/year

March 18 in history

214 sourced entries recorded on March 18, from 37 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 37The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius's will, and proclaims Caligula as Roman Emperor, nullifying the joint claim of Tiberius Gemellus. Caligula's attempt to have himself deified creates friction between himself and the Senate.source
  • 415The Daysan River floods Edessa, Mesopotamia.source
  • 632March 18 (approximate) – Muhammad makes his final sermon to the Muslims. It is believed by Shia to be the appointment of Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The Imamah (Shia doctrine) of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, for the religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah, begins.source
  • 633The Arabian Peninsula is united under the central authority of Abu Bakr. This sets the stage for the Islamic conquest of Persia and the fall of the Sassanid dynasty.source
  • 909The Fatimid Dynasty founded by Shiite Muslims in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) gains suzerainty over the Aghlabid Dynasty in North Africa. Emir Ziyadat Allah III escapes to the Near East, unable to secure any help from the Abbasid Caliphate to regain his emirate.source
  • 988The city of Odense (located on the island of Funen) in Denmark is founded. King Otto III grants trade rights and to the neighbouring settlements.source
  • 1068An earthquake affects the Near East, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The shock has a magnitude greater than 7, and leaves about 20,000 people dead.source
  • 1123The First Council of the Lateran convenes in Rome; it confirms the 1122 Concordat of Worms and demands clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church.source
  • 1123The coronation of Japan's Emperor Sutoku takes place.source
  • 1167Battle of Al-Babein: A second Zangid army (some 12,000 men) under General Shirkuh and his nephew Saladin marches towards Egypt, but is met by the combined Crusader-Fatimid forces led by King Amalric of Jerusalem. After skirmishing down the Nile, the Crusaders are defeated near Giza and forced to retreat to Cairo.source
  • 1180Emperor Takakura is forced to abdicate by Taira no Kiyomori after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by his two-year-old son, Emperor Antoku, who will reign until 1185. Kiyomori assumes control of the government, ruling as regent in the child emperor's name.source
  • 1229Frederick II crowns himself as King of Jerusalem in an impromptu ceremony in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. After the ceremony, he proceeds to the palace of the Hospitallers – where he holds a council to discuss the defense of Jerusalem. Frederick orders the Tower of David and the Gate of St. Stephen are to be repaired at once and he hands over the royal residence attached to the Tower of David to the Teutonic Order.source
  • 1241Battle of Chmielnik (Mongol invasion of Poland): The Mongols overwhelm the feudal Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces, and plunder the abandoned city of Kraków.source
  • 1277Charles I, king of Sicily, buys the title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem from Maria of Antioch, for 1,000 bezants and an annual payment of 4,000 livres tournois.source
  • 1308Brothers Andrei Rurik and Lev II Rurik become the co-monarchs of Ruthenia (now part of Ukraine and Poland, with a capital at Lviv), upon the death of their father, King Yuri I of Galicia. The two brothers will reign until their deaths in 1323 at the Battle of Berestia against Mongol invaders.source
  • 1314Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templar and Geoffroi de Charney, are, by orders of King Philip IV of France ("Philip the Fair"), burned at the stake in front of the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris on the Île de la Cité in the Seine. Jacques declares his innocence and that the Templar Order is also innocent of all the charges of heresy. It is said that Jacques correctly predicts the deaths of both Philip and Pope Clement V within the year.source
  • 1316After leading a six-week-long revolt from Wales against England's, and retreating to Glamorgan, Welsh rebel Llywelyn Bren finally surrenders to King Edward's general, Humphrey de Bohun at Ystradfellte.source
  • 1346The French prepare to defend the channel coasts.source
  • 1369In a period of a few days, more than 800 communities in the Duchy of Aquitaine send requests to King Charles V of France for aid in escaping England's rule.source
  • 1395After Donato Acciaioli, Duke of Athens, rewards Captain Andrea Bembo for defending Athens against an Ottoman attack, Senate of the Republic of Venice votes to annex the Duchy of Athens.source
  • 1397The Duchy of Milan, led by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, declares war against the Republic of Florence, led by Chancellor Coluccio Salutati, on the Italian peninsula.source
  • 1399Richard II of England cancels the legal documents allowing the exiled Henry Bolingbroke to inherit his father's lands, leading to Henry's decision to overthrow King Richard.source
  • 1407Ming–Việt War: In Vietnam's Phung Hoa prefecture, the invading Chinese troops use a larger weapon, the da jiangjun chong cannon, to destroy more of the Viet ships.source
  • 1508Wilhelm IV becomes the new Duke of Bavaria upon the death of his father, Albrecht IV.source
  • 1509Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, names Margaretha land guardians of the Habsburg Netherlands.source
  • 1532The Supplication against the Ordinaries is presented to Henry VIII by Thomas More the Speaker of the House of Commons. Henry responds by stating that the Commons could hardly expect such consideration after they refused to assent to the government's proposals. Shortly afterwards, Parliament is prorogued until April 10.source
  • 1538Garcia de Noronha is appointed as the new Governor-General of Portuguese India by King João III. He sails to Goa and arrives less than three weeks later.source
  • 1543As flooding of the Mississippi continues De la Vega notes that today "while the Spaniards... were making a procession in honor of Our Redeemer's entrance into Jerusalem, the river entered the gates of the little village of Aminoya in the wildness and fury of its flood, and two days later on we could not pass through the streets except in canoes."source
  • 1554Princess Elizabeth is imprisoned in the Tower of London on charges of working with the organizers of Wyatt's rebellion for the overthrow of Queen Mary of England.source
  • 1560Battle of Glasgow: Scottish troops are cut to pieces by the French.source
  • 1566Mary returns to Edinburgh with an army raised by James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell.source
  • 1571The Order of the Knights of Saint John transfers the capital of Malta, from Birgu to Valletta.source
  • 1581The Parliament of England's Act against Reconciliation to Rome imposes heavy fines, for practising Roman Catholicism.source
  • 1586The Black Assize of Exeter begins in England as infected prisoners go on trial and an epidemic of typhus spreads quickly through the courtrooms above Exeter Prison. The disease is quickly transmitted from body lice on inmates who had been incarcerated in unsanitary conditions. In addition to prisoners who died from the disease, typhus claims the life of eight judges and 11 of the 12 jurors. Author Alexander Jenkins writes later, "A noisome and pestilential smell came from the prisoners who were arraigned at the crown bar which so affected the people present that many were seized with a violent sickness which proved mortal to the greatest part of them."source
  • 1594Two warships of the English Navy, commanded by Captain James Langton, complete a three-day raid on the Spanish city of Puerto de Caballos (now Puerto Cortés in Guatemala) and pillage the city.source
  • 1608Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia, at the ancient city of Axum.source
  • 1641The first diplomatic relations between Denmark-Norway and Portugal are established when Portuguese diplomats Francisco de Sousa Coutinho and António Moniz de Carvalho are sent to Copenhagen. Christian IV chose not to offer the diplomats a formal audience as he did not wish to compromise the neutrality of Denmark-Norway in the Spain as part of the Restoration War.source
  • 1643Irish Confederate Wars: Battle of New Ross – English troops defeat those of Confederate Ireland.source
  • 1643Irish Confederate Wars: Battle of New Ross in Ireland – English troops defeat those of Confederate Ireland.source
  • 1643Irish Confederate Wars: Battle of New Ross: James Butler, Earl of Ormonde, defeats Thomas Preston and a numerically superior Irish Confederate army north of the town of New Ross.source
  • 1662Carrosses à cinq sols, a short-lived experiment of the first public bus system (horse-drawn wagons holding eight passengers) begins in Paris as the idea of mathematician Blaise Pascal and financed by the Duc de Rouanez, with transportation to and from the Royal Square for the cost of five sous.source
  • 1662Carrosses à cinq sols - A short-lived experiment of the first public buses (holding 8 passengers) begins in Paris.source
  • 1670Petar Zrinski, the Viceroy of Croatia within the Holy Roman Empire, issues a proclamation urging Croatians to rebel against the Habsburg rulers. The uprising fails and Zrinski and his brother-in-law, Krsto Frankopan, are quickly arrested. Both are beheaded in Vienna on April 30, 1671.source
  • 1696Robert Charnock, who had been arrested for the Jacobite plot to kill King William is hanged at the Tower of London.source
  • 1716Italian Jesuit missionary Ippolito Desideri arrives in Lhasa to become one of the first Europeans to attempt to bring Christianity to Buddhist Tibet.source
  • 1718Edward Wortley Montagu, the four-year-old son of the British Ambassador to Turkey, becomes the first British person to be inoculated with the smallpox vaccine, administered by Dr. Charles Maitland at the request of Edward's mother, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.source
  • 1736the House of Commons of Ireland passes resolutions condemning the tithe of agistment on pasturage for dry and barren cattle.source
  • 1742Empress Elizabeth I of Russia issued a manifesto to the people of Finland, suggesting a possibility of an autonomous Finnish state.source
  • 1752The electors of the Republic of Venice (which includes not only a large part of northern Italy around the city of Venice, but portions of Eastern Europe along the Adriatic Sea) elect Francesco Loredan as their new executive, the Doge. Loredan's election comes 11 days after the death of the previous Doge, Pietro Grimani, but is not announced until after Easter Sunday.source
  • 1760The Directorate of Health is established. Jón Sveinsson is appointed the Director of Health.source
  • 1766American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act, which has been very unpopular in the British colonies; the persuasion of Benjamin Franklin is considered partly responsible. The Declaratory Act asserts the right of Britain to bind the colonies in all other respects.source
  • 1766The Stamp Act is repealed.source
  • 1772Björn Jónsson becomes the first fully licensed pharmacist in Iceland.source
  • 1773March 9–19 – Second voyage of James Cook: Tobias Furneaux in HMS Adventure explores the coast of Van Diemen's Land.source
  • 1788Great Sessions at Wrexham hear a graveyard dispute between the "Old" and "New" chapels at Llanuwchllyn.source
  • 1789Catherine Murphy, a counterfeiter, becomes the last woman in Britain to suffer a sentence of death by burning, at Newgate Prison in London (although she is in practice strangled before being burnt).source
  • 1793The first republican state in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.source
  • 1793Second Battle of Neerwinden: A coalition army of Habsburg monarchy and Dutch Republic troops repulses attacks from French Republican forces, near Neerwinden, Flemish Brabant.source
  • 1816Income tax abolished.source
  • 1828Simón Bolívar, President of Colombia (and former President of Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia), departs from the capital at Bogotá in order to help his ally, General José Antonio Páez, suppress an uprising near the Venezuelan border, but is sidetracked by another rebellion in Cartagena.source
  • 1829The Treaty of Amity and Commerce is signed between Brazil and the United States.source
  • 1831Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: An injunction requested by the Cherokee nation, claiming that Georgia's state legislature had created laws which, "go directly to annihilate the Cherokees as a political society", is denied.source
  • 1848At a Berlin barricade, fighting between revolutionaries and royalist forces marks the culmination of the German revolutions of 1848–49. As a result, King Frederick William IV of Prussia is forced to appoint a liberal government.source
  • 1848The Boston Public Library is founded by an act of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts.source
  • 1852Henry Wells and William Fargo create Wells Fargo & Company.source
  • 1863Joseph Allison becomes acting State President of the Orange Free State until 17 June during the absence of M.W. Pretorius.source
  • 1869March 18 (O. S. March 6) – Dmitri Mendeleev makes a formal presentation of his periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.source
  • 1870Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870, passed in British India by Natalia Fish.source
  • 1874Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States, granting exclusive trading rights.source
  • 1874The Dresden English Football Club is founded, the first association football club on the European mainland.source
  • 1891The London–Paris telephone system officially opens.source
  • 1892Sir Frederick Stanley, Governor General of Canada, announces his intention to donate the Stanley Cup for ice hockey.source
  • 1895The world's first gasoline bus route is started in Germany, between Siegen and Netphen.source
  • 1899Phoebe, the ninth-known moon of the planet Saturn is discovered by U.S. astronomer William Pickering from analysis of photographic plates made by a Peruvian observatory, the first discovery of a satellite photographically.source
  • 1901The province of Masbate is founded.source
  • 1905Albert Einstein submits his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light", in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta, for publication.source
  • 1905March 14 – 23 of the 26 crew of the British barque Kyber die when the ship is wrecked off England's Land's End.source
  • 1906In France, Romanian inventor Traian Vuia becomes the first person to achieve an unassisted takeoff in a heavier-than-air powered monoplane, but it is incapable of sustained flight.source
  • 1909Einar Dessau uses a shortwave radio transmitter in Denmark.source
  • 1910The first filmed version of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein comes out. Considered to be the first horror movie, it stars actor Charles Ogle as the monster.source
  • 1915Gallipoli campaign: A Franco-British naval attack on the Dardanelles fails.source
  • 1915British Royal Navy battleship HMS Dreadnought sinks German submarine U-29 with all hands in the Pentland Firth off the coast of Scotland by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship.source
  • 1920Greece begins using the Gregorian calendar.source
  • 1921The second Peace of Riga ends the Polish–Soviet War. A permanent border is established between the Polish and Soviet states.source
  • 1922In British India, Mahatma Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for sedition (he serves only two).source
  • 1922Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for sedition. He would serve only two years.source
  • 1925The Tri-State Tornado, the deadliest in U.S. history, rampages through Missouri, Illinois and Indiana, killing 695 people and injuring 2,027. It hits the towns of Murphysboro, Illinois; West Frankfort, Illinois; Gorham, Illinois; Ellington, Missouri; and Griffin, Indiana.source
  • 1925The Tri-State Tornado rampages through Missouri, Illinois and Indiana, killing 695 people and injuring 2,027. It hits the towns of Murphysboro, Illinois; Gorham, Illinois; Ellington, Missouri; and Griffin, Indiana. The storm's damage path is indicated at 378 km (235 mi).source
  • 1926A magnitude 6.9 earthquake, with a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe), occurs in the Mediterranean Sea southwest of Kaş in the Antalya Province. Some people are killed.source
  • 1936March 18–21. Strike action at Polish Rubber Factory Semperit in Kraków,source
  • 1936March 17–18 – Pittsburgh Flood of 1936 ("St. Patrick's Day Flood"): Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, suffers the worst flooding in its history.source
  • 1937New London School explosion: In the worst school disaster in American history in terms of lives lost, the New London School in New London, Texas, suffers a catastrophic natural gas explosion, killing in excess of 295 students and teachers. Mother Frances Hospital opens in Tyler, Texas, a day ahead of schedule, in response to the explosion.source
  • 1937Mother Frances Hospital opens in Tyler, Texas in response to the New London School explosion.source
  • 1938Mexico nationalizes all foreign-owned oil properties within its borders.source
  • 1939March 10–21 — 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)source
  • 1942Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, signs Executive Order 9102, creating the War Relocation Authority (WRA), which becomes responsible for the internment of Americans of Japanese and, to a lesser extent, German and Italian descent, many of them legal citizens.source
  • 1944WWII: The Nazis execute almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-fascist Romanians at Rîbnița.source
  • 1944The last eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26, and causes thousands to flee their homes.source
  • 1948The Round Table Conference convenes in The Hague, Netherlands, to prepare the decolonization process for the Caribbean island of Aruba and the other Dutch Colonies. Aruba presents the mandate of the Aruban People for Aruba to become an independent country, under the sovereignty of the House of Orange, based on Aruba's first state constitution presented officially since August 1947, and a (4th) member state of the future Dutch Commonwealth.source
  • 1953The Yenice–Gönen earthquake affects western Turkey, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (violent), causing at least 1,070 deaths, and $3.57 million in damage.source
  • 19531953 Yenice–Gönen earthquakesource
  • 1959U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Hawaii Admission Act, granting statehood to Hawaii.source
  • 1961A ceasefire takes effect in the Algerian War of Independence.source
  • 1961"Nous les amoureux" sung by Jean-Claude Pascal (music by Jacques Datin, lyrics by Maurice Vidalin) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1961 (staged in Cannes) for Luxembourg.source
  • 1962Évian Accords: France and Algeria sign an agreement in Évian-les-Bains, ending the Algerian War.source
  • 1962"Un premier amour", sung by Isabelle Aubret (music by Claude-Henri Vic, lyrics by Roland Stephane Valade), wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1962 (staged in Luxembourg) for France.source
  • 1962Luxembourg City hosts the Eurovision Song Contest 1962 after Jean-Claude Pascal's victory the previous year. Representing Luxembourg, Camillo Felgen finishes third with the song Petit bonhomme.source
  • 1963The president of the United States John F. Kennedy began a three-day visit to Costa Rica to meet with the presidents of Central America to promote his Alliance for Progress programme to resist the influence of communism, from Cuba and the Soviet Union, by providing American economic aid to promote economic development and political reform in Latin America.source
  • 1964Hayakawa Electric (the predecessor of today's Sharp) and Sony announce that they have completed a prototype electronic calculator using Japanese-manufactured diodes and transistors.source
  • 1965The Northern Ireland Minister for Agriculture, Harry West attends a meeting with his Southern counterpart, Charles Haughey, in Dublin.source
  • 1965A United States federal judge rules that the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) has the lawful right to march to Montgomery, Alabama to petition for 'redress of grievances'.source
  • 1965Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov leaves his Voskhod 2 spacecraft for 12 minutes, becoming the first person to walk in space.source
  • 1967Torrey Canyon oil spill: The supertanker SS Torrey Canyon runs aground between Land's End and the Scilly Isles off the coast of Britain, causing the biggest oil spill in history up to that point.source
  • 1967Shin Min Daily News is launched.source
  • 1968Jabidah massacre takes place when Army soldiers murdered a number of Moro recruits through machine gunfire in Corregidor Island in retaliation to the planned invasion of Sabah.source
  • 1968Gold standard: The United States Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back U.S. currency.source
  • 1969An annular solar eclipse is visible in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and is the 49th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 129.source
  • 1970General Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia and holds Queen Sisowath Kossamak under house arrest.source
  • 1970King Norodom Sihanouk is overthrowned in a coup.source
  • 1971A landslide in Chungar, Peru crashes into Yanawayin Lake, killing 200.source
  • 1973President Marcos announces that the insurgency in Mindanao has almost been crushed. This follows a fighting that has started in late February after a failed two-month amnesty program. The fighting in North Cotabato, the largest among others, between government troops and Moslem dissidents has killed about 300.source
  • 1973Comet Kohoutek is discovered.source
  • 1974In West Germany, the Bundestag passes the Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz ("Federal Emission Control Act").source
  • 1974Members of the World Council of Churches's Executive or Central Committee are banned from South Africa.source
  • 1974End of five-month oil embargo by most OPEC nations against the United States, Europe, and Japan which had caused the 1973 oil crisis.source
  • 1978Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan, is sentenced to death by hanging, for ordering the assassination of a political opponent.source
  • 1978California Jam II is held at the Ontario Motor Speedway in Ontario, California, attracting more than 300,000 fans.source
  • 1979Ten miners die in a methane gas explosion at Golborne Colliery near Wigan, Greater Manchester, England.source
  • 1982A legal case brought on behalf of Mary Whitehouse against the National Theatre of Britain concerning alleged obscenity in the play The Romans in Britain ends after the Attorney General intervenes.source
  • 1985Australia's longest-running soap opera, Neighbours, debuts on Seven Network.source
  • 1987Woodstock of physics: A marathon session of the American Physical Society's meeting features 51 presentations concerning the science of high-temperature superconductors.source
  • 1990Twelve paintings and a Shang dynasty vase, collectively worth $100 to $300 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts by two thieves posing as police officers.source
  • 1992In a radio broadcast from Kabul, Afghan President Mohammad Najibullah indicated his readiness to step down. UN envoy Benon Sevan reportedly influenced Najibullah's decision to make this statement.source
  • 1992Antonio Molina, singer (born 1928)source
  • 1992White South Africans vote in favour of political reforms which will end the apartheid regime and create a power-sharing multi-racial government.source
  • 1996The Ozone Disco Club fire in Quezon City, Philippines, kills 163 people.source
  • 1997The tail of a Russian An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey, causing the plane to crash, killing all 50 on board, and resulting in the grounding of all An-24s.source
  • 1997Cesária Évora's album Cabo Verde releasedsource
  • 1998death penalty was abolished in Estonia.source
  • 2000March 12–26 – Pope John Paul II visits Israel, and thus becomes the second pope to visit Israel. During his stay, the Pope visits Yad Vashem (the Israeli national Holocaust memorial) and the Western Wall placing a letter inside it in which he prayed for forgiveness for the actions against Jews in the past.source
  • 2002The Monterrey Consensus from the International Conference on Financing for Development begins in Nuevo Leon.source
  • 2004President John Kufuor launches National Health Insurance Scheme.source
  • 2015Gunmen attack the Bardo National Museum, adjacent to the parliament building in Tunis, killing at least 19 people.source
  • 2018In the Russian presidential election, Vladimir Putin is elected for a fourth term.source
  • 2018De facto Abkhazia and South Ossetia take part in the 2018 Russian presidential election, showing record turnout in voting, with local authorities organizing vote and campaigning for Vladimir Putin. Tbilisi condemns the polls as illegal.source
  • 2018March 9-18: Belarus takes part in the 2018 Winter Paralympics in PyeongChang, South Korea.source
  • 2018March 9–18 – The 2018 Winter Paralympics are held in Pyeongchang, South Korea.source
  • 2020All schools in the country were closed.source
  • 2023March 8–21 – The 2023 World Baseball Classic is held in, and won by, Japan.source
  • 2024Indian Prime Minister visits Bhutan. Both nations signs MoUs to strengthened ties, energy, infrastructure, and development.source
  • 2025Israel launches widespread aerial bombardments and attacks on the Gaza Strip, killing at least 591 people, including children, ending the ceasefire agreement reached in January.source

Births

  • 74Hyginus, bishop of Romesource
  • 1075Al-Zamakhshari, Persian philosopher (died 1144)source
  • 1128Stephen of Tournai, French bishop (died 1203)source
  • 1395John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, English military leader (died 1447)source
  • 1496Mary Tudor, Queen of Louis XII of France, daughter of Henry VII of England (died 1533)source
  • 1502Philibert de Chalon, Prince of Orange (d.1530)source
  • 1548Cornelis Ketel, Dutch painter (died 1616)source
  • 1552Polykarp Leyser the Elder, German theologian (died 1610)source
  • 1554Josias I, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1578-1588) (died 1588)source
  • 1555François, Duke of Anjou, youngest son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici (died 1584)source
  • 1578Adam Elsheimer, German artist working in Rome, who died at only thirty-two (died 1610)source
  • 1597Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, French nobleman, founder of Montreal and an order of nursing Sisters (died 1659)source
  • 1603Simon Bradstreet, English colonial magistrate (died 1697)source
  • 1609King Frederick III of Denmark (died 1670)source
  • 1609Frederick III of Denmark, king of Denmark and Norway (died 1670)source
  • 1679Matthew Decker, English merchant and writer (died 1749)source
  • 1679Matthew Decker, merchant and writer (died 1749)source
  • 1690Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (died 1764)source
  • 1782John C. Calhoun, vice president of the United States (died 1850)source
  • 1782John C. Calhoun, seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832 (died 1850)source
  • 1837Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (died 1908)source
  • 1844Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer (died 1908)source
  • 1847William O'Connell Bradley, American politician from Kentucky (died 1914)source
  • 1848Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, daughter of Queen Victoria (died 1939)source
  • 1869Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1940)source
  • 1877Edgar Cayce, American psychic (died 1945)source
  • 1936F. W. de Klerk, 7th and last State President of South Africa (died 2021)source
  • 1949Alex Higgins, Northern Irish snooker player (died 2010)source
  • 1966Jerry Cantrell, American guitarist and singersource

Deaths

  • 978King Edward the Martyr is murdered at Corfe Castle (Dorsetshire) upon the orders of his step-mother Ælfthryth (or Elfrida). He is succeeded by his half-brother Æthelred II (the Unready) who becomes king of England. During his reign Æthelred tries to keep his realm from being overrun by Danish Viking invaders.source
  • 978Edward the Martyr, king of the Englishsource
  • 1076Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Burgundysource
  • 1086Anselm of Lucca, Italian bishop (born 1036)source
  • 1103Sybilla of Conversano, Norman duchesssource
  • 1108Abe no Munetō, Japanese samurai (born 1032)source
  • 1187Bogusław I, duke of Pomerania (born 1130)source
  • 1227Honorius III, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1150)source
  • 1227Pope Honorius III dies at Rome after a pontificate of nearly 11 years. He is succeeded by Gregory IX as the 178th pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 1314Jacques de Molay, French nobleman and Grand Mastersource
  • 1314Geoffroy de Charney, French nobleman and preceptorsource
  • 1321Matthew III Csák, Hungarian nobleman and knightsource
  • 1405News reaches the Timurid Empire that Timur has died, and a period of mourning begins as he is interred at the Gur-e-Amir mausoleum in Samarkand, now in the Republic of Uzbekistan.source
  • 1448Catherine Quicquat, woman executed for witchcraft.source
  • 1508Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria (born 1447)source
  • 1584Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (born 1530)source
  • 1637Dorothea Elisabeth Christiansdatter, daughter of Christian IV (born 1629)source
  • 1677Marie Luise von Degenfeld, morganatic second wife of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine of Germany (born 1634)source
  • 1728George Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury (born 1660)source
  • 1745Robert Walpole, first Prime Minister of Great Britain (born 1676)source
  • 1745Robert Walpole, first Prime Minister of Great Britain (born 1676)source
  • 1746Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia, regent of Russia (born 1718)source
  • 1765Jens Kraft, philosopher (born 1720 in Norway)source
  • 1768Laurence Sterne, Irish writer (born 1713)source
  • 1781Anne Robert Turgot, French statesman (born 1727)source
  • 1845Johnny Appleseed, American pioneer (born 1774)source
  • 1871Origin of the Paris Commune: Troops of the regular French Army, sent by Adolphe Thiers, Chef du pouvoir executive de la République française, to seize cannons stored on the hill of Montmartre, fraternise with civilians and the National Guard, and two army generals are killed. Regular troops are evacuated to Versailles.source
  • 1871Augustus De Morgan, English professor of mathematics, mathematician (born 1806)source
  • 1913King George I of Greece (born 1845)source
  • 1929Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi, Uzbek author, composer, playwright, poet, scholar, and political activist (born 1889)source
  • 1936Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek statesman, several times Prime Minister (born 1864)source
  • 1963Sir Hubert Gough, British general (born 1870)source
  • 1965Farouk of Egypt, deposed king (born 1920)source
  • 1983Umberto II of Italy, 78, he briefly served as the King of Italy in 1946 and was the last monarch of the country, he died in exilesource