/year

June 30 in history

193 sourced entries recorded on June 30, from 24 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 24The terms of Servius Cornelius Cethegus and Lucius Visellius Varro as Roman consuls expire. During their terms, two laws pertaining to slavery had been passed, the lex Visellia de iure Quiritium Latinorum qui inter vigiles militaverant granting freed slaves Roman citizenship after six years service, and the Lex Visellia de poenis libertinorum qui ingenuorum honores usurpabant which penalized non-citizens who falsely claimed to be ingenui or freeborn Romans.source
  • 350Nepotianus is defeated and killed by Marcellinus, a trusted general sent by Magnentius. His head is put on a spear and carried around the city.source
  • 636Fifth Council of Toledo: Chintila orders a meeting in the church of St. Leocadia; the bishops accept a decree that only Gothic nobility (with military functions) may be king of the Visigothic Kingdom.source
  • 1178Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) is crowned King of Burgundy at Arles. He will repeat the ceremony in 1186. Returning to Germany, he begins proceedings against Henry III (the Lion), duke of Saxony, who has been charged by Saxon noblemen with breaking the king's peace.source
  • 1187Saladin sends a contingent to block Tiberias and challenges the Crusaders by moving his main camp closer to Saffuriya – some 10 km west of Lake Tiberias. On July 1, he sends scouts to monitor an alternative road on his northern flank that connects Saffuriya and Tiberias. The following day he attacks Tiberias with a part of his forces, including siege equipment.source
  • 1208Battle of Philippopolis: Bulgarian forces under Emperor (tsar) Boril are defeated by the Latin army (some 30,000 men) led by Emperor Henry of Flanders, near modern-day Plovdiv, Bulgaria.source
  • 1256A large volcanic eruption in Harrat Rahat (near Medina) is associated with an Islamic prophecy.source
  • 1379New College, Oxford, is founded in England by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester.source
  • 1409The Battle of Sanluri is fought at Sardinia between the Kingdom of Sicily and the Judicate of Arborea.source
  • 1417In France, the Baron of Trévoux reverses a ban against the town's Jewish population, and allows them to study the Talmud without interference.source
  • 1451French troops under Jean de Dunois invade Guyenne, and capture Bordeaux.source
  • 1451French forces capture Bordeaux.source
  • 1462At the Battle of Seckenheim, Frederick I, as Elector of Palatine, is victorious over four other opponents.source
  • 1498The Wiener Hofmusikkapelle, a forerunner of the Vienna Boys' Choir, is founded by order of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, instructing officials of the imperial court at Vienna to employ a vocal teacher (singing master), two bass singers and six boys.source
  • 1500Sultan Abu Sa'id Qansuh of Egypt is overthrown and sent into exile. Al-Ashraf Abu al-Nasir Janbalat is crowned as the new Mamluk sultan, but reigns for less than six months.source
  • 1521Battle of Esquiroz: French forces under André de Foix, fighting for the exiled King of Navarre Henri d'Albret, are defeated by the Spanish, and forced to abandon their attempt to recover Henri's kingdom.source
  • 1521Battle of Esquiroz: French forces under Henri d'Albret, exiled King of Navarre, are defeated by the Spanish and forced to abandon their attempt to recover Henri's kingdom.source
  • 1548The Augsburg Interim, approved May 15, is codified into law in the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • 1559King Henry II of France participates in a jousting tournament at the Place des Vosges in Paris, where French nobles are celebrating the marriage of Princess Elisabeth to King Philip of Spain. During competition against Gabriel de Lorges, Count of Montgomery, commander of King Henry's bodyguards, the Garde Écossaise, King Henry is struck in the eye by a splinter from Montgomery's lance and fatally injured. Henry survives for 10 days without treatment until dying from sepsis.source
  • 1578After having come into conflict on May 17 with his fellow officer, Thomas Doughty, during their circumnavigation of the world, Francis Drake puts Doughty on trial while the flagship Pelican is docked at what is now Argentina. A jury of sailors convicts Doughty of treason and attempted mutiny. Doughty is beheaded on July 2.source
  • 1598England's forces capture the Castillo San Felipe del Morro, the Spanish fortress defending San Juan, after a 15-day battle. When an epidemic begins taking its toll on the English forces, the Earl of Cumberland decides to withdraw and departs in August.source
  • 1632The University of Tartu is founded.source
  • 1637William Prynne is branded as a seditious libeller, and sentenced to pillorying and mutilation.source
  • 1643First English Civil War: Battle of Adwalton Moor – Royalists gain control of Yorkshire.source
  • 1651After three days of fighting in the Battle of Berestechko in Ukraine, one of the biggest land battles of the 17th century, with some 205,000 troops in the field, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Army defeats the Zaporozhian Cossacks.source
  • 1665King Charles II of England issues a second charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies and expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.source
  • 1680During the Spanish Inquisition, an auto-da-fé takes place in the Plaza Mayor, Madrid.source
  • 1688A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the Immortal Seven) invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to "defend the liberties of England", and depose King James VII and II.source
  • 1688a conspiracy of notables, the "Immortal Seven", send the Invitation to William, inviting William of Orange and Mary to depose James II, as has been planned since April. Mary is James's second heir, her husband (and cousin) is James's nephew, and both have been raised Protestant.source
  • 1690War of the Grand Alliance: Battle of Beachy Head: French naval victory over the English and Dutch.source
  • 1697The earliest reported first-class cricket match takes place in Sussex in England.source
  • 1697earliest known first-class cricket match takes place, in Sussex.source
  • 1703Battle of Ekeren (War of the Spanish Succession): The French surround a smaller Dutch force, which however breaks out and retires to safety.source
  • 1709Swedish forces surrender at Perevolochnasource
  • 1719French forces under the Duke of Berwick, open the Siege of San Sebastian.source
  • 1734War of the Polish Succession: Russian troops take Gdańsk (German: Danzig), which had been besieged since February 1734, after the failure of a French expedition to relieve the city.source
  • 1737Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739: Russian forces under Field Marshal Munnich storm the Ottoman fortress of Ochakov, and take prisoner 4,000 Turks.source
  • 1758Seven Years' War – Battle of Domstadtl: Austrian forces under Ernst Gideon von Laudon and Joseph von Siskovits rout an enormous convoy with supplies for the Prussian army, guarded by strong troops of Hans Joachim von Zieten.source
  • 1758Seven Years' War – Battle of Domstadtl: Austrian forces under Ernst Gideon von Laudon and Joseph von Siskovits rout an enormous convoy with supplies for the Prussian army, guarded by strong troops of Hans Joachim von Zieten.source
  • 1779Parliament passes the Penitentiary Act permitting the creation of state prisons for the first time.source
  • 1808Finnish War – Battle of Turku: The Swedish archipelago fleet defeats the Russians.source
  • 1808English chemist Humphry Davy informs the Royal Society of London of his isolation and discovery of two elements by electrolysis. From lime, he has produced calcium and established that lime is calcium oxide; by heating boric acid and potassium in a copper tube, he creates a substance he calls boracium, which is eventually called boron. This year he also isolates magnesium and strontium.source
  • 1808Chemist Humphry Davy informs the Royal Society of London of his isolation and discovery of two elements by electrolysis. From lime, he has produced calcium and established that lime is calcium oxide; by heating boric acid and potassium in a copper tube, he creates a substance he calls boracium, and which is eventually called boron. This year he also isolates magnesium and strontium.source
  • 1811Hassel & Teudt is founded in Copenhagen.source
  • 1840survivors of the Maria shipwreck are massacred by Aboriginal Australians on the Coorong.source
  • 1852The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to grant the British colony self-government with a representative constitution.source
  • 1852Common Law Procedure Act.source
  • 1853Georges-Eugène Haussmann is selected as préfect of the Seine (department) to begin the re-planning of Paris.source
  • 1855Santhal rebellion against British rule in Damin-i-koh, Bengal Presidency.source
  • 1857Hassel & Teudt is founded in Copenhagen.source
  • 18579 July: trial of Madeleine Smith, charged with the poisoning of a former lover in Glasgow; a "not proven" verdict is returned.source
  • 1859Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope for the first time.source
  • 1859Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope for the first time.source
  • 1861Lambing Flat riots of Lambing Flat (Young), New South Walessource
  • 1861Lambing Flat riots: White miners attack Chinese in the Australian goldfields.source
  • 1864Macdonald-Cartier "Great Coalition" government formed.source
  • 1864President Abraham Lincoln signs the Yosemite Grant Act, precursor to Yosemite National Park.source
  • 1869June 30–July 2 – The first Estonian Song Festival takes place in Tartu.source
  • 1874The Wellington Independent publishes its final issue, and is replaced by The New Zealand Times. The newspaper started in 1845.source
  • 1877The British Mediterranean fleet is sent to Besika Bay.source
  • 1879The 1879 Surigao earthquake measuring Mw 7.4 causes major damage in the northern tip of Mindanao Island.source
  • 1882U.S. presidential assassin Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C.source
  • 1883Robert Louis Stevenson's novel The Black Arrow first appears as a serial in the British magazine Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature as by 'Captain George North'. Stevenson completes writing it at the end of the summer in France.source
  • 1886The Royal Holloway College for women is opened by Queen Victoria, near London, England.source
  • 1888The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom opens its laboratory, on Plymouth Hoe.source
  • 1889June 29–30 – First Inter-Parliamentary Conference held.source
  • 1892The Homestead Strike begins in Homestead, Pennsylvania, culminating in a battle between striking workers and private security agents on July 6.source
  • 1894June 28 – July 9 – Colonial Conference of 1894 held in Ottawa.source
  • 1894Tower Bridge in London opens for traffic.source
  • 1899'Mile-a-Minute Murphy' earns his nickname after he becomes the first man to ride a bicycle for 1 mi in under a minute, on Long Island. Murphy pedals his bike one mile in 57.8 seconds for an average speed of 62.28 miles per hour.source
  • 1900At Pier 8 in Hoboken, New Jersey, cotton bales and barrels of turpentine and oil catch fire around 4 o'clock in the afternoon. In less than 15 minutes, high winds spread the blaze a quarter of a mile along the port and on to the four German steamships moored there. The Saale and the Main, each with 150 crew on board, are destroyed, and the SS Bremen is heavily damaged. On the Saale, the portholes are too narrow for the men inside to escape, and most on board burned to death. The huge liner SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse is saved by being towed into the Hudson River. Despite the best efforts of the Hoboken and New York fire departments to save the piers and the ships, respectively, 326 people are killed.source
  • 1900Hoboken Docks fire: A wharf fire at the docks in Hoboken, New Jersey, spreads to German passenger ships SS Saale, SS Main and SS Bremen. The fire engulfs the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.source
  • 1900Hoboken Docks Fire: A wharf fire at the docks in Hoboken, New Jersey owned by the North German Lloyd Steamship line spreads to German passenger ships SS Saale, SS Main, and SS Bremen. The fire engulfs the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.source
  • 1902Italy and France sign a secret treaty whereby France agreed to back Italy's claims in Libya (Tripolitania), while Italy supported French influence in Morocco. Italy was to remain neutral in case of German aggression against France, undermining the Triple Alliance.source
  • 1905Albert Einstein submits for publication his paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", establishing his theory of special relativity.source
  • 1908June 30 (June 17 OS) – The Tunguska event near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Siberia, Russian Empire, is believed to have been caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet fragment, at an altitude of 5 – 10 km above the Earth's surface.source
  • 1912Regina Cyclone: Canada's deadliest tornado strikes Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28 people.source
  • 1912A tornado (the "Regina Cyclone") kills 28.source
  • 1915June 23 – July 7 – The First Battle of the Isonzo between the Armies of Italy and Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front in World War I. The aim of the Italian Army, under the command of Luigi Cadorna, was to drive the Austrians away from its defensive positions along the Soča (Isonzo) and on the nearby mountains.source
  • 1924J. B. M. Hertzog becomes the third Prime Minister of South Africa.source
  • 1927June 29–July 1 – Commander Richard E. Byrd, Bernt Balchen, George Noville and Bert Acosta take off from Roosevelt Field, New York, in the Fokker Trimotor airplane America, and cross the Atlantic to the coast of France, having to ditch there because of bad weather; all four men survive the emergency landing.source
  • 1931June 23–July 1 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty accomplish the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane, flying eastabout from Roosevelt Field, New York, in 8 days, 15 hours, 51 minutes.source
  • 1933The third national Australian Census is taken, recording the population at 6,630,600.source
  • 1934The Nazi Party SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the Schutzstaffel (SS).source
  • 1934The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the SS.source
  • 1934June 30 – July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany: Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party, and prominent conservative anti-Nazis, in a series of political murders.source
  • 1934Night of the Long Knives: Nazis purge the SA.source
  • 1937The founding of the kibbutz Tirat Zvi as part of the tower and stockade settlement enterprise. The founders were Jews from Poland, Romania and Germany.source
  • 1940June 28–July 4 – Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovinasource
  • 1940WWII: German forces land in Guernsey, marking the start of the 5-year Occupation of the Channel Islands.source
  • 1940The Civil Aeronautics Administration is placed under the Department of Commerce.source
  • 1940The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is placed under the Federal Security Agency.source
  • 1940The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is placed under the Department of the Interior.source
  • 1941June 28–30 – The Holocaust: Iași pogrom – "At least 13,266" Romanian Jews are massacred by local governmental forces.source
  • 1941HMAS Waterhen sinks off Libya – the first Australian naval vessel lost in the war.source
  • 1943The United States Civilian Conservation Corps is abolished.source
  • 1945John von Neumann's First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC is distributed, containing the first published description of the logical design of a computer, with stored-program and instruction data stored in the same address space within the memory (von Neumann architecture).source
  • 1946The War Relocation Authority, which has administered the internment of Japanese Americans, is abolished.source
  • 1946The dissolution of the mainly general headquarters and military camp base of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary located in Manila.source
  • 19461946 Taça de Portugal Finalsource
  • 1953The first roll-on/roll-off ferry crossing of the English Channel, Dover–Boulogne, takes place.source
  • 1955The Simonstown Agreement provides for control of the naval base at Simon's Town in the Union of South Africa to transfer from the British Royal Navy to the South African Navy.source
  • 19561956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision: A TWA Lockheed Constellation and United Airlines Douglas DC-7 collide in mid-air over the Grand Canyon in Arizona, killing all 128 people aboard both aircraft, in the deadliest civil aviation disaster to date; the accident leads to sweeping changes in the regulation of cross-country flight and air traffic control over the United States.source
  • 1957Ministry of Industry was establishedsource
  • 1958The 1957–58 Ifni War ends in Spanish Sahara.source
  • 1960The Belgian Congo receives its independence from Belgium, as the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville). A civil war follows shortly.source
  • 1960Public demonstrations by democratic and left forces against Italian government support of the post-fascist Italian Social Movement are heavily suppressed by police.source
  • 1962Aeroflot Flight 902 crashes 28 kilometers east of Krasnoyarsk airport, killing all 84 on board.source
  • 1963Taça de Portugal Finalsource
  • 1966The National Organization for Women (NOW) is founded in Washington, D.C.source
  • 1966Australia's semi-decennial census took place.source
  • 1967Moise Tshombe, former president of Katanga and former prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is kidnapped and taken to Algeria.source
  • 1968June 23–30 – 1968 French legislative election: The Gaullist Union pour la défense de la République becomes the first party in French political history to obtain an absolute majority in the National Assembly. George Pompidou leads the party through the campaign but resigns as prime minister afterwards. The public unrest of May 68 subsides.source
  • 1969June 27–30: The American rock group The Doors perform four concerts in Mexico City.source
  • 1971After a successful mission aboard Salyut 1, the world's first human-occupied space station, the crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft die after their air supply leaks out through a faulty valve.source
  • 1972The International Time Bureau adds the first leap second (23:59:60) of this year to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).source
  • 1972June 22–30 — Typhoon Ora strucks the Philippines and Southern China.source
  • 1973A very long total solar eclipse occurs. During the entire second millennium, only seven total solar eclipses exceeded seven minutes of totality.source
  • 1977The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization is permanently disbanded.source
  • 1978Ethiopia begins a massive offensive in Eritrea.source
  • 1983Laws are passed to restructure the steel industry that enter into force the next day.source
  • 1983A total loss of coolant occurs at the Embalse Nuclear Power Station, Argentina. It is classified as an "Accident With Local Consequences" – level 4 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.source
  • 1984John Turner becomes the 17th Prime Minister of Canada.source
  • 1987Canada introduces a one-dollar coin, nicknamed the "Loonie".source
  • 1988Roman Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrates four bishops at Écône, Switzerland, for his apostolate, along with Bishop Antonio de Castro Mayer, without a papal mandate.source
  • 1990June 17–30 – Nelson Mandela tours North America, visiting 3 Canadian and 8 U.S. cities.source
  • 1990June 17–30 – Nelson Mandela tours North America, visiting three Canadian and eight U.S. cities.source
  • 1994The Liberal Democratic Party in Japan regains power after spending 11 months in opposition, in coalition with the Japan Socialist Party.source
  • 1994Tropical Storm Alberto forms, hitting parts of Florida causing $1.03 billion in damage and 32 deaths.source
  • 1996Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadžić relinquishes power to his deputy, Biljana Plavšić.source
  • 1996Costas Simitis is elected president of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement of Greece.source
  • 1998Philippine Vice President Joseph Estrada is sworn in as the 13th President of the Philippines.source
  • 1999Twenty-three people die in a fire at the Sealand Youth Training Center in South Korea.source
  • 1999Sealand Youth Training Center Firesource
  • 20022002 FIFA World Cup: Brazil beats Germany 2–0 in the 2002 FIFA World Cup Final with Ronaldo scoring the two goals; Brazil's captain Cafu, who becomes the first player to appear in three successive World Cup finals, accepts the trophy on behalf of the team.source
  • 2003Warring parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo sign a peace accord, bringing an end to the Second Congo War.source
  • 2009Yemenia Flight 626 crashes off the coast of Moroni, Comoros, killing all but one of the 153 passengers and crew.source
  • 2012Mohamed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, is elected 5th President of Egypt, the first elected democratically by the Egyptian people, sparking mixed reactions and protests throughout the country.source
  • 2012An extra leap second (23:59:60) is added to end of June. The last time this occurred was in 2008.source
  • 2015An extra leap second (23:59:60) is added to end of June. The last time this occurred was in 2012.source
  • 2015Cuba becomes the first country in the world to eradicate mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis.source
  • 2018Millions of people marched to protest the Trump administration's zero-tolerance policy towards illegal migrants. This march was devoted to reuniting refugee and immigrant families that were separated at the US–Mexico border by the US government's policy introduced in the spring of 2018.source
  • 2018June 22–July 1 – The 2018 Mediterranean Games are held in Tarragona, Spain.source
  • 2019During a trilateral gathering at the Panmunjom Truce Village between South Korean President Moon Jae-in, North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un and U.S. President Donald Trump, Trump becomes the first sitting U.S. president to cross the Korean Demilitarized Zone and enter North Korea. Trump and Kim also agree to restart stalled denuclearization negotiations.source
  • 2020China passes the controversial Hong Kong national security law, allowing China to crack down on opposition to Beijing at home or abroad.source
  • 2024Daniil Nikolov is elected as the 29th Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.source

Births

  • 1162Yang (or Gongsheng), Chinese empress (died 1233)source
  • 1286John de Warenne, English nobleman (died 1347)source
  • 1468John, Elector of Saxony (1525–1532) (died 1532)source
  • 1470Charles VIII of France (died 1498)source
  • 1470Charles VIII of France (died 1498)source
  • 1478John, Prince of Asturias, Son of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile (died 1497)source
  • 1503John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (died 1554)source
  • 1628Miguel de Molinos, Spanish mystic (died 1696)source
  • 1641Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, English general (died 1719)source
  • 1685John Gay, English writer (died 1732)source
  • 1755Paul Barras, French politician (died 1829)source
  • 1789Horace Vernet, French painter (died 1863)source
  • 1801Frédéric Bastiat, French philosopher (died 1850)source
  • 1817Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (died 1911)source
  • 1893Walter Ulbricht, German communist politician (died 1973)source
  • 1948Raymond Leo Burke, American cardinal, prelatesource
  • 1950Kwek Siew Jin, former civil servant and former rear-admiral who served as Chief of Navy from 1992 to 1996.source
  • 1966Mike Tyson, African-American boxersource

Deaths

  • 350Nepotianus, Roman usurper;source
  • 710Erentrude, Frankish abbesssource
  • 888Æthelred, archbishop of Canterburysource
  • 945Ki no Tsurayuki, Japanese writer and poet (born 872)source
  • 1073Badis ibn Habus, Berber king of the Taifa of Granada (born 1002)source
  • 1181Hugh de Kevelioc, English politician (born 1147)source
  • 1278Pierre de la Broce, French nobleman and councilorsource
  • 1337Eleanor de Clare, politically active English noble (born 1290)source
  • 1364Arnošt of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague (born 1297)source
  • 1468Lady Eleanor Talbot, English noblewomansource
  • 1522Johann Reuchlin, German humanist and Hebrew scholar (born 1455)source
  • 1538Charles II, Duke of Guelders (born 1467)source
  • 1590Maha Thammaracha (born 1509)source
  • 1607Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (born 1538)source
  • 1649Simon Vouet, French painter (born 1590)source
  • 1649Simon Vouet, painter and draftsman (born 1590)source
  • 1660William Oughtred, English mathematician (born 1575)source
  • 1670Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, English and French princess (born 1644)source
  • 1685Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll, Scottish peer (born 1629)source
  • 1709Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (born 1660)source
  • 1744Januarius Maria Sarnelli, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (born 1702)source
  • 1785James Oglethorpe, English general, founder of the state of Georgia (born 1696)source
  • 1800Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, British politician (born 1732)source
  • 1831William Roscoe, English abolitionist and writer (born 1753)source
  • 1875Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield, lawyer and politician (born 1800)source
  • 1882Charles J. Guiteau, American preacher, writer, lawyer, assassin of James A. Garfield (executed) (born 1841)source
  • 19591959 Okinawa F-100 crash: Twenty-one students are killed and more than a hundred injured when a U.S. Air Force North American F-100 Super Sabre jet crashes into Miamori Elementary School on the Japanese island of Okinawa. The pilot ejected before the plane struck the school.source
  • 1966Giuseppe Farina, Italian racing driver (born 1906)source
  • 1980Bhupati Bhushan Chowdhury, politician (born 1930)source