/year

September 23 in history

205 sourced entries recorded on September 23, from 63 BCE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 965Al-Mutanabbi, an Abbasid poet, returns from 5 years in Mesopotamia. He has lived at Shiraz under the protection of the Buyid emir 'Adud al-Dawla, but bandits kill him near An Numaniyah (modern Iran).source
  • 1100Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury returns to England from exile, at the invitation of Henry I.source
  • 1122The Concordat of Worms: Emperor Henry V recognizes freedom of election of the clergy and promises to restore all Church property. This brings an end to the power struggle between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire, known as the Investiture Controversy. In the aftermath, Cappenberg Abbey is founded by Count Gottfried II for the new order of Premonstratensians.source
  • 1187September 20–October 2 – Siege of Jerusalem: Egyptian army under Saladin captures Jerusalem, after the Crusaders led by Balian of Ibelin surrender the 'Holy City'. The take-over of the city is relatively peaceful; Saladin agrees to let the Muslims and Christians leave the city, taking with them their goods. Balian joins his wife Maria Komnene and family, in the County of Tripoli.source
  • 1307A marriage contract is concluded between the Otto IV, Count of Burgundy and King Philip IV of France for the marriage of Otto's 11-year-old daughter Blanche to the King's 13-year-old son, Prince Charles. The marriage takes place on February 2, 1308, but will be annulled on May 19, 1322, shortly after Prince Charles assumes the throne as King Charles IV.source
  • 1313The English Parliament is called into session for the fourth time in less than 12 months, after three unsuccessful attempts to assemble members. King Edward II persuades the session to pass a tax bill for revenues to be collected by the following June in order to finance a new campaign against Scotland.source
  • 1392Aleid van Poelgeest, the mistress of Count Albert of Holland, is found dead at the Altena Castle in The Hague, along with the Count's chamberlain, Willem Cuser, the victim of Hook nobles who were opposed to Count Albert.source
  • 1408The Battle of Othée is fought between the citizens of Liège and a professional army under command of John the Fearless. The militia of Liège suffers a heavy defeat.source
  • 1408Henry, Prince of Wales (later Henry V of England) retakes Aberystwyth from Owain Glyndŵr.source
  • 1424The Hussites, led by Jan Žižka, begin marching towards North Moravia to suppress the ongoing rebellion there.source
  • 1456Pope Calixtus III issues a papal bull granting a seven-year indulgence to any Christian who makes a pilgrimage to Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza in Spain's Kingdom of Aragonsource
  • 1459Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Blore Heath in the Kingdom of England, Yorkists under Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, defeat a Lancastrian force.source
  • 1459Wars of the Roses: at the Battle of Blore Heath in Staffordshire, Yorkists under Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury defeat a Lancastrian force.source
  • 1466Peace talks begin in the city of Nieszawka in Poland to end the Thirteen Years' War between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights.source
  • 1492Jan I Olbracht is crowned as King of Poland, more than three months after the death of his father, King Casimir IV.source
  • 1500Bobadilla hears testimony from 22 witnesses and concludes that the Columbus brothers intended to overthrow him; he has them placed in manacles and chains for deportation to Spain. ("La pesquisa de Bobadilla contra Colon habia comenzado el 23-IX-1500."— "Bobadilla's investigation against Colon had begun on 23 September 1500.")source
  • 1524The Bundesbrief is adopted by the members of the Three Leagues of Switzerland (the League of God's House, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions, and the Grey League) as a common constitution.source
  • 1546Pier Luigi Farnese, already the Duke of Parma and Piacenza, is given control of the Italian cities of Camerino and Nepi by after a donation to the Papal States, ruled by Pope Paul III.source
  • 1553The Sadians consolidate their power in Morocco, by defeating the last of their enemies.source
  • 1577The first Inuit to see Europe— Kalicho, Arnaq, and Arnaq's son, Nutaaq— are brought as captives of Martin Frobisher when HMS Gabriel arrived in England at Bristol. All three were captured on Baffin Island, and none of the three survive to the end of the year.source
  • 1581Martín Enríquez de Almanza arrives in Lima and becomes the new Viceroy of Peru, replacing Francisco de Toledo, who was summoned home by King Philip II.source
  • 1608The siege of the Troitsky monastery by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth begins in Russia north of Moscow, but fails after 16 months.source
  • 1617The Peace of Busza is signed, between the Ottoman Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.source
  • 1641The English ship Merchant Royal sinks off Cornwall along with its cargo of 100,000 lb of gold and 18 of its 58 crew. More than 380 years later, treasure seekers will still not have located the wreckage.source
  • 1641English ship Merchant Royal sinks off Land's End, Cornwall, along with its cargo of 100,000 lb of gold, much silver and coin and 18 of its 58 crew. The treasure will still be sought for in the 2020s.source
  • 1642First English Civil War: Royalist victory at the Battle of Powick Bridge, a skirmish near Worcester which is the first engagement between elements of the principal field armies of the War.source
  • 1646Le Cardinal arrives in Quebec (New France) with Jules Trottier II and his familysource
  • 1654Smolensk falls to the Russian Army after almost three months.source
  • 1655September 20 – September 30 - Battle of Nowy Dwór Mazowieckisource
  • 1664The French Navy ship Tigre sinks off of the coast of the island of Sardinia, with the loss of 64 men. Another 58 of the crew are rescued.source
  • 1669Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor grants the status and privileges of a university to the Jesuit Academy in Zagreb, the precursor to the modern University of Zagreb.source
  • 1699A total solar eclipse is visible in the northern hemisphere across Europe, the Middle East and north India.source
  • 1711Christmas Samuel is ordained at the request of his congregation at Panteg.source
  • 1722La Nouvelle-Orléans (New Orleans), recently established by France as the capital of the Louisiana Territory is hit by what is later called the "Great Hurricane of 1722", starting with 7 ft high waves, followed by winds in excess of 100 mph. By September 24, "Almost every public building in New Orleans, from the hospital to the cathedral" is "either unroofed or totally ruined."source
  • 1726Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues an order limiting the number of Jews who can be legally recognized as legitimate householders.source
  • 1749Grand Chief Jean-Baptiste Cope, of the Miꞌkmaq Indian nation in Canada, declares war against the British Empire after the building of the fort at Halifax, Nova Scotia and begins hostilities by taking 20 British hostages at Canso.source
  • 1749Harris finds "Madam Griffith" awaiting him at Trevecka, with the news that her husband, now bankrupt, has beaten her and thrown her out of the house for refusing to give him any more money.source
  • 1757The "Raid on Rochefort" is carried out as a pre-emptive strike by Great Britain to neutralize France's Arsenal de Rochefort before the French Navy can carry out plans to invade England. Led by Royal Navy Admiral Edward Hawke, HMS Neptune and six other vessels sail in and capture the Île-d'Aix and its battery of cannons, effectively blocking the departure of any ships from the mouth of the Charante river.source
  • 1766John Penn, the Colonial Governor of Pennsylvania and one of the four Penn family owners of the Pennsylvania land grant, issues a proclamation forbidding British American colonist residents from building settlements on lands in the west "not yet purchased of the Nations" of the Iroquois Indians.source
  • 1768September 22–29 – The Massachusetts Convention of Towns, assembling in Boston, resolves on a written objection to the impending arrival of British troops rather than more militant action but causes panic in London.source
  • 1779American Revolutionary War – Battle of Flamborough Head – The American ship Bonhomme Richard, commanded by John Paul Jones, engages the British ship HMS Serapis. The Bonhomme Richard sinks, but the Americans board the Serapis and other vessels, and are victorious.source
  • 1794Magdalena Rudenschöld is pilloried in Stockholm for her part in the Armfelt Conspiracy.source
  • 1798Battle of Killala: in the last land battle of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, British troops defeat the remaining rebel Irish and French forces at Killala.source
  • 1799Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford, the Governor of British Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka), issues a proclamation declaring that the laws of the Netherlands for the conquered Dutch Ceylon shall be enforced until superseded by new laws.source
  • 1803Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye – British-led troops defeat Maratha forces.source
  • 1806The Lewis and Clark Expedition reaches St. Louis, Missouri, ending a successful exploration of the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest. Their arrival comes "much to the amazement of residents, who had given the travelers up for dead" according to one historian.source
  • 1810The Republic of West Florida declares independence from Spain.source
  • 1815The Great September Gale of 1815 is the first hurricane to strike New England in 180 years.source
  • 1818Border markers are formally installed for the European territory of Moresnet.source
  • 1821September 23 (O.S.)/October 5 (N.S.) – The Siege of Tripolitsa ends when Greek rebels capture the city of Tripoli, Greece; the massacre of 8,000 civilians follows. (Greek forces under the command of General Theodoros Kolokotronis have besieged the city for several months during the Greek War of Independence from Turkey and the Ottoman Empire.)source
  • 1823Cadiz falls to the French, ending the liberal revolution and restoring Ferdinand VII to the thronesource
  • 1823First Anglo-Burmese War: Burmese forces attack the British on Shapura, an island close to Chittagong.source
  • 1823First Burmese War: Burmese attack the British on Shapura, an island close to Chittagong.source
  • 1826The New Zealand Company agents aboard the Rosanna complete the purchase of 'Pakatu' (Pakatoa), 'Taratora' (Rotoroa), 'Ponue' (Ponui) and 'Pake' (Pakihi) Islands in the Hauraki Gulf. They then become frightened of the local Māori, change their minds almost immediately, sell up and leave for the Bay of Islands.source
  • 1842Education Act stipulates that each local authority must maintain at least one primary school.source
  • 1846Discovery of Neptune: The planet is observed for the first time by German astronomers Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, as predicted by British astronomer John Couch Adams and French astronomer Urbain Le Verrier.source
  • 1853occupancy of the present site of the Melbourne Cricket Ground, which was part of a 'police paddock', was given to the Melbourne Cricket Club by Lieutenant Governor Charles La Trobe. This followed the forced resumption of land from the then-15-year-old Club to build Australia's first steam train railway.source
  • 1856The town of Perth, Western Australia, is proclaimed a City by letters patent from Queen Victoria.source
  • 1865Brussels city council approves plans for the covering of the Senne.source
  • 1868Grito de Lares: Rebels (some 400–600 led by Ramón Emeterio Betances) in the town of Lares declare Puerto Rico independent; the local militia easily defeats them a week later.source
  • 1868September 19–27 - Glorious Revolution (Spain)source
  • 1879The Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society is founded.source
  • 1884September 23–24 (night) – Steamship Arctique runs aground near Cape Virgenes, leading to the discovery of nearby placer gold and beginning the Tierra del Fuego gold rush.source
  • 1889The Nintendo Koppai (later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded in Japan by Fusajiro Yamauchi, to produce and market Hanafuda playing cards.source
  • 1893The Baháʼí Faith is first publicly mentioned in the United States, at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago.source
  • 1910Brussels Convention on Assistance and Salvage at Sea concluded.source
  • 1913French aviator Roland Garros crosses the Mediterranean in an airplane flying from Fréjus, France to Bizerte, Tunisia.source
  • 1921Entente demands Hungary evacuate Zone B and Csource
  • 19241924 Leningrad floodingsource
  • 1926Gene Tunney defeats Jack Dempsey to become heavyweight boxing champion of the world.source
  • 1928The Western Wall incident occurs at the Western Wall in Jerusalem, leading to Muslim fears of Jewish intentions to take possession of the Al Aqsa Mosque and triggering intercommunal violence that later spreads across Mandatory Palestine.source
  • 1932The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is proclaimed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, concluding the country's unification under the rule of King Abdulaziz.source
  • 1932Ryutin Affair: Martemyan Ryutin and others in the Union of Marxists-Leninists are arrested.source
  • 1940September 22–26 – Japanese invasion of French Indochinasource
  • 1941The 1941 Texas hurricane makes landfall near Bay City, Texas, causing extensive damage and flooding in Galveston and Houston.source
  • 1943WWII: The Italian Social Republic ("Republic of Salò") is founded in northern Italy as a puppet state of Nazi Germany.source
  • 1943September 22–October 2 – WWII: Landing at Scarlet Beach on the Huon Peninsula of New Guinea by Allied forces, the first time Australian troops have made an opposed amphibious landing since the Gallipoli Campaign of 1915.source
  • 1952According to Japan Coast Guard official confirmed report, a Kaiyō-maru five entrained by the eruption into Myōjin-shō, all 31 crew were human fatalities.source
  • 1953The Pact of Madrid is signed by Francoist Spain and the United States of America, ending a period of virtual isolation for Spain.source
  • 1955"Baghdad Pact": Military treaty among Iraq, Turkey, the U.K., Pakistan, and Iran is ratified by Pakistan.source
  • 1955September 21–30 – Hurricane Janet, one of the strongest North Atlantic tropical cyclones on record, sweeps the Lesser Antilles and Mexico, causing more than 1,020 deaths.source
  • 1959September 15–28 – USSR Premier Nikita Khrushchev and his wife tour the United States, at the invitation of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower.source
  • 1959The MS Princess of Tasmania, Australia's first passenger roll-on/roll-off diesel ferry, makes her maiden voyage across the Bass Strait.source
  • 1962Flying Tiger Line Flight 923, a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation registered as N6923C, ditched into the Atlantic Ocean killing 28 occupants out of 76 on board. The remaining 48 were rescued six hours later.source
  • 1963British Enkalon synthetic fibre factory opens in Antrim.source
  • 1963King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals is established by a Saudi Royal Decree as the College of Petroleum and Minerals.source
  • 1965Roma Mitchell is appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia, the first woman to become a judge in Australia.source
  • 1968Vietnam War: The Tet Offensive comes to an end in South Vietnam.source
  • 1969China carries out an underground nuclear bomb test.source
  • 1969Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, a film starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford, opens to limited release in the U.S.source
  • 1969September 22–25 – An Islamic conference in Rabat, Morocco, following the al-Aqsa Mosque fire (August 21), condemns the Israeli claim of ownership of Jerusalem.source
  • 1972Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos announces on national television the issuance of Proclamation No. 1081 placing the entire country under martial law.source
  • 1972President Marcos orders the arrest of his political opponents. Senator Aquino, also leader of the opposition Liberal Party (LP) and his main political rival, is the first to be arrested by the military for being a "communist collaborator", at the Hilton Hotel in Manila.source
  • 1973Argentine general election, September 1973: The second general election is held, following the resignation of Vice President Vicente Solano Lima and Senate President Alejandro Díaz Bialet. The runners-up in the March elections — Ricardo Balbín (UCR) and Francisco Manrique (APF) — again accepted their respective parties' nominations, with Manrique obtaining the endorsement of the PDP and naming its leader as his running mate. Juan Perón, with his wife Isabel Perón as his running mate, win with a record landslide on the same FREJULI umbrella ticket on which Cámpora had been elected only six months earlier.source
  • 1977The Netherlands suspends its cultural agreement with South Africa.source
  • 1978California Angels outfielder Lyman Bostock is shot to death at age 27 while visiting friends in Gary, Indiana during an Angels' road trip in Chicago, Illinois.source
  • 1982Amine Gemayel, brother of Bachir, is elected president of Lebanon.source
  • 1983Gulf Air Flight 771 crashes in the United Arab Emirates after a bomb explodes in the baggage compartment, killing 117.source
  • 1983September 23 1983 - A bomb explodes on Gulf Air Flight 771, killing all 112 people on board.source
  • 1983Violence erupts in New Caledonia between native Kanaks and French expatriates. The French government withdraws the promise of independence.source
  • 1987The United States and Poland agree to exchange ambassadors after a four-year break in relations.source
  • 1989Nintendo Company Ltd. celebrates its 100th anniversary.source
  • 1991September 21 – 30 – Iraq disarmament crisis: IAEA inspectors discover files on Iraq's hidden nuclear weapons program. Iraqi officials refuse to let them leave with the documents, prompting a standoff that continues until the UN Security Council threatens enforcement actions on Iraq.source
  • 1993The International Olympic Committee selects Sydney, Australia, to host the 2000 Summer Olympics.source
  • 1996The section of the A1 motorway between Irrgarten and Kirchberg opens, completing the motorway and also the south-eastern bypass of Luxembourg City.source
  • 1998Helios Airways, the first independent, privately owned airline in the country, was founded.source
  • 1999NASA permanently loses contact with the Mars Climate Orbiter during orbital insertion around Mars, resulting in the spacecraft's loss and the failure of the mission.source
  • 2002September 14–27 – Hurricane Isidore crosses Cuba, the Yucatán Peninsula, and Louisiana.source
  • 2002September 21–October 4 – Hurricane Lili crosses Cuba and several other Caribbean islands before making landfall in Louisiana.source
  • 2003AMD releases the Athlon 64, the first 64-bit processor to be released for consumer use.source
  • 2005September 17-25 - Croatia hosted the 2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship in Pula and Zagreb.source
  • 2006Ali Abdullah Saleh, in office since 1978, is re-elected as President of Yemen with 77.2% of the votes, prompting allegations of electoral fraud from the Yemeni opposition coalition.source
  • 2006A Shree Air Mil Mi-8 helicopter crashes in Ghunsa, Taplejung killing 24 on board including prominent conservationists.source
  • 2008HTC Dream, the first smartphone powered by Android, was launched.source
  • 2013At least 25 people are dead in Hong Kong and southern China after Typhoon Usagi passes through with the storm having killed eight people in the Philippines.source
  • 2019One of the largest and oldest travel firms, Thomas Cook, goes bankrupt as last-minute rescue negotiations fail, stranding 600,000 tourists worldwide.source
  • 2022Bhutan reopens, scrapping COVID-19 related restrictions.source
  • 2022September 14–September 25 – The Atlantic hurricane Fiona hits Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, the Lucayan Archipelago, Bermuda, and Eastern Canada.source
  • 2022September 22 – October 1 – The 2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup is held in Sydney, Australia. In the final, the United States wins 83–61 against China.source
  • 2023An Ilyushin Il-76 military transport plane reportedly linked to the Wagner Group crashed in Gao International Airport after exceeding the runway.source

Births

  • 63 BCEAugustus, first Roman Emperor (died AD 14)source
  • 1158Geoffrey II, duke of Brittany (died 1186)source
  • 1215Kublai Khan, Mongol emperor (died 1294)source
  • 1291Bolesław III, Polish nobleman and knight (died 1352)source
  • 1434Yolande of Valois, Duchess consort of Savoy (died 1478)source
  • 1434Yolande of Valois, princess (d.1478)source
  • 1495Bagrat III of Imereti, King of Imereti (died 1565)source
  • 1505Anne de Laval, Viscountess of Thouars, French noblewoman and nominal pretender to the Kingdom of Naples (died 1554)source
  • 1508Simon Sulzer, Swiss theologian (died 1585)source
  • 1513Hans Buser, Swiss noble (died 1544)source
  • 1519Francis, Count of Enghien, French military leader (died 1546)source
  • 1569Tachibana Ginchiyo, female samurai leader of the Tachibana clan in Japan (died 1602)source
  • 1583Christian II, Elector of Saxony from 1591 to 1611 (died 1611)source
  • 1597Francesco Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1679)source
  • 1598Eleonora Gonzaga, Holy Roman Empress, married to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1655)source
  • 1647Joseph Dudley, colonial Governor of Massachusetts (died 1720)source
  • 1650Jeremy Collier, English theatre critic, non-juror bishop and theologian (died 1726)source
  • 1687Adam Christopher Knuth, 1st Count of Knuthenborg (died 1736)source
  • 1698Lewis Morris, colonial American judge (died 1762)source
  • 1701Bredo von Munthe af Morgenstierne, civil servant, Supreme Court justice and landowner (died 1757).source
  • 1713Ferdinand VI, king of Spain (died 1759)source
  • 1740Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (died 1813)source
  • 1740Empress Go-Sakuramachi (died 1813)source
  • 1756John Loudon McAdam, Scottish engineer, road-builder (died 1836)source
  • 1771Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (died 1840)source
  • 1791Theodor Körner, German author, soldier (died 1813)source
  • 1916Aldo Moro, 38th Prime Minister of Italy (died 1978)source
  • 1920Mickey Rooney, American actor, dancer and entertainer (died 2014)source
  • 1926John Coltrane, American jazz saxophonist (died 1967)source
  • 1949Bruce Springsteen, American singer, songwriter (Born in the USA)source
  • 1951Shehbaz Sharif, Pakistani politician and businessman, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2022-present)source
  • 1974Matt Hardy, American professional wrestlersource
  • 1988Juan Martín del Potro, Argentine tennis playersource

Deaths

  • 788Ælfwald I, king of Northumbriasource
  • 965Al-Mutanabbi, Abbasid poet (born 915)source
  • 1143Pope Innocent II dies at Rome after a 13-year pontificate. He is succeeded by Celestine II as the 165th pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 1143Pope Innocent II, pontiff of the Catholic Churchsource
  • 1173Fujiwara no Ikushi, Japanese empress consort (born 1146)source
  • 1193Robert IV, French nobleman and Grand Mastersource
  • 1241Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (born 1178)source
  • 1241Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic saga writer, is murdered by Gissur Þorvaldsson, an emissary of King Haakon IV of Norway.source
  • 1253Wenceslaus I, king of Bohemia (born 1205)source
  • 1267Beatrice of Provence, countess regnant of Provence (born 1234)source
  • 1267Beatrice of Provence, Countess Regnant of Provence (born 1229)source
  • 1299Nicolas de Nonancourt, French chancellorsource
  • 1386Dan I of Wallachia (in battle)source
  • 1386Dan I of Wallachia (modern-day southern Romania) is killed in battle against the Bulgarians and is succeeded by Mircea the Elder, one of the greatest rulers of Wallachia.source
  • 1390John I, Duke of Lorraine (born 1346)source
  • 1448Adolph I, Duke of Cleves (born 1373)source
  • 1452Pope Matthew II of Alexandria is elected as the new Patriarch of the Coptic Christian Church, succeeding Pope John XI, who died on May 4.source
  • 1459Thomas Dutton, English knight (born 1421) — killed at the Battle of Blore Heathsource
  • 1459James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley (born 1400) — killed at the Battle of Blore Heathsource
  • 1461Charles, Prince of Viana, King of Navarre (born 1421)source
  • 1463Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, Italian noble (born 1421)source
  • 1464Bernardo Rossellino, Italian sculptor and architect (born 1409)source
  • 1465Pope Matthew II of Alexandria, leader of the Coptic Christian Church, dies after a reign of 13 years. The Coptic papacy will remain vacant for five months until the election of Gabriel VI as the new Pope.source
  • 1468Sejo of Joseon, King of Joseon (born 1417)source
  • 1492Peter Courtenay, English bishop and politiciansource
  • 1508Beatrice of Naples, queen consort of Hungary (born 1457)source
  • 1523After receiving word from Malaya that Portuguese forces were attacking the Sultanate of Patani and the Malacca Sultanate on the Malaysian peninsula, the Chinese Emperor Zhengde orders extermination of all persons from Portugal, 23 envoys from Portugal are executed and mutilated.source
  • 1535Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (born 1513)source
  • 1535Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg, queen of Sweden (born 1513)source
  • 1571John Jewel, English Anglican bishop (born 1522)source
  • 1582Louis, Duke of Montpensier (born 1513)source
  • 1604Gabriel Vásquez, Spanish theologian (born 1549)source
  • 1666Hannibal Sehested, diplomat (born 1609)source
  • 1693Manuel Afonso Nzinga a Nlenke, ruling as King Manuel I of the Kingdom of Kongo (in present-day northern Angola) is executed on orders of the new king, Álvaro X.source
  • 1738Herman Boerhaave, Dutch humanist, physician (born 1668)source
  • 1764Robert Dodsley, English writer (born 1703)source
  • 1766John Brown, English divine and author (born 1715)source
  • 1773Johan Ernst Gunnerus, bishop and botanist (born 1718)source
  • 1789Silas Deane, American Continental Congressman for Connecticut (born 1737)source
  • 1830Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (born 1768)source
  • 1835Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (born 1801)source
  • 1870Prosper Mérimée, French writer (born 1803)source
  • 1871Louis-Joseph Papineau, Canadian politician (born 1786)source
  • 1882Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (born 1800)source
  • 1883Seah Eu Chin, Singaporesource
  • 1888François Achille Bazaine, French general (born 1811)source
  • 1900Arsenio Martínez Campos, Prime Minister of Spain (born 1831)source
  • 1902John Wesley Powell, American explorer (born 1834)source
  • 1939Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychoanalyst (born 1856)source
  • 1941September 16–30 – The Nikolaev massacre takes place in Mykolaiv (Soviet Union); 35,782 men, women and children, mostly Jews, are killed by Einsatzgruppe D and local collaborators.source
  • 1985Italian crime reporter Giancarlo Siani is killed by the Camorra.source
  • 2019September 19 – 30 Afghan nut farmers are killed and 40 injured in a U.S. drone attack in Nangarhar Province.source