: In the Shandong province of Ming dynasty China, Zhu Di, Prince of Yan, defeats the Imperial forces of General Li Jinglong in the two-day Battle of Baigou River, by taking advantage of the chaos that results when a gust of wind breaks the staff of General Li's flag of battle. The Yan forces capture 100,000 of the Imperial soldiers as prisoners and Li and the others retreat to Jinan.source
  • 1404The War of Padua begins in the Veneto region of northeastern Italy as the army of the Republic of Venice, led by General Malatesta dei Sonetti, leads an attack on Padua, led by the Lord Francesco Novello da Carrara. The city of Vicenza surrenders to the Venetian troops on the same day, while the war against Padua last 19 months.source
  • 1409Hussite Wars: King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia decides to stop fighting the war against the rebel Jan Žižka in Budějovice.source
  • 1419Representatives of the Swiss cantons of Lucerne, Uri and Unterwalden begin negotiations in Zurich with the Canton of Bern in an attempt to prevent the breakup of the Swiss Confederation. The negotiations soon fail.source
  • 1433Yury Dmitrievich of Zvenigorod defeats the Grand Prince of Moscow, Vasily II, at the Battle on the River Klyazma, in a war over the succession to the Muscovite throne.source
  • 1449The Council of Basel dissolves itself.source
  • 1459The Treaty of Eger is signed by representatives of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Electorate of Saxony, setting a border that remains more than 500 years later as the border between the Czech Republic and Germany as running along the main ridge of the Ore Mountains from Eger to the River Elbe.source
  • 1468At Stirling in Scotland, the Lord Boyd, the regent for King James III, enters an agreement for joint rule with the members of his council (the bishops of Glasgow and of Aberdeen, the earls of Argyll and of Arran, the provost of Lincluden, and Archibald Whitelaw) to co-operate in the governing of Scotland.source
  • 1479The ratification of the Treaty of Constantinople in Venice ends the Siege of Shkodra after fifteen months, and brings all of Albania under the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1507Martin Waldseemüller publishes his Cosmographiae Introductio ("Introduction to Universal Cosmography") and accompanying wall map, the first to show the Americas as a separate continent, naming them in honour of Amerigo Vespucci, his friend and idol.source
  • 1517After 13 days of continuous storms and being unable to do more than destroy one Jeddah ship (while losing two of its own), the Portuguese fleet abandon its planned invasion of the Arabian peninsula.source
  • 1557English aristocrat Thomas Stafford attempts a rebellion against Queen Mary I, landing at Scarborough, North Yorkshire with two ships and 32 followers after crossing the English Channel from Dieppe in France. Upon landing, he captures Scarborough Castle and proclaims himself "Protector of the Realm".source
  • 1566Shane O'Neill seeks aid for his cause from Charles IX of France.source
  • 1576Documents for the Union of Delft are signed by Dutch leader Willem van Oranj to create a federation of Holland and Zeeland.source
  • 1583In a clash between a 50,000-man Persian Empire force and the Ottoman Empire for control of the Caucasus region in modern-day Russia, the Ottomans are routed.source
  • 1607Battle of Gibraltar: A Dutch fleet of 26 warships, led by Admiral Jacob van Heemskerck, stages a surprise attack on a Spanish fleet anchored in the Bay of Gibraltar. In the battle that ensues, Spain loses as many as 10 galleons and 12 smaller ships, and at least 300 men are killed. The disaster causes Spain to go into bankruptcy by October.source
  • 1615convocation of the Church of Ireland ends, having adopted 104 Articles of Religion largely drafted by James Ussher.source
  • 1616Sir John Coke, in the Court of King's Bench (England), holds the King's actions in a case of In commendam to be illegal.source
  • 1626Thirty Years' War: Battle of Dessau Bridge – Albrecht von Wallenstein defeats Ernst von Mansfelds army.source
  • 1626The Battle of Dessau Bridge.source
  • 1638Settlement of what will become New Haven, Connecticut begins.source
  • 1639Charles issues a proclamation promising to pardon rebels.source
  • 1641The Battle of Songjin begins in the modern-day North Korean city of Kimch'aek, at the time part of the Chinese Empire controlled by the Ming dynasty. The Ming, led by General Wu Sangui, defeat the Qing rebels.source
  • 1651Thomas Hobbes publishes his magnum opus, the political tract Leviathan, in England.source
  • 1659great fire in Southwold, Suffolk.source
  • 1660The Convention Parliament, a new House of Commons for England, freely elected with no requirement for candidates to swear loyalty to the Commonwealth of England, assembles in London to work out the restoration of the monarchy.source
  • 1664King Charles appoints the Royal Commission of 1664 to increase oversight of the American colonies.source
  • 1668The Swedish Empire signs a treaty with England and the Dutch Republic to join the Triple Alliance.source
  • 1668The Swedish Empire signs a treaty in Westminster to join England and the Dutch Republic in the Triple Alliance, a coalition formed to halt the expansion of Louis XIV of France during the War of Devolutionsource
  • 1674Great Fire of Watton, Norfolk.source
  • 1684The Morean War begins as the Republic of Venice declares war on the Ottoman Empire for control of the Peloponnese area of Greece, a peninsula which includes Corinth and Sparta and has been referred to by the Ottomans as Morea.source
  • 1690The Parliament of Scotland passes an Act to abolish episcopy in the presbyterian Church of Scotland. The Anglican Episcopal Church in Scotland continues as a separate denomination, retaining bishops.source
  • 1707April 25 (April 14 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Almansa: The Bourbon army of Spain and France (with Irish mercenaries) under the French-born Englishman James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, soundly defeats the allied forces of Portugal, England, and the Dutch Republic led by the French-born Huguenot (in English service) Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway. Following this, Philip V of Spain promulgates the first Nueva Planta decrees, bringing the Kingdoms of Valencia and Aragon under the laws of the Crown of Castile.source
  • 1707Battle of Almansa: the Bourbon army of Spain and France (with Irish mercenaries) under the French-born Englishman James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, soundly defeats the allied forces of Portugal, England, and the Dutch Republic led by the French-born Huguenot in English service Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway. Following this, Philip V of Spain promulgates the first Nueva Planta decrees, bringing the Kingdoms of Valencia and Aragon under the laws of the Crown of Castile.source
  • 1707a large school of whales appears in the Firth of Forth; 35 strand on the sands of Kirkcaldy.source
  • 1719Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe is published in London. Initially anonymous, by the end of the year it will have run through four editions and is significant in establishing extended realistic fiction as a literary genre.source
  • 1725HDMS Slesvig is launched at Nyholm in Copenhagen.source
  • 1734Easter occurs on the latest possible date (the next time is in 1886).source
  • 1750The Acadian settlement in Beaubassin, Nova Scotia, is burnt by the French army, and the population is forcibly relocated, after France and Great Britain agree that the Missaguash River should be the new boundary between peninsular British Nova Scotia and the mainland remnant of French Acadia (now New Brunswick).source
  • 1781American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Hobkirk's Hill takes place in Camden, South Carolinasource
  • 1786The United States and the Kingdom of Portugal sign their first commercial treaty, but it is never ratified.source
  • 1787The Customs and Excise Act 1787 receives Royal assent. It replaced all customs duties, which included poundage, by a system where individual tariffs would be applied to importations.source
  • 1792La Marseillaise, the French national anthem, is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.source
  • 1792Highwayman Nicolas Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine in France.source
  • 1792Highwayman Nicolas Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine in France, in what becomes the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville in Paris.source
  • 1793The pioneer parishes of New Orleans and Louisiana are erected, as well as incorporated into the Roman Catholic Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas.source
  • 1804The settlement of Uitenhage is establishedsource
  • 1809First post office in Sydney established. Ex-convict Isaac Nichols is the first postmaster.source
  • 1822The American Colonization Society lands at Cape Mesurado on the West African coast, after purchasing 60 mi of coastline. The settlement will soon become Monrovia, as the nation of Liberia is established to fill the ACS mission of freeing black American slaves and sending them "back to Africa".source
  • 1827Sir Stapleton Cotton is created Viscount Combermere.source
  • 1846Mexican–American War: Open conflict begins, over the disputed border of Texas.source
  • 1847The Exmouth 1818 brig, carrying Irish emigrants from Derry bound for Quebec, is wrecked off Islay, with only three survivors from more than 250 on board.source
  • 1848Captain Francis Crozier and Commander James Fitzjames of the Royal Navy deposit the final formal record ever recovered from the Franklin Expedition in a cairn on King William Island, after deserting their ships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, with their surviving 105 crew members on April 22 to attempt to march to the mainland of North America.source
  • 1848Andrew Graham discovers asteroid 9 Metis from politician Edward Joshua Cooper's private Markree Observatory in County Sligo, the first (and until 2008 only) discovery from Ireland of a minor planet.source
  • 1849James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, the Governor General of Canada, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.source
  • 1849For sanctioning the Rebellion Losses Bill, Lord Elgin is mobbed by Tories and the Parliament House in Montreal is burned.source
  • 1851Placer County, California, is formed from parts of Sutter and Yuba Counties with Auburn as the county seat.source
  • 1859Ground is broken for the Suez Canal, in Egypt.source
  • 1862American Civil War: Capture of New Orleans – Forces under Union Admiral David Farragut occupy the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana, securing access to the Mississippi.source
  • 186425 April – 25 June – London Conference of 1864source
  • 1868HMS Repulse, the last wooden battleship constructed for the Royal Navy, is launched as an ironclad (with auxiliary steam propulsion) at Woolwich Dockyard.source
  • 1875Ten sophomores from Rutgers College (modern-day Rutgers University) steal a one-ton cannon from the campus of the College of New Jersey (modern-day Princeton University), and start the Rutgers–Princeton Cannon War.source
  • 1877The local newspaper Agder Flekkefjords Tidende was first published.source
  • 1881Caulfield Grammar School is founded in Melbourne, Australia.source
  • 1885The Romanian Orthodox Church is recognised as an autonomous Metropolis by Joachim IV of Constantinople.source
  • 1896Murder of Delphina-Angelica Borée in Brussels.source
  • 1898Spanish–American War: The United States declares war on Spain; the U.S. Congress announces that a state of war has existed since April 21 (later backdating this one more day to April 20).source
  • 1898In Essen, German company Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk RWE is founded.source
  • 1906Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party under the leadership of Leo Kereselidze successfully robs the Dusheti treasury of the Russian Empire, one of the largest expropriations of the time.source
  • 1915WWI: Start of the Gallipoli Campaign by land forces (lasting until January 1916) – A landing at Anzac Cove is conducted by Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and a landing at Cape Helles by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1916April 24–30 – The Easter Rising occurs in Ireland. Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood proclaim an Irish Republic, and the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army occupy the General Post Office and other buildings in Dublin, before surrendering to the British Army. A total of 485 Irish Volunteers, British soldiers and Irish civilians were killed as well as 2,200 wounded and 16 rebel leaders would be executed.source
  • 1916Martial law was declared in Dublin by the British authorities for a period of one month.source
  • 1919Pancho Villa takes Parral, Chihuahua, in Mexico, and executes the mayor and his two sons.source
  • 1919The Bauhaus architectural and design movement is founded in Weimar, Germany.source
  • 1919Anzac Day is observed for the first time in Australia.source
  • 1920April 19–26 – San Remo conference: Representatives of Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Japan meet to determine the League of Nations mandates for administration of territories, following the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1920April 19–26 – San Remo conference held at Castle Devachan in Sanremo, Italy. Representatives of Italy, France, the United Kingdom and Japan meet to determine the League of Nations mandates for administration of territories following partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The conference was attended by the four Principal Allied Powers of World War I who were represented by the prime ministers of Britain (David Lloyd George), France (Alexandre Millerand), Italy (Francesco Nitti) and by Japan's Ambassador Keishirō Matsui.source
  • 1926Reza Khan is crowned Shah of Iran, under the name "Pahlevi".source
  • 1926Rezā Khan was crowned Shah of Persia under the name "Pahlevi".source
  • 1927April 22–May 5 – The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 strikes 700,000 people, in the greatest natural disaster in American history through this time.source
  • 1931The automobile manufacturer Porsche is founded by Ferdinand Porsche in Stuttgart.source
  • 1932Greece decides to abandon the gold standard.source
  • 1932The bodies of Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman and Jabir ibn Abd Allah, two of the companions of Islamic prophet Muhammad, are moved from their graves in Salmaan Paak following a dream of King Faisal I of Iraq that they are affected by water.source
  • 1932Gladys Elinor Watkins consecrates the carillon of the National War Memorial in New Zealand.source
  • 1936The Arab Higher Committee is established on the initiative of the Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Amin al-Husayni, to oppose British rule and Jewish claims in Palestine.source
  • 1939The Federal Security Agency (FSA) is founded in the United States, along with the Civilian Conservation Corps and Public Health Service.source
  • 1943Easter occurs on the latest possible date (last time 1886; next time 2038) in the Western Christian Church.source
  • 1944The Holocaust: SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann opens "blood for goods" negotiations with Joel Brand, to offer the release of thousands of Jews from eastern Europe to the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee, in exchange for supplies for the German Eastern Front.source
  • 1944The United Negro College Fund is incorporated in the United States.source
  • 1944Birth of Vinod Duggal S/O Shri Hussan Lal and Shrimati Sushila Duggalsource
  • 1951Prince Jean is appointed to the Council of State, replacing Prince Felix.source
  • 1953The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hall was opened by then British High Commissioner Malcolm MacDonald.source
  • 1953Francis Crick and James Watson publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid", their description of the double helix structure of DNA.source
  • 1956Usiminas, one of Brazil's largest steelmakers, is founded in Ipatinga, in the state of Minas Gerais.source
  • 1957April 24–25 – The 1957 Fethiye earthquakes occur on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey.source
  • 1959The Saint Lawrence Seaway linking the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean officially opens to shipping.source
  • 1964Thieves steal the head of the Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen, Denmark. Although the attack is attributed to Jørgen Nash, the Danish media blame painter Henrik Bruun, who never confesses to the crime.source
  • 19731973 Balkans Cup: Albania is defeated by Yugoslavia 1-0 at Gradski stadion (Nikšić), Nikšićsource
  • 1974the Carnation Revolution took place in Portugal, the Estado Novo regime collapsed, Cape Verde became an autonomous provincesource
  • 1974Carnation Revolution: A left-wing military coup in Portugal restores democracy, ending 41 years of the Estado Novo dictatorship in the country. Portuguese Prime Minister Marcelo Caetano flees to Brazil and is granted political asylum by Brazilian President Ernesto Geisel.source
  • 1975Vietnam War: As North Vietnamese Army forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost 10 years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.source
  • 1976Markus Reiner (born 1886), Austro-Hungarian (Bukovina)-born Israeli scientist.source
  • 1976Aquiles Nazoa (born 1920) — writer, journalist and humorist.source
  • 1978April 18– 30 – The Khmer Rouge massacres 3,157 civilians in Ba Chúc, Vietnam.source
  • 1978St. Paul, Minnesota becomes the second U.S. city to repeal its gay rights ordinance, after Anita Bryant's successful 1977 anti-gay campaign in Miami-Dade County, Florida.source
  • 1980April 24–25 – Operation Eagle Claw, a commando mission in Iran to rescue American embassy hostages, is aborted after mechanical problems ground the rescue helicopters. Eight United States troops are killed in a mid-air collision during the failed operation.source
  • 1980Dan-Air Flight 1008 crashes in Tenerife, killing all 146 occupants; at the time it was the worst air disaster involving a British-registered aircraft in terms of loss of life.source
  • 1982Israel completes its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula in accordance with the Egypt–Israel peace treaty of 1979.source
  • 1983Manchester, Maine schoolgirl Samantha Smith is invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov, after he read her letter in which she expressed fears about nuclear war.source
  • 1989Noboru Takeshita resigns as Prime Minister of Japan in the wake of a stock-trading scandal.source
  • 1989Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita announces his resignation following a stock-trading scandal.source
  • 1989Motorola introduces the Motorola MicroTAC personal cellular telephone, the world's smallest mobile phone at this time.source
  • 1990Violeta Chamorro is sworn in as President of Nicaragua, the first woman elected (February 25) in her own right as a head of state in the Americas.source
  • 1994Sultan Azlan Muhibbudin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yusuff Izzudin Shah Ghafarullahu-lahu ends his term as the 9th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.source
  • 2002South African Mark Shuttleworth blasts off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on the Soyuz TM-34, becoming the first African space tourist.source
  • 2007U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs David Kramer, speaking on behalf of the U.S. government, offers to normalize relations with Belarus if it releases imprisoned politicians.source
  • 2010In the second round of the 2010 Hungarian parliamentary election the alliance of Fidesz lead by Viktor Orbán and the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) wins enough seats to achieve a two-thirds supermajority in the legislature, beginning the 16-year second premiership of Viktor Orbán during which the country enters a period of democratic backsliding.source
  • 2011April 25–28 – The 2011 Super Outbreak forms in the Southern, Midwest and Eastern United States with a tornado count of 362; killing 324 and injuring over 2,200.source
  • 2011Hundreds of people demonstrating during a "day of rage" against the regime of President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz are tear gassed by police, while others are arrested and opposition MPs deterred from joining the protests.source
  • 2012Former Liberian President Charles Taylor is found guilty on 11 counts of aiding and abetting war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Sierra Leone Civil War.source
  • 2015September 6: The 2015 Guatemalan protests take place, leading to the resignation of president Otto Pérez Molina.source
  • 2015A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes Nepal and causes 8,857 deaths in Nepal (including 19 at Everest base cammp), 130 in India, 27 in China and 4 in Bangladesh with a total of 9,018 deaths.source
  • 2017The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) unanimously adopted a call to place Turkey back under monitoring due to setbacks in democracy, human rights, the rule of law, freedom of expression, and judicial independence. Turkey last officially exited the monitoring process in 2004 when it began accession negotiations with the European Union.source
  • 2017Saudi Arabia is elected to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women along with eleven other countries despite "being ranked by human rights experts as one of the worst for gender equality".source
  • 2017Tanzania expelled UNDP head Awa Dobo, possibly because of alleged criticisms of a controversial election in Zanzibar.source
  • 2019North Korean leader Kim Jong Un visits Russia to hold a series of summits with Russian leaders, including President Vladimir Putin.source
  • 2020Yemeni Civil War: The Southern Transitional Council (STC) announces the establishment of a self-rule administration in southern Yemen and deploys forces in Aden. Governors of multiple southern Yemeni Governorates and Socotra island reject the STC's claim to self-rule and declare their loyalty to President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. Months later on July 19, the STC accepts a Saudi-brokered peace deal and abandons its self-rule aspirations.source
  • 2020The country announced that it would be scheduling their Women's Super League cricket final on Saturday and streaming it live on social media.source
  • 2022Elon Musk reaches an agreement to acquire the social media network Twitter (which he later rebrands as X) for US$44 billion, which later closes in October.source
  • 2022A rocket is fired from Lebanon into Matzuva, Israel. Israel responds by firing at targets in Lebanon.source
  • 2023A mass cult suicide is uncovered in Shakahola forest in Kenya. 429 followers of the Good News International Ministries are found in shallow graves throughout the forest, with over 613 people missing.source
  • 2024The State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus says that it had thwarted drone attacks on Minsk launched from Lithuania, which the latter denies.source

Births

  • 1194Ezzelino III, Italian nobleman and knight (died 1259)source
  • 1211Frederick II, duke of Austria and Styria (died 1246)source
  • 1214Louis IX ("the Saint"), king of France (died 1270)source
  • 1228Conrad IV (or Conrad II), king of Germany (died 1254)source
  • 1284Edward II, king of England (died 1327)source
  • 1287Roger Mortimer, English de facto ruler (died 1330)source
  • 1502Georg Major, German Lutheran theologian (died 1574)source
  • 1529Francesco Patrizi, Italian philosopher and scientist (died 1597)source
  • 1562Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, German noble (died 1602)source
  • 1599Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (died 1658)source
  • 1614Hieronymus van Beverningh, Dutch diplomat and politician (died 1690)source
  • 1621Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, Anglo-Irish soldier, statesman and dramatist (died 1679)source
  • 1628Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet, English statesman and essayist (died 1699)source
  • 1652Boris Sheremetev, Russian noble (died 1719)source
  • 1655John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale, English politician (died 1700)source
  • 165525 April (baptism) – Pieter Rijsbraeck, artist (died 1729)source
  • 1694Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect (died 1753)source
  • 1701John Bristow, English merchant, politician (died 1768)source
  • 1708John Seccombe, author (died 1792)source
  • 1725Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, British admiral (died 1786)source
  • 1762Sveinn Pálsson, naturalistsource
  • 1770Georg Sverdrup, philologist (died 1850)source
  • 1775Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen consort of Portugal (died 1830)source
  • 1823Abdülmecid I, Ottoman Sultan (died 1861)source
  • 1843Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, third child of Queen Victoria (died 1878)source
  • 1874Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (died 1937)source
  • 1928Yury Yakovlev, actorsource
  • 1947Johan Cruyff, Dutch footballer and coach (died 2016)source

Deaths

  • 68Mark the Evangelist, pope of Alexandriasource
  • 501Rusticus, archbishop of Lyonsource
  • 775Mushegh VI Mamikonian, Armenian noblesource
  • 908Zhang Wenwei, Chinese chancellorsource
  • 1025Fujiwara no Seishi, Japanese empress consort (born 972)source
  • 1074Herman I, margrave of Badensource
  • 1077Géza I ("Magnus"), king of Hungarysource
  • 1185Taira no Tokiko, Japanese Buddhist nun (born 1126)source
  • 1185Antoku, child-emperor of Japan (born 1178)source
  • 1196Alfonso II ("the Chaste"), king of Aragon (born 1157)source
  • 1196King Alfonso II of Aragon ("the Chaste") dies after a 32-year reign at Perpignan. He leaves a will that divides his realm (Aragon loses Provence) and is succeeded by his 21-year-old son Peter II (the Catholic).source
  • 1217Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia (or III), German nobleman (born 1155)source
  • 1221Baruch ben Samuel of Mainz, German rabbisource
  • 1228The 16-year-old Isabella II, Holy Roman Empress and wife of Frederick II, dies after giving birth to her second child, Conrad IV, at Andria. He receives the title King of Jerusalem (as Conrad II) – with Frederick as regent. By his father, Conrad is the grandson of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Henry VI and great-grandson of the late Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa).source
  • 1228Isabella II, queen and regent of Jerusalem (born 1212)source
  • 1243Boniface of Valperga, Italian monk and bishopsource
  • 1264Roger de Quincy, Scotto-Norman nobleman (born 1195)source
  • 1295King Sancho IV of Castile ("the Brave") dies of a fatal illness (possibly tuberculosis), after a 11-year reign at Toledo. He is succeeded by his 9-year-old son Ferdinand IV ("the Summoned") as ruler of Castile and León. In the Cortes at Valladolid, Henry of Castile the Senator is appointed guardian of Ferdinand, while Queen María de Molina becomes his regent. During the summer, Ferdinand is betrothed to the 5-year-old Princess Constance of Portugal. Hostilities between Castile and King Denis of Portugal ("the Poet King") are ended by a peace agreement.source
  • 1295Sancho IV ("the Brave"), king of Castile (born 1258)source
  • 1397Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (born 1350)source
  • 1402Jean de La Grange, bishop (born 1325)source
  • 1426April 25 (17 Jumada II 829 AH) – Hasan ibn Ajlan, who has been allowed to leave Cairo after being appointed by the Egyptian Mamluk Sultan as the Emir of Mecca and paying the first installment of a fee of 30,000 dinars, dies on the way back to Mecca. The Sultan, Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy, summons Hasan's sons Barakat ibn Hasan and Ibrahim ibn Hasan to Cairo to complete payment of the remaining 25,000 dinars owed.source
  • 1464Battle of Hedgeley Moor in England: Yorkist forces under John Neville defeat the Lancastrians under Sir Ralph Percy, who is killed.source
  • 1472Leon Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet and philosopher (born 1404)source
  • 1526Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester (born 1460)source
  • 1566Louise Labé, French poet (born c. 1524)source
  • 1566Diane de Poitiers, mistress of King Henry II of France (born 1499)source
  • 1579John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, noblesource
  • 1595Torquato Tasso, Italian poet (born 1544)source
  • 1604Pietro de' Medici, Italian noble (born 1554)source
  • 1605Naresuan, Siamese King of Ayutthaya kingdom (born c. 1555)source
  • 1644A popular Chinese rebellion led by Li Zicheng sacks Beijing, prompting Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty, to commit suicide.source
  • 1644Chongzhen, last Ming Emperor of China (suicide) (born 1611)source
  • 1667Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur, Spanish saint and missionary to Guatemala (born 1626)source
  • 1690David Teniers the Younger, Flemish painter (born 1610)source
  • 1692Gysbert Wigand Michelbecker, merchant and shipowner (born 1636 in Germany)source
  • 1725Paul de Rapin, French historian (born 1661)source
  • 1734Johann Konrad Dippel, German alchemist (born 1673)source
  • 1735Samuel Wesley, English poet, religious leader (born 1662)source
  • 1744Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (born 1701)source
  • 1770Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot, physicist (born 1700)source
  • 1806Rana Bahadur Shah is killed by his step-brother Sher Bahadur Shah in the late night meeting which triggers the two weeks' long Bhandarkhal garden massacre in Khatmandu.source
  • 1812Edmond Malone, Irish scholar (born 1741)source
  • 1840Siméon Denis Poisson, French mathematician, geometer, and physicist (born 1781)source
  • 1885Queen Emma of Hawaii (born 1836)source
  • 1946Naperville train disaster: The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy's Exposition Flyer crashes at speed into the rear of the Advance Flyer at Loomis Street in Naperville, Illinois; 45 are killed.source