/year

October 14 in history

224 sourced entries recorded on October 14, from 222 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 764October 14–21 – Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion: A short-lived revolt led by Fujiwara no Nakamaro is suppressed. Emperor Junnin is deposed after a 6-year reign, and forced into exile. Former empress Kōken reassumes the imperial throne of Japan, and takes the name Shōtoku. She appoints her close associate, the priest Dōkyō, prime minister (taishi), running the government with him. Nakamaro is captured and killed with his wife and children.source
  • 1066Battle of Hastings: William and Harold II meet in battle at Hastings. Although Harold has the superior position on the battlefield, he is defeated and killed by William, invading England.source
  • 1073The Judicate of Arborea (one of the four independent kingdoms in Sardinia) is recognised by Pope Gregory VII.source
  • 1080Battle on the Elster: Rudolf of Rheinfelden defeats the imperial forces led by Henry IV at the Elster River. Rudolf dies the following day at Merseburg of wounds received.source
  • 1111October 5 – 18-year-old Baldwin VII succeeds his father, Robert II, as Count of Flanders until 1119.source
  • 1318Battle of Faughart: A Hibernian and Norman force defeats a Scotch-Irish army commanded by Edward Bruce, who had proclaimed himself High King of Ireland. Edward Bruce is killed in the battle, ending the Bruce campaign in Ireland.source
  • 1322"Great Raid": Battle of Old Byland – Scottish forces led by King Robert the Bruce defeat the English army in Yorkshire. During the battle, Robert and his highlanders charge themselves in a flanking position, from where the English troops are overrun, the most significant Scots victory over the English since Bannockburn in 1314. Edward II narrowly escapes capture and is forced to abandon his personal equipment, silver plate, jewelry and horse trappings. He flees with his retinue to Bridlington.source
  • 1322Victory for Scots at the Battle of Old Byland in Yorkshire.source
  • 1337Justiciar John de Charleton de Powys arrived in Irelandsource
  • 1381Fishmonger John Northampton is elected as Lord Mayor of London to succeed Sir William Walworth, who had retired after suppressing Wat Tyler's rebellion.source
  • 1398King Taejo of Joseon abdicates the throne of the Joseon dynasty in modern-day Korea, following the murder of his heir Yi Bangsuk, during a coup by Yi's older half-brother, Yi Bang-won, in The First Strife Of Princes. Taejo's eldest son Jeongjong succeeds to the throne.source
  • 1401Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq of Delhi is restored to power.source
  • 1435Eric of Pomerania is reinstated as king of Sweden, only briefly, however, he is once again deposed in January of the following year.source
  • 1468The Treaty of Péronne is signed by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis XI of France.source
  • 1474King Ferdinand of Naples sends his son, Prince Frederick, to Burgundy in hopes of an alliance between the Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Burgundy to be secured by Frederick's marriage to Mary of Burgundy, daughter of the Duke, Charles the Bold. The proposal is rejected by Burgundy.source
  • 1486At Srinagar (now in India), Fateh Shah Miri becomes the new Sultan of Kashmir after defeating the Sultan Muhammad Shah Mir.source
  • 1583In Scotland, the University of Edinburgh holds its first classes, accepting more than 80 students as "Tounis College". In continuous operation for more than 440 years, the University will have more than 41,000 students.source
  • 1587War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588): Archduke Maximilian of Austria begins the siege of Kraków, while Jan Zamoyski, hetman of the Polish Army, begins the defense of the city.source
  • 1605Thomas Jones is appointed to succeed Adam Loftus as Lord Chancellor of Ireland.source
  • 1645October 8–14 – English Civil War: The Third siege of Basing House by Oliver Cromwell results in its destruction.source
  • 1651Laws are passed in Massachusetts, forbidding poor people from adopting excessive styles of dress.source
  • 1660A Constituent Commission set up by the king meets for the first time to embark on the task of drawing up a new constitution but unable to agree it simply decides to cancel the existing Håndfæstning and leave it to the king to write the new constitution.source
  • 1670Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, a five-act comedy and ballet authored by Molière, is given its first performance, presented before King Louis XIV at the Château de Chambord. Public performances begin on November 23 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.source
  • 1670The première of Molière's 5-act comédie-ballet Le Bourgeois gentilhomme is performed by his troupe with himself in the title rôle before Louis XIV and the royal court at the Château de Chambord, with incidental music by Jean-Baptiste Lully.source
  • 1702War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Friedlingen – France defeats forces of the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • 1709The Chinese region of Ningxia is shaken by a 7.5 earthquake killing more than 2,000 people.source
  • 1711Yostos kills Tewoflos, becoming Emperor of Ethiopia.source
  • 1711Woodes Rogers returns to England after a successful round-the-world privateering cruise against Spain, carrying loot worth £150,000.source
  • 1711Woodes Rogers returns to England after a successful round-the-world privateering cruise against Spain, carrying loot worth £150,000.source
  • 1719The British Army, under the command of Major General George Wade, invades and captures the forts of Vigo on the Atlantic coast of Spain.source
  • 1735John Wesley and his brother Charles set sail from England for Savannah in the Province of Georgia in British America; on the voyage they first encounter members of the Moravian Church.source
  • 1735John Wesley and his brother Charles set sail from England for Savannah in the Province of Georgia in British America; on the voyage they first encounter members of the Moravian Church.source
  • 1740October 9–22 – Batavia Massacre: Troops of the Dutch East India Company massacre at least 10,000 Chinese Indonesians in Batavia.source
  • 1745In Amritsar in India's Punjab region, the Sikh parliament (the Sarbat Khalsa) votes for a major reorganization of the Sikh nation's army, the Dal Khalsa, with 25 cavalry regiments and support troops under the command of General Nawab Kapur Singh.source
  • 1750The Louvre Museum is created in Paris four years after art critic Lafond de Saint-Yenne calls on the King to allow the display of the royal art collection to the general public. Abel-François Poisson, the Marquis de Marigny, arranges for the display of 110 of the Crown's paintings at the Palais du Luxembourg.source
  • 1750Display of 110 paintings from the royal art collection at the Luxembourg Palace in Paris is arranged by Abel-François Poisson, the Marquis de Marigny, origin of both the Louvre museum and Musée du Luxembourg.source
  • 1756An "Agreement of Friendship and Trade" is signed by Sultan Osman III and King Frederick V. Denmark appoints an extraordinary representative to the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1756An Agreement of Friendship and Trade between Denmark-Norway and the Ottoman Empire is signed by King Frederick V and Sultan Osman III.source
  • 1757Of the 478 people arrested, and 442 (including 50 women and young boys) convicted, for their roles in the Porto riot in February, 13 men and one woman are hanged; afterwards, their bodies are then quartered, and the severed limbs are publicly displayed on spikes. Another 49 men and 10 women are exiled to Portuguese colonies in Africa and India, and the other convicts are either flogged, imprisoned, or pressed into service rowing galley ships.source
  • 1758Seven Years' War: Battle of Hochkirch: Frederick loses a hard-fought battle against the Austrians under Marshal Leopold von Daun, who besieges Dresden.source
  • 1758First issue of Norrköpings Tidningar.source
  • 1761Great Malvern Tornado.source
  • 1768William Pitt resigns from his position as Prime Minister of Great Britain.source
  • 1768Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, succeeds William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, as Prime Minister after Pitt's resignation due to ill health.source
  • 1773The Komisja Edukacji Narodowej (Polish for National Education Committee), formed in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, is considered to be the world's first ministry of education.source
  • 1774The Continental Congress in America adopts the Declaration of Rights and Resolves, with 10 principles.source
  • 1788William Symington demonstrates a paddle steamer on Dalswinton Loch near Dumfries.source
  • 1791the Northern Whig Club, a group of nine Belfast Presbyterians, meets with Wolfe Tone and Thomas Russell and forms the Society of United Irishmen to press for liberal non-denominational parliamentary reform.source
  • 1803Orissa, an area of India along the Bay of Bengal that comprises the modern-day Indian state of Odisha, is occupied by the British under the British East India Company, after the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The Maratha Empire formally cedes the area in the Treaty of Deogaon, signed on December 17.source
  • 1805Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition – Ulm Campaign: Battle of Elchingen – An Austrian corps under Johann von Riesch is defeated by Marshal Ney, near Elchingen, Bavaria.source
  • 1805Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition – Ulm Campaign: Battle of Elchingen – An Austrian corps under Johann von Riesch is defeated by Marshal Ney, near Elchingen, Bavaria.source
  • 1806Battle of Jena–Auerstedt: At Jena, Napoleon defeats the Prussian army of Prince Hohenlohe, while at Auerstedt, Marshal Davout defeats the main Prussian army under Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick (who is fatally wounded).source
  • 1809The Treaty of Schönbrunn cedes the Illyrian Provinces to France, and ensures peace between The First French Empire, and The Austrian Empire.source
  • 1813After a ceremony in Caracas, Venezuela, the municipality gives Simón Bolívar the title of El Libertador.source
  • 1824W. C. Wentworth and Robert Wardell begin publication of The Australian, the first independent newspaper in Australia.source
  • 1829Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials to determine the practicality of steam locomotives to operate the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in England.source
  • 1859Glasgow Town Council's Loch Katrine public water supply scheme officially opened.source
  • 1866French troops under the command of Rear Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze land at Ganghwa Island, Korea, as part of a punitive expedition against that kingdom for the execution of French Jesuit priests. It is the first military contact between Korea and a Western force.source
  • 1866October 7–21 – The Second Plenary Council of American Roman Catholic bishops is held in Baltimore.source
  • 1878The world's first recorded floodlit football fixture is played at Bramall Lane, in Sheffield, England.source
  • 1881the Eyemouth disaster ("Black Friday"): a severe storm strikes the Berwickshire coast; 189 fishermen die.source
  • 1881great gale across the country; in the Eyemouth disaster ("Black Friday"), a severe storm strikes the Berwickshire coast of Scotland and 189 fishermen die.source
  • 1882The University of the Punjab at Lahore (British India), is founded in modern-day Pakistan.source
  • 1888Battle of Guté Dili: Seeking to extend Mahdist control over what is becomes southwestern Ethiopia, governor Khalil al-Khuzani is routed by an alliance of Shewan forces, under Ras Gobana Dacche and Moroda Bekere, ruler of Leqa Naqamte. Only a handful, including Khalil, barely manage to flee the battlefield.source
  • 1888Louis Le Prince films the first motion picture: Roundhay Garden Scene in Roundhay, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, two seconds and 18 frames in length (followed by his movie Leeds Bridge and Accordion Player).source
  • 1892Peter Nicolai Arbo, painter (born 1831)source
  • 1893A devastating levee collapse, flash flood and landslide hit and damage around Kyushu Island, Shikoku Island and western Honshū in Japan, due to a strong typhoon wind; an official document reports that 2,044 people perish.source
  • 1898At the age of 16, Russian composer Igor Stravinsky creates his first composition, the unfinished piano fragment "Tarantella". The piece will remain undiscovered for 72 years and will first be performed in 2021, more than 120 years after it was composed.source
  • 1899The Boer invasion of the Cape Colony begins with the siege of Kimberley.source
  • 1902Rimsky-Korsakov's opera Servillia premieres in St. Petersburgsource
  • 1908John Ballinger is appointed first librarian of the National Library of Wales.source
  • 1912John Flammang Schrank attempts to assassinate Theodore Roosevelt in Milwaukee.source
  • 1912While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former President Theodore Roosevelt is shot by saloonkeeper John Schrank. With a fresh flesh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt delivers his scheduled speech. After finishing it, he goes to the hospital, where it is deduced that if he had not had his speech in his breast pocket when he was shot, he most likely would have died.source
  • 1913Senghenydd colliery disaster: An explosion at the Universal Colliery, Senghenydd in South Wales kills 439 miners, the worst mining accident in the United Kingdom.source
  • 1916Perm State University is founded in Russia.source
  • 1922First Ulster Grand Prix motorcycle road race takes place on the Old Clady circuit.source
  • 1923The fourth tropical storm of the year forms just north of Panama.source
  • 1924October 12–15 – Zeppelin LZ-126 makes a transatlantic delivery flight from Friedrichshafen, Germany, to Lakehurst, New Jersey.source
  • 1925October 5–16 – The Locarno Treaties are negotiated.source
  • 1926A. A. Milne's children's book Winnie-the-Pooh is published in London, featuring the eponymous bear.source
  • 1930Ståhlberg kidnapping: The former and first President of Finland, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, and his wife, Ester Ståhlberg, are kidnapped from their home by members of the far-right Lapua Movement but released unharmed.source
  • 1933October 14–16 – The new constitution of Estonia is approved only on the third consecutive referendum.source
  • 1933plebiscite in favour of constitutional reform giving wide powers to a new office of the president. (to 16 October)source
  • 19351935 Canadian federal election: The Liberal Party of William Lyon Mackenzie King wins a majority government, defeating the Conservative Party of Prime Minister R. B. Bennett.source
  • 1935The Turkish government had all Masonic lodges in the country abolished on the ground that Masonic principles are incompatible with nationalistic policy and their property transferred to the state.source
  • 1939GS U-47 sinks the British battleship HMS Royal Oak at anchor in Scapa Flow (Scotland), with the loss of 833 crew.source
  • 1941Germans took Kalininsource
  • 1943José P. Laurel takes the oath of office as President of the Philippines (Second Philippine Republic).source
  • 1943Jose P. Laurel elected President of the Philippines by the National Assembly.source
  • 1944WWII: German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel commits forced suicide rather than face public disgrace and execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler.source
  • 1946The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is founded.source
  • 1947United States Air Force test pilot Captain Chuck Yeager flies a Bell X-1 rocket plane faster than the speed of sound, the first time it has been accomplished.source
  • 1949The Foley Square trial of Eugene Dennis and ten other leaders of the Communist Party USA ends in New York City (the longest trial in U.S. history to this date); all defendants are found guilty and all but one sentenced to five years of prison.source
  • 1951The Organization of Central American States (Organización de Estados Centroamericanos, ODECA) is formed.source
  • 1952The National Conference of Bishops of Brazil is founded in Rio de Janeiro.source
  • 1952The United Nations begins work in the new United Nations building in New York City, designed by Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer.source
  • 1953Cape – Lohatla to Sishen, 17 mi 3 ch.source
  • 1955The Organization of Central American States secretariat is inaugurated.source
  • 1956Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Indian Untouchable leader, converts to Buddhism along with 385,000 followers. See Neo-Buddhism.source
  • 1956Dalit Buddhist movement (India): B. R. Ambedkar, Dalit leader, converts to Buddhism, along with 500,000 followers.source
  • 1960The Premier of New South Wales officially opens Warragamba Dam, one of the world's largest domestic water supply dams.source
  • 1962October 14–28 — The Cuban Missile Crisis occurs between the United States and Soviet Union over the deployment of Soviet ballistic missiles to Cuba.source
  • 1963A revolution starts in Radfan, South Yemen, against British colonial rule.source
  • 1964October 14–15 – Nikita Khrushchev is deposed as leader of the Soviet Union; Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin assume power.source
  • 1964American civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King Jr. becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to end racial prejudice in the United States.source
  • 1964October 10–24 – The 1964 Summer Olympics are held in Tokyo, Japan, the first in an Asian country.source
  • 1966Closure of Intra Bank begins a crisis in the Lebanese banking system.source
  • 1966The city of Montreal inaugurates the Montreal Metro system.source
  • 1967Quebec Nationalism: René Lévesque leaves the Liberal Party.source
  • 1969October 11–16 – The New York Mets upset the Baltimore Orioles four games to one in the World Series.source
  • 1970A Chinese nuclear test is conducted in Lop Nor.source
  • 19701970 Onyang-dong level crossing accident, according to MLIT of ROK official announced, 42 persons fatalities in Chungcheongnam-do.source
  • 1971The largest state banquet in history is held at the ancient city of Persepolis in Iran, marking the symbolic Celebration of the 2,500th Anniversary of the Founding of the Persian Empire.source
  • 1975The South African Defence Force invades Angola during Operation Savannah in support of the FNLA and UNITA prior to the Angolan elections scheduled for November 11.source
  • 1975A British Royal Air Force Avro Vulcan bomber explodes and crashes over Żabbar, Malta after an aborted landing, killing five crew members and one person on the ground.source
  • 1978U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs a bill into law which allows homebrewing of beer in the United States.source
  • 1979National March for gay rights takes place in Washington, D.C., involving tens of thousands of people.source
  • 1980The 6th Congress of the Workers' Party ends, having anointed North Korean President Kim Il Sung's son Kim Jong Il as his successor.source
  • 1980The Staggers Rail Act is enacted, deregulating American railroads.source
  • 1981Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected President of Egypt, one week after the assassination of Anwar Sadat during a parade, by servicemen who belong to the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization led by Khalid Islambouli and oppose his negotiations with Israel.source
  • 1981October 14–21. A delegation of Solidarity visits France.source
  • 1984The Detroit Tigers defeat the San Diego Padres in game five of the 1984 World Series to win the franchise's 4th championship.source
  • 1994October 2 – 16 – The Philippines participates in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to 16, 1994. It Ranks 14th with three gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals with a total of 13 over-all medals.source
  • 2002Youssif, burn victim.source
  • 2004Russia launches the Soyuz TMA-5 mission.source
  • 2007Burma restores some Internet access but continues to deny access to foreign news services such as the BBC and CNN, blogs and dissident sites.source
  • 20072007 Togolese parliamentary electionsource
  • 2010October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.source
  • 2012Austrian skydiver Felix Baumgartner becomes the first person to break the sound barrier without any machine assistance, during a record space dive out of the Red Bull Stratos helium-filled balloon from 128,000 ft (24 mi) over Roswell, New Mexico in the United States.source
  • 2012Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, shot by troops yesterday, is flown to France.source
  • 2016American missionary and aid worker Jeff Woodke is kidnapped in Abalak, Niger by militants. He would not be freed for six years.source
  • 2017A massive blast caused by a truck bombing in Mogadishu, Somalia kills at least 587 people and injures 316 others.source
  • 2019A New York Times investigation reveals that Russian planes had bombed at least 50 hospitals and clinics in opposition-held Idlib, Syria.source
  • 2019Trial of Catalonia independence leaders: The Supreme Court of Spain sentences nine Catalan independence movement leaders to 9 to 13 years of prison for sedition and misuse of public funds. Three others are disqualified for 1 year and 8 months for disobedience. Violent protests erupt across Catalonia.source
  • 2019The Ernesto Ramos Antonini public housing residence, located near the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, was the site of a mass killing with more than 1000 shots fired and six people dead.source
  • 20232023 New Zealand general election: The National Party wins a plurality of seats under leader Christopher Luxon, while the Labour Party suffers the worst result for an incumbent ruling party in modern New Zealand history.source
  • 2024The Europa Clipper spacecraft is launched to investigate Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter.source
  • 2025Microsoft ends support for Windows 10 that started in 2015.source

Births

  • 1257Przemysł II, king of Poland (died 1296)source
  • 1404Marie of Anjou, queen of Charles VII of France (died 1463)source
  • 1404Marie of Anjou, Queen of France (died 1463)source
  • 1420Tomás de Torquemada, first grand inquisitor of Spain (died 1498)source
  • 1425Alesso Baldovinetti, Italian painter (died 1499)source
  • 1465Konrad Peutinger, German humanist and antiquarian (died 1547)source
  • 1524Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Danish princess (died 1586)source
  • 1542Philip IV, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (died 1602)source
  • 1542Akbar (Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar), later Mughal emperor (dies 1605)source
  • 1563Jodocus Hondius, Flemish artist (died 1633)source
  • 1569Giambattista Marino, Italian poet (died 1625)source
  • 1604Nils Brahe, soldier (died 1632)source
  • 1630Sophia of Hanover, heir to the throne of Great Britain (died 1714)source
  • 1633King James II of England (died 1701)source
  • 1633King James II of England (died 1701)source
  • 1639Simon van der Stel, last Commander and first Governor of the Cape Colony (died 1712)source
  • 1643Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (died 1712)source
  • 1644William Penn, English Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania (died 1718)source
  • 1644William Penn, Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania (died 1718)source
  • 1687Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician and Professor of Mathematics (died 1768)source
  • 1691John Lovewell, Nashua, New Hampshire hero (died 1725)source
  • 1696Samuel Johnson, President of Columbia University (died 1772)source
  • 1712George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (1763–1765) (died 1770)source
  • 1712George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (died 1770)source
  • 1733François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (died 1798)source
  • 1776Robert Townsend Farquhar, British colonial administrator (died 1830)source
  • 1882Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach and third President of Ireland (died 1975)source
  • 1890Dwight D. Eisenhower, US general and 34th President of the United States (died 1969)source
  • 1906Hannah Arendt, German political theorist (died 1975)source
  • 1927Sir Roger Moore, English actor (died 2017)source
  • 1930Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Democratic Republic of the Congo (died 1997)source
  • 1978Usher, American singer and actorsource
  • 2017Tunku Iskandar Abdul Jalil Abu Bakar Ibrahimsource

Deaths

  • 222Pope Callixtus I is killed by a mob in Rome's Trastevere after a 5-year reign in which he has stabilized the Saturday fast three times per year, with no food, oil, or wine to be consumed on those days. Callixtus is succeeded by Cardinal Urban I.source
  • 360Gaudentius of Rimini, Roman Catholic priest and saintsource
  • 530Dioscorus is elected as antipope in the Lateran Palace, but he dies within a month, thus ending the schism.source
  • 841Shi Yuanzhong, Chinese governorsource
  • 869Pang Xun, Chinese rebel leadersource
  • 962Gerloc, Frankish noblewomansource
  • 996Caliph Al-Aziz Billah dies at Bilbeis in Egypt after a 21-year reign in which he has expanded his Shiite caliphate at the expense of the Byzantines, using Turkish mercenaries (Mamelukes). He is succeeded by his 11-year-old son Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah as ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate (until 1021).source
  • 996Al-Aziz Billah, Fatimid caliph (born 955)source
  • 1066Harold II (Harold Godwinson), king of England — killed at the Battle of Hastingssource
  • 1077Andronikos Doukas, Byzantine noblemansource
  • 1092Nizam al-Mulk, Seljuk vizier (born 1018)source
  • 1094Bertha of Holland, French queen consortsource
  • 1152Ralph I (or Raoul), French noblemansource
  • 1153Henry Murdac, English archbishopsource
  • 1172Ludwig II, German nobleman (born 1128)source
  • 1211Ferdinand of Castile, Spanish prince (born 1189)source
  • 1213Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essexsource
  • 1217Isabella, English noblewoman, sometime queen consort of England (born c. 1163)source
  • 1256Kujō Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (born 1239)source
  • 1310Blanche of Anjou, consort of King James II of Aragonsource
  • 1318Philip Mowbray, Scottish nobleman and governor — Battle of Faughartsource
  • 1318Edward Bruce, Scottish nobleman and High King — Battle of Faughartsource
  • 1318Battle of Faughart results in defeat and death of Edward Bruce, brother of Robert the Brucesource
  • 1326Walter de Stapledon, English nobleman and bishop (born 1261)source
  • 1326Richard de Stapledon, English nobleman, knight and judgesource
  • 1366Ibn Nubata, Arab poet (born 1287)source
  • 1416Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburgsource
  • 1568Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer (born 1504)source
  • 1597Thomas Burgh, 3rd Baron Burgh, Lord Deputy of Ireland since 18 April (born c.1558)source
  • 1619Samuel Daniel, English poet (born 1562)source
  • 1631Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, queen and regent of Denmark (born 1557)source
  • 1631Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Queen of Denmark and Norway, and mother of King Christian IV (born 1557 in Wismar)source
  • 1638Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet (born 1552)source
  • 1669Antonio Cesti, Italian composer (born 1623)source
  • 1703Thomas Kingo, Danish bishop, poet, hymn-writer (born 1634)source
  • 1703Thomas Kingo, bishop, poet and hymn-writer (born 1634)source
  • 1715Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1636)source
  • 1750Richard Philipps, military officer, governor of Nova Scotia (b.1661)source
  • 1758James Francis Edward Keith, Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal (born 1696)source
  • 1770Benning Wentworth, colonial governor of New Hampshire (born 1696)source
  • 1780October 10–16 – The Great Hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados, Martinique and Sint Eustatius; 22,000 are killed.source
  • 1806Battle of Jena–Auerstedt: Napoleon defeats the Prussian army of Prince Hohenlohe at Jena, while Marshal Davout defeats the main Prussian army under Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who is killed.source
  • 1911John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (born 1833)source
  • 1940WWII: At least 66 people are killed when a Luftwaffe bomb penetrates Balham station on the London Underground which is in use as an air-raid shelter during The Blitz on England.source
  • 1944Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (born 1891)source
  • 1958Sir Douglas Mawson, Australian geologist and polar explorer (born 1882)source
  • 1959Errol Flynn, Australian actor (born 1909)source
  • 1959Phetsarath Ratanavongsasource
  • 1977Bing Crosby, American pop singer and actor (born 1903)source
  • 1990Leonard Bernstein, 72, American conductor and composer (West Side Story), pneumonia.source
  • 1995Helen Vlachos, journalist (born 1911)source
  • 1999Julius Nyerere, 77, Tanzanian anti-colonial activist and politician, leukemia.source
  • 2012Arlen Specter, 82, American politician, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania (1981–2011), complications of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.source