/year

August 2 in history

209 sourced entries recorded on August 2, from 338 BCE to 2022 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 338 BCEPhilip II of Macedon defeats the Athenians and Thebans in the Battle of Chaeronea in western Boeotia. His son, Alexander, commands the left wing of the Macedonian army during the battle. In victory, Philip II is harsh on Thebes, but merciful on Athens, thanks to the efforts of the Athenian orator and diplomat, Demades, who helps negotiate a peace agreement between Macedonia and Athens.source
  • 49 BCEPompeians in Ilerda surrender to Caesar and are granted pardon.source
  • 47 BCECaesar defeats Pharnaces II of Pontus, king of the Bosphorus, in the Battle of Zela (the war Caesar tersely describes as veni, vidi, vici).source
  • 461Majorian is arrested near Tortona (Northern Italy), and deposed by Ricimer (magister militum) as puppet emperor.source
  • 1096August 2–6 – The People's Crusade reorganize their forces and gather supplies. Alexios I advises Peter the Hermit to wait for reinforcements but he ignores the advice. The People's army (some 30,000 men) is transported across the Bosporus – by the Byzantine fleet to Civetot (modern Turkey).source
  • 1101By the Treaty of Alton, ratified at Winchester, Robert abandons his claim to the throne, recognising Henry as King of England.source
  • 1274Edward I of England finally returns from the Holy Land to be crowned king of England on August 19 at Westminster Abbey two years after his father King Henry III's death.source
  • 1307In the first reorganization of the English government by the new King, Edward II, Gilbert Segrave replaces Ralph Baldock as Lord Chancellorsource
  • 1332Domhnall II, Earl of Mar elected as the new Regent of Scotland at a meeting of the nobles at Perthsource
  • 13412 August – 2 October – deputy justicier campaigns in Leinster against Mac Murchada.source
  • 1347The Islamic Bahmani Kingdom is established on the Indian subcontinent.source
  • 1377In the Battle on Pyana River, part of the Golden Horde Dynastic War, an alliance of five Russian principalities is defeated by the Mongol Blue Horde (a part of the Golden Horde), led by Arapsha Khan. According to a later Russian account, Chronicle On The Slaughter at Pyana River, the Russian troops had been drinking mead and beer while waiting at the river for the Golden Horde attack and are intoxicated when Arapsha's troops attacked from five directions. The Russian commander, Prince Ivan Dmitriyevich of Nizhny Novgorod and staff attempt to retreat across the Pyana River and drown, and the river itself, Arapsha Khan and his troops then take over Nizhny-Novgorod with no opposition. The name of the river itself derives from the Russian language word for "drunk", пьяный (pyanyy).source
  • 1393At the age of 13, Enrique el Doliente, who succeeded to the throne of the Crown of Castile upon the death of his father John I of Castile King Juan in 1390, dismisses his Regency Council and assumes full power as King Enrique III.source
  • 1394August 2 &ndash (5th day of the 7th month of Meitoku 5), the Meitoku Era in Japan is declared to be at an end because of the misfortune of a smallpox epidemic, and the Ōei era begins.source
  • 1423Ataullah Muhammad Shah I begins a 50-year reign as the Sultan of Kedah in what is now Malaysia, following the death of his father, Sulaiman Shah I, who had reigned for 50 years after becoming Sultan in 1373.source
  • 1450The coronation of Christian I of Denmark as King of Norway takes place at Trondheim.source
  • 1492The Jews are expelled from Spain on the Tisha B'Av fast day, pursuant to the Alhambra Decree. More than 40,000 and perhaps as many as 200,000 leave. Sultan Bayezid II of the Ottoman Empire, learning of this, dispatches the Ottoman Navy to bring the Jews safely to Ottoman lands, mainly to the cities of Thessaloniki (in modern-day Greece) and İzmir (in modern-day Turkey); others settle in Sarajevo.source
  • 1501King Federico of Naples abdicates upon the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples by France, and France's King Louis XII becomes the nominal monarch as Luigi II, re di Napoli. King Louis appoints Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours as France's Viceroy of Naples.source
  • 1501King Frederick of Naples abdicates upon the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples by France, and France's King Louis XII becomes the nominal monarch as Luigi II, re di Napoli. King Louis appoints Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours as France's Viceroy of Naples.source
  • 1537The battle of Montemurlo, an attempt by residents of the former Republic of Florence to overthrow Cosimo I de' Medici, Duke of Florence and restore the republican government, ends in failure. The Medici family then takes revenge on the supporters of the Republic, including the Republic commander, General Piero Strozzi.source
  • 1552John Frederick, Elector of Saxony and Philipp I of Hesse, taken prisoner by Charles V in 1546, are released.source
  • 1552The Peace of Passau revokes the Augsburg Interim of 1548, and promises religious freedom to the Protestant princes.source
  • 1554Battle of Marciano: Senese–French forces are defeated by the Florentine–Imperial army.source
  • 1560Livonian War – Battle of Ergeme: Russians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, precipitating the dissolution of the order.source
  • 1566August 2 or 3 – Shane O'Neill is proclaimed a traitor and a price is put on his head.source
  • 1569Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.source
  • 1572July 29–August 2 – Battle of Molodi: A large Crimean–Ottoman army which invaded Russia is routed.source
  • 1588The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet, off the Isle of Portland.source
  • 1589Following the death of Henry III of France, his army is thrown into confusion and an attempt to retake Paris is abandoned. Henry of Navarre succeeds to the throne as King Henry IV of France, but is not recognized by the Catholic League, who acclaim the imprisoned Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, as the rightful King of France, Charles X.source
  • 1601The Oñate expedition reaches the Rita Blanco River on the day of the Feast of the Porciuncula and follows it northward into Oklahoma.source
  • 1610Henry Hudson sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay, thinking he has made it through the Northwest Passage and reached the Pacific Ocean.source
  • 1611Jamestown's Deputy Governor Sir Thomas Gates returns to Virginia with 280 people, provisions and cattle on six ships and assumes control, ruling that the fort must be strengthened.source
  • 1613The Gjerpen Trial begins.source
  • 1647the King rejects the proposals set out in the Heads of Proposals.source
  • 1660Charles II issues a grant for two theatre companies: a King's Company under his own patronage, led by Thomas Killigrew, and a Duke's Company under the patronage of his brother, the Duke of York, led by Sir William Davenant.source
  • 1665The Dutch fleet defeats the English in the Battle of Vågen off Norway in the Second Anglo-Dutch War.source
  • 1665Second Anglo-Dutch War: Dutch naval victory at the Battle of Vågen off Norway.source
  • 1665The Battle of Vågen, Bergen, a naval battle between an English flotilla of warships and a Dutch merchant and treasure fleet, as part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.source
  • 1666August 2 (July 23 Julian calendar) – A hurricane sweeps through the Caribbean Sea near Guadeloupe five days after Barbados colonial Governor Francis Willoughby led a force of two Royal Navy frigates, 12 commandeered vessels and over 1,000 men in a battle against French colonies during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Willoughby and most of his crew die in the sinking of his flagship, HMS Hopesource
  • 1675August 2–4 – The Nipmucks attack Massachusetts troops and besiege Brookfield, Massachusetts.source
  • 1676Captain Benjamin Church captures Metacomet's wife and son.source
  • 1689Boston Revolt: Edmund Andros, former governor of the Dominion of New England, escapes from Boston to Connecticut, but is recaptured.source
  • 1704August 1–3 - Capture of Gibraltarsource
  • 17042 August (13 August NS) – War of the Spanish Succession: At the Battle of Blenheim, an allied army under John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy including English troops defeats the Franco-Bavarian army.source
  • 1710British Royal Navy 90-gun ship HMS Vanguard is relaunched from Chatham; Vanguard sank in Chatham Dockyard in the Great Storm of 1703, but was raised in 1704 for rebuilding.source
  • 1718Quadruple Alliance formed between Britain, the Kingdom of France, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic.source
  • 1743The Barony of Conradsborg is established by Ide Margrethe Reventlow for her son Christian Frederik Knuth from the manors of Sørup, Sandbygård and Rosengård.source
  • 1743The Barony of Christiansdal is established by Ide Margrethe Reventlow from the manors of Adserstrup and Grimsted.source
  • 1749Irish-born trader George Croghan, unaware of the recent British grant of land in the Ohio River valley to the Ohio Company, purchases 200,000 acres of much of the same land from the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, dealing directly with "the three most important Iroquois chiefs resident in that area, in return for an immense quantity of Indian goods." The deal takes place at the Iroquois capital of Onondaga, near present-day Syracuse, New York.source
  • 1763Mir Qasim is routed at Odwa Nala. He flees to Patna, where he massacres the English garrison, but is subsequently defeated at Katwa, Murshidabad, Giria, Sooty, Udayanala and Munger.source
  • 1776Delegates of most of the American colonies sign the Declaration of Independence.source
  • 1784the first mail coach runs between Bristol and London.source
  • 1786a delusional needlewoman, Margaret Nicholson, attempts to stab the king outside St James's Palace in London; she will be confined for the remaining 42 years of her life in Bethlehem Hospital for the insane.source
  • 1796Marc Isambard Brunel is granted citizenship of the United States; in the autumn he is appointed chief engineer of New York City.source
  • 1802In a plebiscite, Napoleon Bonaparte is confirmed as the First Consul of France.source
  • 1810In Quito, Ecuador, 200 citizens are slaughtered in the Royal barracks and the surrounding streets by royalist troops.source
  • 1815Napoleonic Wars: Representatives of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia sign a convention at Paris, declaring that Napoleon Bonaparte is "their prisoner" and that "His safe keeping is entrusted to the British Government."source
  • 1819The first Hep-Hep riots, communal pogroms against Ashkenazi Jews in the German Federation begin at Würzburg in Bavaria. They continue until October with many Jews killed.source
  • 1824The Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in Singapore was signed. The sultans of Johor cedes Singapore and its islands 10 geographical miles away from it to the British East India Companysource
  • 1830King Charles X abdicates the throne in favour of his grandson Henri, Count of Chambord, who never takes the throne.source
  • 1831The Dutch Ten Days' Campaign against Belgium is halted by a French army.source
  • 1832The Bad Axe Massacre ends the last major Native American rebellion east of the Mississippi in the United States.source
  • 1838Jean Langlois completes the purchase of Banks Peninsula from local Māori and makes a downpayment of goods to the value of 150 francs. Captain Cecille of the Héroine raises the French flag and proclaims French sovereignty over Banks Peninsula.source
  • 1843The New Zealand Colonist and Port Nicholson Advertiser ceases publishing after one year.source
  • 1858The Government of India Act, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, transfers the territories of the British East India Company and their administration to the direct rule of the British Crown, through a Secretary of State for India.source
  • 1858Stock Exchange in Antwerp burns down.source
  • 1858A bill is passed to create a modern sewage system in London as a result of the Great Stink, when the heat of the summer made the smell from sewage in the Thames unbearable.source
  • 1858Medical Act 1858 passed "to Regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery".source
  • 1860Joseph Edkins and Griffith John arrive in Suzhou to meet Hong Rengan.source
  • 1862Victoria, British Columbia, is incorporated as a citysource
  • 1870The Tower Subway beneath the River Thames in London, the world's first underground passenger "tube" railway, officially opens. Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical wrought iron tunnelling shield, devised by Peter W. Barlow and James Henry Greathead, and of a permanent tunnel lining of cast iron segments.source
  • 1874Jacobina Mentz and most of her followers killed by police, who were helped by informant Carlos Luppa. End of the Revolt of the Muckers.source
  • 1876Wild Bill Hickok is shot dead during a poker game in Deadwood, Dakota.source
  • 1885William Walsh is consecrated as Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin and Primate of Ireland, an office he will hold until his death in 1921.source
  • 1897July 26–August 2 – Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand, on the Northwest frontier of British India (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan).source
  • 1901Deposits of coal discovered at As in the province of Limburgsource
  • 1902A. G. Edwards, Bishop of St Davids, is appointed Honorary Chaplain to the Denbighshire Yeomanry.source
  • 1903The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, organized by the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, breaks out in the Ottoman provinces of Macedonia and Adrianople.source
  • 1903Pittencrieff Park is gifted to the people of Dunfermline by Andrew Carnegie.source
  • 1908A fire in the Kootenay region kills 70.source
  • 1909July 25–August 2 – "Tragic Week" (La Semana Trágica/la Setmana Tràgica): The city of Barcelona experiences a workers' uprising.source
  • 1909The US Mint releases the 1909-S VDB Lincoln Cent, discontinuing it on August 5 because it shows the initials of engraver Victor David Brenner.source
  • 1909The United States Army Signal Corp Division purchases the world's first military airplane, a Wright Military Flyer, from the Wright brothers.source
  • 1912A Swedish study shows that farm trade has increased so much that other trade is suffering.source
  • 1913The first known ascent of Mount Olympus in Greece is made by Swiss mountaineers Daniel Baud-Bovy and Frédéric Boissonnas guided by Christos Kakkalos.source
  • 1914A secret treaty between the Ottoman Empire and German Empires secures Ottoman neutrality.source
  • 1914German troops occupy Luxembourg, in accordance with the Schlieffen Plan.source
  • 1917Squadron Commander E.H. Dunning lands his aircraft on the ship HMS Furious in Scapa Flow, Orkney. He is killed 5 days later during another landing on the ship.source
  • 1920July 30–August 8 – The 1st World Scout Jamboree is held at Olympia, London.source
  • 1922The 1922 Swatow typhoon hits Shantou, China, killing more than 5,000 people.source
  • 1922The 1922 Shantou typhoon hits Shantou in Guangdong Province, killing more than 5,000 peoplesource
  • 1923Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th president of the United States, upon the death of President Warren G. Harding in San Francisco.source
  • 19251925 Uruguayan National Administration Council electionsource
  • 1926The French S.S. Lotus collided with the Turkish S.S. Bozkurt.source
  • 1927American electrical engineer Harold Stephen Black invents the negative-feedback amplifier.source
  • 1928Italy and Ethiopia sign the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty.source
  • 1932The first positron is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.source
  • 1933The White Sea–Baltic Canal, Stalin's 227 km ship canal constructed using forced labour in the Soviet Union, opens, connecting the White Sea with Lake Onega and the Baltic.source
  • 1933White Sea–Baltic Canal opened.source
  • 1934Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, or head of state combined with that of Chancellor, following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg.source
  • 1935The Government of India Act is passed by the British Parliament, making provision for the establishment of a "Federation of India" and a degree of autonomy.source
  • 1935The USS Philadelphia is raised from Lake Champlain.source
  • 1936Tour de France ends, won by Sylvère Maes of Belgium.source
  • 1937The Marijuana Tax Act in the United States is a significant bill on the path that will lead to the criminalization of cannabis. It was introduced to the U.S. Congress by Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics Harry Anslinger.source
  • 1939The Einstein–Szilard letter is signed by Albert Einstein, advising President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt of the potential use of uranium to construct an atomic bomb. It is delivered on October 11 and leads to the first meeting on October 21 of the Advisory Committee on Uranium.source
  • 1942The British form the Palestine Regiment, consisting of one Arab and three Jewish battalions. Initially, the Regiment is principally involved in guard duties in Egypt and North Africa. The British also want it to undermine efforts of Hajj Amin al-Husayni, who is working to obtain Arab support for the Axis powers against the Allies.source
  • 1943WWII: John F. Kennedy's PT boat PT-109 is run down by Japanese destroyer Amagiri.source
  • 1944Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.source
  • 1944The First Assembly of ASNOM (the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of Macedonia) is held in the Prohor Pčinjski monastery.source
  • 19471947 BSAA Avro Lancastrian Star Dust accident: A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain during a flight from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Santiago, Chile (the wreckage will not be found until 1998).source
  • 1953President Víctor Paz Estenssoro signs Supreme Decree N° 3464 into law, passing sweeping agrarian reform and declaring peasants the owners of their own lands.source
  • 1953The Yugoslav fighters clashed with Albanian forces in the vicinity of Vërmica, leaving two Yugoslav soldiers wounded.source
  • 1955July 25-August 4: Bishops from all over Latin America meet in Rio de Janeiro for the first Episcopal Conference of Latin America.source
  • 1956The National Party (1956-1958) is created, product of the merger of the National Independent Movement, the National Agrarian Party and the Agrarian Labor Recoveryist Party.source
  • 1958An All Nippon Airways Douglas DC-3 plunges in the sea close to the Izu Islands, killing all 33 occupants of the aircraft.source
  • 1963July 31 – August 2 – A Summit Conference on the proposed Confederation of Malaysia, involving leaders of the Philippines, Malaya and Indonesia, is held.source
  • 1964Vietnam War: United States destroyer Maddox is attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Air support from the carrier USS Ticonderoga sinks one gunboat, while the other two leave the battle.source
  • 1964August 2–4 – Vietnam War – Gulf of Tonkin incident: United States destroyers USS Maddox and USS C. Turner Joy are attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Air support from the carrier USS Ticonderoga sinks one gunboat, while the other two leave the battle.source
  • 1966Tallinn Old Town Conservation Area was established.source
  • 1968The magnitude (Mw) 7.6 Casiguran earthquake affects the Aurora province in the Philippines with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing at least 207 and injuring 261.source
  • 1968The 1968 Casiguran earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The earthquake's epicenter was located in Casiguran, Aurora. This was deemed the most destructive earthquake in the Philippines prior to the 1990 Luzon earthquake.source
  • 1969U.S. President Richard Nixon visits Romania, becoming the first incumbent U.S. president to visit a communist state since the start of the Cold War.source
  • 1971U.S. department store chain J. C. Penney debuts its trademark Helvetica wordmark which has been used ever since.source
  • 1973A flash fire kills 51 at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.source
  • 1976A gunman murders Andrea Wilborn and Stan Farr and injures Priscilla Davis and Gus Gavrel, in an incident at Priscilla's mansion in Fort Worth, Texas. T. Cullen Davis, Priscilla's husband and one of the richest men in Texas, is tried and found innocent for Andrea's murder, involvement in a plot to kill several people (including Priscilla and a judge), and a wrongful death lawsuit. Cullen goes broke afterwards.source
  • 1977A law creating the Société nationale de Crédit et d'Investissement is passed.source
  • 1980Strage di Bologna: A terrorist bombing at the Bologna Centrale railway station in Italy kills 85 people and wounds more than 200.source
  • 1980July 31–August 11: Hurricane Allen.source
  • 1982The Helsinki Metro, the first rapid transit system in Finland, opens to the general public.source
  • 1985Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashes near Dallas, Texas, United States, killing 137 people.source
  • 1990Gulf War: Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the Gulf War.source
  • 1990Iraq invaded Kuwait. See: Gulf Warsource
  • 1990The first ban of smoking in bars in the US (and possibly the world) is passed in San Luis Obispo, California.source
  • 1991Two areas in Singapore, namely the Central and Changi areas are gazetted as Tree Conservation Areas.source
  • 2001The ICTY convicts Bosnian Serb general Radislav Krstić on the charge of genocide for his role in the Srebrenica massacre.source
  • 2002July 25–August 4 – The 2002 Commonwealth Games are held in Manchester, England.source
  • 2011Second major teacher's strike.source
  • 2014July 23–August 3 – The 2014 Commonwealth Games takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.source
  • 2018Apple Inc. becomes the world's first public company to achieve a market capitalization of $1 trillion.source
  • 20192019–2020 Japan–South Korea trade dispute: Japan announces the removal of South Korea from its list of most trusted trading partners, effective on August 28.source
  • 2020Irfaan Ali succeeds David Granger as the 10th President of Guyana.source
  • 2022July 28–August 8 – The 2022 Commonwealth Games is held in Birmingham, England.source
  • 2022July 29 – August 8: Guyana at the 2022 Commonwealth Gamessource

Births

  • 1260Kyawswa of Pagan, last ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (died 1299)source
  • 1455John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (died 1499)source
  • 1533Theodor Zwinger, Swiss scholar (died 1588)source
  • 1549Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (died 1616)source
  • 1557At Colchester in England, 10 convicted Protestant heretics are burned at the stake.source
  • 1571Charles, Duke of Guise, son of Henry I (died 1640)source
  • 1646Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (died 1715)source
  • 1672Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar (died 1733)source
  • 1674Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, regent of France (died 1723)source
  • 1696Mahmud I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754 (died 1754)source
  • 1726Lê Quý Đôn, Vietnamese philosopher, poet, encyclopedist and government official (died 1784)source
  • 1772Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien (died 1804)source
  • 1835Elisha Gray, American inventor, businessman (died 1901)source
  • 1860Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, Iranian poet, writer and journalist.source
  • 1923Shimon Peres, 8th Prime Minister of Israel, 9th President of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (died 2016)source
  • 1924James Baldwin, African-American author, novelist, playwright and activist (died 1987)source
  • 1995Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo, Indonesian badminton playersource
  • 2000Sandeep Lamichhane, cricketersource

Deaths

  • 216 BCEThe Battle of Cannae (east of Naples) ends in victory for Hannibal whose 50,000-man army defeats a Roman force of 86,000 led by consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus (who is killed in the battle) and Gaius Terentius Varro. 50,000-70,000 Roman troops are killed, making this perhaps the deadliest one-day battle in all history.source
  • 216 BCEGnaeus Servilius Geminus, Roman consul 217 BC (killed in the Battle of Cannae)source
  • 216 BCELucius Aemilius Paullus, Roman consul and general (killed in the Battle of Cannae)source
  • 216 BCEMarcus Minucius Rufus, Roman consul 221 BC, Master of the Horse 217 BC (killed in the Battle of Cannae)source
  • 257Stephen I, bishop of Romesource
  • 575Ahudemmeh, Syriac Orthodox Grand Metropolitan of the East.source
  • 686Pope John V dies at Rome after a 12-month reign, in which he has made handsome donations to the poor. He is succeeded by Conon I as the 83rd pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 686John V, pope of Rome (born 635)source
  • 923Plegmund, archbishop of Canterbury (or 914)source
  • 924Ælfweard of Wessex, briefly a claimant for the throne of England and favored by the nobility of Wessex, dies at the age of 23 only sixteen days after the death of his father.source
  • 924Ælfweard, son of Edward the Eldersource
  • 1058Judith of Schweinfurt, duchess of Bohemiasource
  • 1075John VIII, patriarch of Constantinoplesource
  • 1079Roman Svyatoslavich, Kievan princesource
  • 1100William II (or William Rufus), king of Englandsource
  • 1100King William II of England (William Rufus) dies in a hunting accident in the New Forest. Sir Walter Tirel is accused of having shot the arrow, but flees the country to avoid a trial. Henry I claims the throne.source
  • 1142Alexios Komnenos, Byzantine co-emperor (born 1106)source
  • 1143Muño Alfonso, Galician military leadersource
  • 1193Mieszko the Younger, duke of Kalisz (House of Piast)source
  • 1222Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (born 1156)source
  • 1277Mu'in al-Din Parwana, Seljuk statesmansource
  • 1288Alix of Brittany (or Blois), Breton noblewoman (born 1243)source
  • 1316Matilda of Hainaut becomes the sole leader of the Principality of Achaea, after her husband, Prince Louis of Burgundy, dies of poisoning one month after having secured his position during the Battle of Mandolada.source
  • 1332King Christopher II of Denmark (born 1276)source
  • 1415Thomas Grey, conspirator against King Henry V (executed) (born 1384)source
  • 1445Oswald von Wolkenstein, Austrian composer (born 1377)source
  • 1511Andrew Barton, Scottish naval leader (born c. 1466)source
  • 1512Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher (born 1463)source
  • 1548Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (born 1507)source
  • 1589King Henry III of France (born 1551)source
  • 1605Richard Leveson, English admiral (born c. 1570)source
  • 1611Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese warlord and samurai (born 1561)source
  • 1769Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician (born 1689)source
  • 1788Thomas Gainsborough, British painter (born 1727)source
  • 1799Vasily Bazhenov, architect (born 1737 or 1738)source
  • 1849Muhammad Ali of Egypt (born 1769)source
  • 1859Horace Mann, American educator, abolitionist (born 1796)source
  • 1874Jacobina Mentz Maurersource
  • 1876Wild Bill Hickok is murdered in Deadwood, South Dakota.source
  • 1876Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter, entertainer (born 1837)source
  • 1919Nehemiah Persoff, Jerusalem-born American Jewish film and television actor, and later painter (died 2022).source
  • 1921Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (born 1873)source
  • 1922Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-born Canadian-American inventor (born 1847)source
  • 1923Warren G. Harding, American politician, 29th President of the United States (born 1865)source
  • 1931Murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck: Two Berlin police officers are killed by Communists.source
  • 1934Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician, 2nd President of Germany (born 1847)source
  • 1973Tun Dr Ismail the deputy prime minister died due to heart attack. He was buried in Makam Pahlawan, near Masjid Negara, Kuala Lumpur. He was the first national leader to be buried here.source
  • 1990Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabahsource