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Latin

Indo-European language of the Italic branch

43 dated entries naming Latin, drawn from 43 separate years between 670 BCE and 1928 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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7th century BC

3rd century BC

  • 268 BCEThe Romans found a colony at Malventum which they, for superstitious reasons, call Beneventum (since male means bad and bene means good in Latin).source
  • 240 BCEThe first Latin tragedy by Livius Andronicus, Achilles, is first produced.source
  • 235 BCEA work by the Latin epic poet and dramatist Gnaeus Naevius is performed for the first time.source
  • 201 BCEGnaeus Naevius, Latin epic poet and dramatist of the Old Latin period, who invented a new genre of written historical plays called fabulae praetextae, which are based on Roman historical or legendary figures and events (b. c. 264 BC).source

2nd century BC

  • 184 BCETitus Macchius Plautus, Roman comic dramatist, whose works, loosely adapted from Greek plays, established a truly Roman drama in the Latin language (b. c. 254 BC)source
  • 169 BCEQuintus Ennius, Roman epic poet, dramatist, and satirist, the most influential of the early Latin poets – and often called the founder of Roman literature or the father of Roman poetry. His epic Annales, a poem telling the story of Rome from the wanderings of Aeneas to Ennius' own time, remains the national epic until it is later eclipsed by Virgil's Aeneid.source
  • 159 BCEPublius Terentius Afer (Terence), Roman comic dramatist, the author of six verse comedies that are long regarded as models of pure Latin (b. c. 195 BC) (approximate date).source
  • 105 BCEDecimus Laberius, Roman nobleman and Latin writer (d. 43 BC)source

1st century BC

  • 94 BCEThe first (failed) attempt to open a Latin rhetorical school.source
  • 82 BCEQuintus Valerius Soranus, Roman politician and Latin poet (executed by order of Sulla)source
  • 14 BCELucius Varius Rufus, Roman Latin poet and writersource
  • 12 BCESextius Propertius, Roman Latin poet and writer (b. c. 50–45 BC)source

1st century

  • 4AD 4 – Columella, Roman Latin writer (d. AD 70)source
  • 17Gaius Julius Hyginus, Roman Latin writersource
  • 38Marcus Valerius Martialis, Roman Latin poet (approximate date)source

4th century

  • 321Calcidius translates Plato into Latin.source
  • 390Jerome, having finished the Latin translation of the New Testament, begins translating the Old Testament.source

5th century

  • 405Jerome's Vulgate translation of the Bible into Latin is completed by his translations of the Tanakh from the Hebrew language.source
  • 459Emperor Leo I signs a peace treaty with the Ostrogoths. King Theodemir sends his son, the future Theodoric the Great, age 5, as a child hostage to Constantinople. He learns at court about Latin, military tactics and religion (until 469).source

6th century

  • 530Venantius Fortunatus, Latin poet and bishop (approximate date) (d. 600)source

7th century

  • 609Venantius Fortunatus, Latin poet and bishop (or 600)source
  • 610October 3 – Heraclian revolt: Heraclius arrives with a fleet from Africa at Constantinople. Assisted by an uprising in the capital, he overthrows and personally beheads Emperor Phocas. Heraclius gains the throne with help from his father Heraclius the Elder. His first major act is to change the official language of the Byzantine Empire from Latin to Greek (already the language of the vast majority of the population).source
  • 643King Rothari of the Lombards issues the Edictum Rothari, which is the first codification of Lombard law (written in Latin). The edict guarantees rights only for Lombard subjects.source

8th century

  • 746King Ratchis codifies the Lombard laws, promulgated in Latin, and advised by his council and the Lombard army (approximate date).source

9th century

  • 852March 4 – Trpimir I, duke (knez) of Croatia, and founder of the Trpimirović dynasty, issues a first state document in Bijaći of all Slavonic peoples. In this Latin document Trpimir refers to himself as the "duke of the Croats" (dux Chroatorum), and to his country as the "state of the Croats" (regnum Chroatorum).source
  • 880Pope John VIII issues the bull Industriae Tuae, creating an independent ecclesiastical province in Great Moravia, with archbishop Methodius as its head. Old Church Slavonic is recognized as the fourth liturgical language, besides Latin, Greek and Hebrew.source
  • 899October 26 – King Alfred the Great dies after a 28-year reign in which he has forced invading Danish Vikings to withdraw, consolidated England around Wessex, divided parts of Mercia into shires, compiled the best laws of earlier kings, encouraged learning by bringing famous scholars to Wessex and made his own translations of Latin works. He is succeeded by his eldest son, Edward the Elder as king of Wessex.source

11th century

  • 1027The Book of Healing (Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitab Al-Shifaʾ, Latin: Sufficientia), a comprehensive scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by the Persian polymath Avicenna (Abū ʿAlī ibn Sīnā), is published.source
  • 1080King Alfonso VI ("the Brave") of León and Castile establishes Latin liturgy in the Catholic Church, in place of the Hispanic Rite.source

12th century

  • 1126Adelard of Bath, an English philosopher, translates Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī's arithmetic and astronomical works into Latin.source
  • 1143Robert of Ketton makes the first European translation of the Qur'an for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, into Latin.source
  • 1146Adam of Saint Victor, French Latin poet and composersource

13th century

  • 1229March 6 – University of Paris strike: Students begin to riot, after a dispute over a bill with a tavern proprietor. Queen Blanche of Castile demands retribution, and allows the city guard to punish the student rioters. She puts an economic strain upon the student quarter of Paris (the Latin Quarter), where Latin is commonly heard in the streets.source
  • 1270Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.source
  • 1286March 7 – The Catholicon, a religious Latin dictionary, is completed by John of Genoa.source

15th century

  • 1471Marsilio Ficino's translation of the Corpus Hermeticum into Latin, De potestate et sapientia Dei, is published.source
  • 1473February 12 – The first complete inside edition of Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine (Latin translation) is published in Milan.source

16th century

  • 1516c. December – Thomas More's most famous work, Utopia, completed this year, is published in Leuven (in Latin).source

18th century

  • 1704Chinese Rites controversy: Rome decrees that Roman ceremonial practice in Latin (not in Chinese) is to be the law for Chinese missions.source
  • 1733March 25 – English replaces Latin and Law French as the official language of English and Scottish courts following the enforcement of the Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730.source
  • 1786February 2 – In a speech before The Asiatic Society in Calcutta, Sir William Jones notes the formal resemblances between Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, laying the foundation for comparative linguistics and Indo-European studies.source

20th century

  • 1928November 1 – Turkey passes a law switching the country from the Arabic to the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.source

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