1241 CE

Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe. Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: The Milesian Irish septs of the Ó Dónaills from Donegal, the Ó Néills from Armagh and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the last Tuatha Dé Danann sept, the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler. Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.

In the 1240s, the 13th century.

Conflict & Security

  • March 18 – Battle of Chmielnik (Mongol invasion of Poland): The Mongols overwhelm the feudal Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces, and plunder the abandoned city of Kraków.source
  • April 9 – Battle of Legnica: The Mongols, under the command of Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan, defeat the feudal Polish nobility, including the Knights Templar.source
  • April 11 – Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.source
  • May 10 – Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: The Milesian Irish septs of the Ó Dónaills from Donegal, the Ó Néills from Armagh and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the last Tuatha Dé Danann sept, the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler.source
  • May – Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.source
  • August 29 – After Henry III of England's invasion of Wales, the Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by him and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, curbing the latter's authority and denying him royal title.source
  • December – Siege of Lahore (1241): The Mongols under Tair Bahadur besiege and sack the city of Lahore in the Delhi Sultanate.source
  • Livonian Crusade: The Estonian rebellion of 1237 is suppressed on Saaremaa Island, by the Livonian Order.source
  • Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: the Ó Néills from Armagh, the Ó Dónaills from Donegal, and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler.Irelandsource

Exploration & Expansion

Religion & Belief

  • Emperor Lizong of Song China accepts the Neo-Confucian teachings of the late Zhu Xi, including his commentary on the Four Books. This will have an impact upon the philosophical schools of surrounding countries as well, including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.source
  • Dominican friary at Athenry founded by the de Bermingham family.Irelandsource

Climate & Environment

  • Early northern summer – A succession crisis or other priorities results in the Mongols withdrawing behind their river barrier into Ukraine and the Russias, leaving Central Asian and far Eastern Europe peoples tributary to the Khanates, but leaving Poland and Hungary to begin recovery and reorganization.source

Culture & Society

  • The University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.source

Births

  • September 4 – King Alexander III of Scotland (died 1286)source
  • Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (died 1290)source
  • Sophia of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (died 1286)source

Deaths

  • March 17 – Köten, Cuman chieftainsource
  • March 28 – Valdemar II of Denmark (born 1170)source
  • April 9 – Duke Henry II of Polandsource
  • April 11 – Matthias Rátót, archbishop of Esztergom (born c. 1206) — killed in the Battle of Mohisource
  • April 11 – Denis Tomaj, palatine of Hungary — killed in the Battle of Mohisource
  • April 11 – Ugrin Csák (born c. 1190) — killed in the Battle of Mohisource
  • April 11 – Raynald of Belleville, bishop of Transylvania — killed in the Battle of Mohisource
  • June 24 – Ivan Asen II of Bulgariasource
  • August 10 – Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (born c. 1184), princess long gently imprisoned in Englandsource
  • September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (born 1178)source
  • September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic saga writer, is murdered by Gissur Þorvaldsson, an emissary of King Haakon IV of Norway.source
  • September 26 – Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poetsource
  • December 1 – Isabella of England, Holy Roman empress, spouse of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1214)source
  • Ögedei Khan, 2nd Khagan of the Mongol Empire and successor to Genghis Khan (born c. 1185)source
  • Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn, King of Tír Eoghain.Irelandsource
  • Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath (born c.1172).Irelandsource