1270 CE

(10 Nehasé 1262) – Yekuno Amlak overthrows the Ethiopian Zagwe dynasty, claims the imperial throne and establishes the Solomonic Dynasty, which will last until 1974. The Nizari Ismaili garrison of Gerdkuh, Persia surrender after 17 years to the Mongols. Crucial aspects of the philosophy of Averroism (itself based on Aristotle's works) are banned by the Roman Catholic Church, in a condemnation enacted by papal authority at the University of Paris.

In the 1270s, the 13th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • August 10 (10 Nehasé 1262) – Yekuno Amlak overthrows the Ethiopian Zagwe dynasty, claims the imperial throne and establishes the Solomonic Dynasty, which will last until 1974.source
  • The independent state of Kutch is founded, in present-day India.source

Conflict & Security

  • February 16 – Livonian Crusade - Battle of Karuse: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order decisively, on the frozen surface of the Baltic Sea.source
  • October 30 – The siege of Tunis and the Eighth Crusade end, through an agreement between Charles I of Sicily (Louis IX's brother) and Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Khalif of Tunis.source
  • December 15 – The Nizari Ismaili garrison of Gerdkuh, Persia surrender after 17 years to the Mongols.source
  • The ancient city of Ascalon is captured from the Crusader States, and utterly destroyed by the Mamluk sultan Baibars, who goes so far as to fill in its important harbor, leaving the site desolate, and the city never to be rebuilt.source
  • The city of Tabriz, in present-day Iran, is made capital of the Mongol Ilkhanate Empire (approximate date).source
  • Before August – King Louis IX of France launches the Eighth Crusade, in an attempt to recapture the Crusader States from the Mamluk sultan Baibars; the opening engagement is a siege of Tunis.source
  • In Korea, the Sambyeolcho Rebellion begins against the Goryeo dynasty, a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty.source
  • Battle of Áth-an-Chip: The army of the Kingdom of Connacht routs the English army near Carrick-on-Shannon.Irelandsource

Religion & Belief

  • December – Crucial aspects of the philosophy of Averroism (itself based on Aristotle's works) are banned by the Roman Catholic Church, in a condemnation enacted by papal authority at the University of Paris.source
  • The Summa Theologica, a work by Thomas Aquinas that is considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its theology, is completed (year uncertain).source
  • The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin, from a Hebrew version by John of Capua.source
  • The cathedral on the Rock of Cashel in Ireland is completed.source
  • Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall, donates to the Cistercian Hailes Abbey in England (his father's foundation) a phial held to contain the Blood of Christ, acquired in the Holy Roman Empire; this becomes such a magnet for pilgrimage that within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale.source
  • The cathedral on the Rock of Cashel is completed.Irelandsource

Science & Discovery

  • The Chronicle of Melrose is ended.source

Health & Medicine

  • A census of the Chinese city of Hangzhou establishes that some 186,330 families reside within it, not including visitors and soldiers (Historian Jacques Gernet argues that this means a population of over 1 million inhabitants, making Hangzhou the most populous city in the world).source

Culture & Society

  • September 1 – King Stephen V of Hungary writes his walk to the antiquum castellum near Miholjanec, where the Sword of Attila has been recently discovered.source
  • Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.source
  • Construction of the Old New Synagogue in Prague is completed.source

Births

  • March 12 – Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III of France (died 1325)source
  • Michael of Cesena, Franciscan theologian (died 1342)source
  • approximate – William Wallace, Scottish patriotsource
  • Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany (died 1323)source
  • Namdev, Marathi saint and poet (died 1350)source
  • Cino da Pistoia, Italian poet (died 1336)source
  • Theodore Metochites, Byzantine statesman and authorsource
  • Tanaide Mor mac Dúinnín Ó MaolconaireIrelandsource

Deaths