1079 CE
Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków, is executed on orders by King Bolesław II the Generous. The way in which his sentence is carried out causes a revolt among the Polish nobles. Bolesław is forced to flee, to take refuge at the court of King Ladislaus I of Hungary. He is succeeded by his brother Władysław I, as ruler of Poland. The Seljuk Turks under Sultan Suleiman ibn Qutulmish reach and occupy the western coast of Asia Minor, an area known since the Archaic Period (c. 800–c. 500 BC) as Ionia (modern Turkey). King William the Conqueror establishes the New Forest in Southern England. He proclaims it as a royal forest, using it for hunting, mainly of deer.
In the 1070s, the 11th century.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
Conflict & Security
- Battle of Cabra: Moorish forces, aided by Castilian knights under El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz), defeat and rout the invading army of Emir Abdallah ibn Buluggin of Granada, near the town of Cabra (modern Spain).source
Exploration & Expansion
- The Seljuk Turks under Sultan Suleiman ibn Qutulmish reach and occupy the western coast of Asia Minor, an area known since the Archaic Period (c. 800–c. 500 BC) as Ionia (modern Turkey).source
Religion & Belief
- Constance, queen of Castile and León, founds a monastery in Burgos (approximate date).source
Science & Discovery
- Omar Khayyam, Persian mathematician and astronomer, calculates a 33 year calendar consisting of 25 ordinary years that include 365 days, and 8 leap years that include 366 days, the most accurate calculation of his time. Khayyam, in his Treatise on Demonstrations of Problems in Algebra, produces a complete classification of cubic equations and their geometric solutions (approximate date).source
Culture & Society
- Emperor Henry IV appoints Frederick I as duke of Swabia at Hohenstaufen Castle. Henry's 7-year-old daughter Agnes of Waiblingen is betrothed to Frederick who founds the Hohenstaufen Dynasty.source
Births
- February 11 – Yejong, king of Goryeo (died 1122)source
- April – Urraca, queen regnant of León, Castile and Galicia (died 1126)source
- August 8 – Horikawa, emperor of Japan (died 1107)source
- Berardo dei Marsi, Italian cardinal and bishop (died 1130)source
- Peter Abelard, French scholastic philosopher (died 1142)source
- Zheng, Chinese empress of the Song dynasty (died 1131)source
- Approximate date – Diepold III, margrave of Vohburgsource
- Gampopa, Tibetan Buddhist monk and teacher (died 1153)source
- Kilij Arslan I, sultan of the Sultanate of Rum (died 1107)source
- Liu, Chinese empress of the Song dynasty (died 1113)source
- Abū Ṭāhir al-Silafī, Fatimid scholar and writer (died 1180)source
- Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard, French noblewoman (died 1151)source
Deaths
- January 8 – Adela of France, countess of Flanders (born 1009)source
- February 22 – John of Fécamp, Italian-Norman abbotsource
- April 11 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Polish bishop (born 1030)source
- April 11 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków, is executed on orders by King Bolesław II the Generous. The way in which his sentence is carried out causes a revolt among the Polish nobles. Bolesław is forced to flee, to take refuge at the court of King Ladislaus I of Hungary. He is succeeded by his brother Władysław I, as ruler of Poland.source
- August 2 – Roman Svyatoslavich, Kievan princesource
- August 5 – Hezilo (or Hettilo), bishop of Hildesheimsource
- October – Atsiz ibn Uwaq, Turkish emir of Damascussource
- November 16 – Cao, empress of the Song dynasty (born 1016)source
- Al-Jayyānī, Arab scholar and mathematician (born 989)source
- Odo of Rennes, duke and regent of Brittany (born 999)source
- Håkan the Red, king of Sweden (approximate date)source
- Adelaide of Savoy, duchess of Swabia (approximate date)source
- Íñigo López, Spanish nobleman (approximate date)source
- Wen Tong, Chinese painter and calligrapher (born 1019)source