/year

July 12 in history

231 sourced entries recorded on July 12, from 524 CE to 2022 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 927King Æthelstan of Wessex receives the submission of High-Reeve Ealdred I of Bamburgh and probably also of Owain ap Dyfnwal, King of Strathclyde, at Eamont Bridge. He also secures a pledge from King Constantine II of Scotland, that he will not ally with the Viking kings. This summer also Kings Hywel Dda of Deheubarth and Owain of Glywysing and Gwent submit to the overlordship of Æthelstan at Hereford. The borders between England and Wales are set at the River Wye.source
  • 1096The People's Crusade led by Peter the Hermit reaches Sofia, where they meet envoys from Constantinople with orders to keep them supplied along the road. At Philippopolis the Greeks are so deeply moved by the suffering of Peter and his followers that the locals give them money, food and horses.source
  • 1109Siege of Tripoli: After a 7-year siege (supported by the Genoese fleet), Tripoli falls to the Crusaders. Fakhr al-Mulk ibn Ammar, qadi of Tripoli, submits to Bertrand of Toulouse (the eldest son of Raymond IV). He establishes the County of Tripoli, the fourth Crusader state in the Middle East. Raymond's nephew William II Jordan dies of an arrow wound sustained during the siege, leaving Bertrand as its sole ruler.source
  • 1191Siege of Acre: The Muslim garrison surrenders to Philip II, which includes an agreement to give up the 70 Muslim ships in the harbour without Saladin's consent, and by the time that he learned of this intention, the city has already capitulated. Conrad of Montferrat, who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and of the Crusader leaders Philip II, Richard I, and Leopold V of Austria, on the city's walls and towers. The siege of Acre has taken nearly two years and has cost some 100,000 Christian casualties.source
  • 1260Battle of Kressenbrunn: King Ottokar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Béla IV of Hungary.source
  • 1346July 11–12 – Edward III and the English army cross the English Channel and begin an invasion of France.source
  • 1346July 12–18 – The English raid and burn neighbouring towns and villages in the Cotentin Peninsula.source
  • 1389English poet Geoffrey Chaucer, who has recently started writing of the works that will be assembled in The Canterbury Tales, is given a job to supplement his income as a writer when he is appointed by King Richard II of England as Clerk of the King's Works, overseer of the construction of royally-sponsored buildings.source
  • 1397King Richard II of England orders the arrest of members of a group of powerful barons known as the Lords Appellant, including Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester and Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. Gloucester is murdered while under house arrest on September 9 and Arundel is behaded on September 21.source
  • 1416The Battle of Sant'Egidio is fought in Italy: soldier of fortune Braccio da Montone, Prince of Capua, conquers Umbria and its capital, Perugia.source
  • 1418England approves and signs the Concordats of Constance.source
  • 1428King James I of Scotland gives royal assent to the Oath by Queen Act 1428 (De juramento prestando Domine Regine) passed by the Parliament of Scotland at Perth.source
  • 1454Within the Duchy of Pomerania in Germany, the Hanseatic League town of Stralsund ends its resistance to the Pomeranian dukes and enters into a peace agreement.source
  • 1466In the fourth year of the Ottoman–Venetian War, Admiral Vettore Cappello of the Republic of Venice Navy lands on the Greek mainland at Piraeus and the Venetians begin marching toward Athens to free it from Ottoman control.source
  • 1470During the Ottoman–Venetian War, the Ottomans capture the Greek island of Euboea, territory of the Republic of Venice, after a four week siege of the fortified city of Negroponte by the Sultan Mehmed II.source
  • 1486Pope Innocent VIII issues the papal bull Catholice fidei defensionem, granting plenary indulgences to people who took part in the war of Casimir IV Jagiellon against the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1488The French army laid siege to Fougères. The city falls on the French on July 19.source
  • 1488Joseon Dynasty official Choe Bu returns to Korea, after months of shipwrecked travel in China.source
  • 1493The Nuremberg Chronicle, written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel as Liber Chronicarum and described as "a history of the world from the Creation to the year 1493", with woodcut illustrations by Michael Wohlgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, is first printed. The expense is undertaken by two German merchants in Nuremberg, Sebald Schreyer and Sebastian Kammermeister.source
  • 1506Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy, becomes the ruler of the Spanish Kingdom of Castile with his insane wife Joanna, but reigns for only two months before dying of typhoid.source
  • 1512The Treaty of Blois is signed in France between representatives of the Spanish Kingdom of Navarre and of the Kingdom of France guaranteeing French intervention to keep Navarre neutral and to prevent an attack by the "Holy League" alliance of Pope Julius II and Spain's King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Castile.source
  • 1537Rodrigo Orgóñez occupies and sacks the Inca center of Vitcos at the battle of Abancay, but Manco Inca Yupanqui escapes and establishes the independent Neo-Inca State elsewhere in Vilcabamba, Peru.source
  • 1542King Francis I, after allying with Suleiman the Magnificent, declares war once again on Charles V, starting the Italian War of 1542–1546.source
  • 1543King Henry VIII of England marries Catherine Parr. It is Henry's sixth and last marriage and Catherine's third. Princess Elizabeth attends the wedding. This month, the Parliament of England passes the Third Succession Act, restoring the Princesses Mary and Elizabeth, Henry's daughters, to the line of succession to the English throne.source
  • 1551The regency over the Kingdom of Spain by Archduchess Maria and her husband, Archduke Maximilian of Austria, ends after almost three years when Maria's brother Crown Prince Philip returns to Madrid. Philip resumes his role as regent for King Charles I, the father of both Maria and Philip; Maria and Maximilian had served during the absence of both the King and the Crown Prince starting on October 1, 1548.source
  • 1555Pope Paul IV creates the Roman Ghetto, the first Jewish ghetto in Rome.source
  • 1557July 10 – July 19: Thomas Radclyffe (newly succeeded as Earl of Sussex), Lord Deputy of Ireland, campaigns against the O'Connors of Offaly.source
  • 1561Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow (started in 1534) is finished.source
  • 1562Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatan, burns the sacred books of the Maya.source
  • 1568The brothers of the King, John and Charles, rebels against Eric XIV in Östergötland, and John is declared regent by the rebels.source
  • 1570Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox is elected and proclaimed Regent of Scotland at the Tolbooth of Edinburgh.source
  • 1573Siege of Haarlem: Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva capture Haarlem, after a seven-month siege.source
  • 1574Selim II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, launches the attempt to reclaim Tunis from control of the Holy Roman Empire with more than 250 warships and 100,000 troops, and to restore North Africa to Muslim control.source
  • 1576The Mughal Empire annexes Bengal after defeating the Bengal Sultanate at the Battle of Rajmahal.source
  • 1580The Ostrog Bible, the first complete printed Bible translation into a Slavic language (Old Church Slavonic), is first printed at Ostroh in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (modern-day Ukraine) by Ivan Fyodorov.source
  • 1585Invasion of Shikoku: The final battle of the invasion, the siege of Ichinomiya Castle, begins.source
  • 1598After fording the Rio Grande near what are now the Mexican city of Juarez and the U.S. city of El Paso, Juan de Oñate proclaims the founding of the colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico (Santa Fe of New Mexico), with himself as the first Viceroy. Oñate establishes the first capital of the New Mexico viceroyalty at a new village, San Juan de los Caballeros, near the Pueblo Indian city of Ohkay Owingeh, now located in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.source
  • 1611The Perpetual Edict is proclaimed for the government of the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) by Archduke Albert VII and his wife Isabella, the joint rulers of the Austrian-controlled nation.source
  • 1627July 5–13 – Turkish Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Algiers raid the East Fjords of Iceland and take captives into slavery.source
  • 1641Portugal and the Dutch Republic sign a Treaty of Offensive and Defensive Alliance at The Hague. The treaty is not respected by both parties, and as a consequence has no effect in the Portuguese colonies (Brazil and Angola) that are under Dutch rule.source
  • 1642The English Parliament votes to raise its own Army, under the command of the Earl of Essex.source
  • 1646Lightning strikes the gunpowder tower of the castle of Bredevoort in the Netherlands, causing an explosion that destroys parts of the castle and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who is not home that day, survives.source
  • 1656Battle of Valenciennessource
  • 1679In England, the "Habeas Corpus Parliament" (or "First Exclusion Parliament") is dissolved, while in recess, by King Charles II. The King exercises his royal prerogative of dissolution to prevent the parliament from passing a bill that would exclude non-Anglicans from the succession to the English throne, specifically the king's Roman Catholic brother, James, Duke of York, as part of the Exclusion Crisis.source
  • 1691Pope Innocent XII becomes the 242nd pope, succeeding Pope Alexander VIII.source
  • 1695The Siege of Namur begins in the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium).source
  • 1704Great Northern War – King Charles XII of Sweden forces the election of his ally Stanisław Leszczyński as King of Poland, in place of Augustus II the Strong.source
  • 1704Great Northern War – Charles XII of Sweden forces the election of his ally Stanisław Leszczyński as King of Poland in place of Augustus II the Strong.source
  • 1720Under the authority of the Bubble Act, the Lords Justices in Great Britain attempt to curb some of the excesses of the stock markets during the "South Sea Bubble". They dissolve a number of petitions for patents and charters, and abolish more than 80 joint-stock companies of dubious merit, but this has little effect on the creation of "Bubbles", ephemeral joint-stock companies created during the hysteria of the times.source
  • 1720Under authority of the Bubble Act, the Lords Justices attempt to curb some of the excesses of the stock markets during the "South Sea Bubble". They dissolve a number of petitions for patents and charters, and abolish more than 80 joint-stock companies of dubious merit, but this has little effect on the creation of "Bubbles", ephemeral joint-stock companies created during the hysteria of the times.source
  • 1723Christian von Wolff holds a lecture for students and the magistrates at the end of his term as a rector, as a result of which he is banned from Prussia, on a charge of atheism.source
  • 1730The papal conclave selects Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini over Cardinal Pietro Marcellino Corradini as the successor to Pope Benedict XIII. Corsini becomes Pope Clement XII as the 246th pope.source
  • 1737Austria enters the Russo-Turkish War as an ally of Russia against the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1739The British East India Company signs a treaty with the Maratha Empire to gain the right of free trade within the territory.source
  • 1765On orders of Chief Pontiac, War Chief Wahpesah of the Kickapoo people releases British Indian Affairs negotiator George Croghan from 35 days of detention. At the same time, Pontiac authorizes a Shawnee Chief, Nanicksah, to sign a treaty with the British on behalf of the Great Lakes tribes, settling the French and Indian War.source
  • 1765George Grenville is dismissed as Prime Minister by King George III.source
  • 1770Industrial Revolution: James Hargreaves obtains a patent for the spinning jenny.source
  • 1771The first voyage of James Cook around the world ends as HMS Endeavour returns to England after almost three years.source
  • 1771first voyage of James Cook (begun 1768): HMS Endeavour anchors in The Downs, and Captain Cook goes ashore at Deal, Kent, following his global circumnavigation.source
  • 1776Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth, England, in HMS Resolution on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic, which will be fatal to him.source
  • 1776Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth in HMS Resolution on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic, which will be fatal to him.source
  • 1789An angry Parisian crowd, inflamed by a speech from journalist Camille Desmoulins, demonstrates against the King's decision to dismiss Minister Necker.source
  • 1790French Revolution: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed. This completes the destruction of the monastic orders, legislating out of existence all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships.source
  • 1794Horatio Nelson loses the sight in his right eye in the British Siege of Calvi in Corsica.source
  • 1796first Orange Institution parades on The Twelfth held to commemorate the Battle of the Boyne (1690) in Portadown, Lurgan and Waringstown.source
  • 1798Battle of Shubra Khit: French troops defeat the Mamelukes, during Napoleon's march from Alexandria to take Cairo.source
  • 1799the Combination Act is passed by Parliament to outlaw trade unions.source
  • 1799Ranjit Singh captures Lahore from the Bhangi Misl, a key step in establishing the Sikh Empire, and becoming Maharaja of the Punjab.source
  • 1799The Combination Act to outlaw trade unions.source
  • 1799Unlawful Societies Act to outlaw clandestine radical societies and require a printer's imprint on all published material.source
  • 1801Second Battle of Algeciras: The British fleet defeats the French and Spanish fleets.source
  • 1806Sixteen German Imperial States leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine, leading to the collapse of the Empire. Liechtenstein is given full sovereignty.source
  • 1806Sixteen German Imperial States leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine; Liechtenstein is given full sovereignty, leading to the collapse of the Empire after 844 years.source
  • 1812Americans invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.source
  • 181212 July (The Twelfth) – first Protestant Orange march in Scotland held in Glasgow, attracting hostile Catholic crowds.source
  • 1821Thomas Kendall, Hongi Hika and Waikato arrive back in the Bay of Islands from their trip to England. While in England they have helped to compile a Maori dictionary, met King George IV who gave Hongi a suit of armour, and Hongi has acquired a number of muskets (his primary purpose).source
  • 1829Orange Institution parades in Belfast are banned, leading to demonstrations and serious rioting in Belfast. This spreads to County Armagh and County Tyrone, lasting several days and resulting in at least 20 deaths.source
  • 1845Henrik Wergeland, poet (born 1808)source
  • 1847A riot occurs in Woodstock, New Brunswick, between Catholics and members of the Orange Order that results in up to ten deaths.source
  • 1857in Belfast, confrontations between crowds of Catholics and Protestants turn into 10 days of rioting, exacerbated by the open-air preaching of Evangelical Presbyterian minister "Roaring" Hugh Hanna, with many of the police force joining the Protestant side. There are also riots in Derry, Portadown and Lurgan.source
  • 1858The Advertiser, a daily newspaper still in circulation, begins publication in Adelaide, Australia.source
  • 1858The first edition of The Advertiser newspaper is published in Adelaide, South Australia.source
  • 1861The Confederate States sign a Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws in Indian Territory.source
  • 1866SS Cawarra was wrecked off Newcastle, only 1 of 61 passengers and crew survivesource
  • 1874Legislative electionsource
  • 1876The Svendborg Railway Line opens between the towns of Odense and Svendborg on Funen.source
  • 1877Prison Act 1877 transfers responsibility for provision of prisons from counties to the Home Office.source
  • 1877July 9–19 – The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club stages the first Wimbledon Championships in lawn tennis. English cricketer Spencer Gore becomes first Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champion (the only event held).source
  • 1878Yellow fever epidemic begins in New Orleans. It will eventually kill 4,500 people.source
  • 1879The German tariff of 1879 is voted for by a majority of 100 in the Reichstag.source
  • 1882July 11–13 – Anglo-Egyptian War: The British Mediterranean Fleet carries out the Bombardment of Alexandria, its forces capturing the city of Alexandria, Egypt, and securing the Suez Canal.source
  • 1884The foundation stone of the National Bank of Romania is laid.source
  • 1886mid-September: Belfast riots begin with the Orange Institution parades and continue sporadically throughout the summer; clashes take place between Catholics and Protestants, and also between Loyalists and police. Thirteen people are killed in a weekend of serious rioting, with an official death toll of 31 people over the period.source
  • 1886mid-September – Belfast riots: Beginning with the Orange Institution parades and continuing sporadically throughout the summer, clashes take place between Catholics and Protestants, and also between Loyalists and police. Thirteen people are killed in a weekend of serious rioting, with an official death toll of 31 people over the period.source
  • 1887Odense Boldklub, the Danish football team, is founded as the Odense Cricket Club.source
  • 1892Free State – Natal-Free State border to Harrismith, 23 mi 12 ch.source
  • 1892A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in Saint-Gervais-les-Bains.source
  • 1892A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in Saint-Gervais-les-Bains.source
  • 1899The British freight ship City of York sinks after striking reefs at Rottnest Island, due to a misunderstanding of signal flare fired from the island's lighthouse. The ship, which was nearing the end of a voyage from San Francisco to Fremantle, Western Australia, evacuates its men in two lifeboats, but one of the boats overturns and 11 men, including the captain, drown.source
  • 1900The new German cruise liner SS Deutschland breaks the record for the Blue Riband on her maiden transatlantic voyage with an average speed of 22.4 kn.source
  • 1901Maidenhead enters the UK Weather Records with the highest sixty-minute total rainfall at 92mm. As of April 2021 this record remains.source
  • 1902The first of the Neuquén–Cipolletti bridges on the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway opens to traffic. The first locomotive to pass over it is number 205, driven by Antonio Mazzarolo.source
  • 1905The University of Sheffield is officially opened by King Edward VII in England.source
  • 1906Alfred Dreyfus is exonerated. He is reinstalled in the French Army on July 21, thus ending the Dreyfus affair.source
  • 1908Bombing of Amalthea Harboursource
  • 1910Charles Rolls becomes the first British aviation fatality when his French-built Wright aeroplane suffers a broken rudder at an altitude of 80 ft and crashes during a contest at Bournemouth.source
  • 1910At the Bournemouth International Aviation Meeting, Charles Rolls becomes the first Briton to be killed in an air crash.source
  • 1912The United States release of Sarah Bernhardt's film Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth is influential in the development of the movie feature. Adolph Zukor, who incorporates Paramount Pictures on May 8, 1914, launches his company as the distributor.source
  • 1912The Cuocolo Trial against the Camorra reaches a verdict. After often tumultuous 17 months, the 47 defendants that included 27 leading Camorra associates were sentenced to a total of 354 years' imprisonment. Enrico Alfano, the main defendant and alleged head of the Camorra, was sentenced to 30 years.source
  • 1916Cesare Battisti and Fabio Filzi, both Austrian subjects but exponents of Trentino irredentism are hanged by the Austrians in Trento. They had enlisted in the Italian army and were captured by the Austrians, who condemned them as deserters.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – At least one shark mauls five swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline during the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, resulting in four deaths and the survival of one youth who required limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1917Bisbee Deportation: The Phelps Dodge Corporation has over 1,000 suspected IWW members from its metal mines deported from Bisbee, Arizona.source
  • 1918The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Kawachi blows up off Tokuyama, Yamaguchi, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.source
  • 1920Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic recognizes independent Lithuania.source
  • 1924United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24) comes to an end. The constitutional government headed by General Horacio Vázquez, elected in the elections held in March, is established.source
  • 1925July 10–21 – Scopes trial: in a staged test case (the "Monkey Trial") in Dayton, Tennessee, United States, John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher (technically arrested on May 5 and indicted on May 25) is accused of assigning a reading from a (state-mandated) textbook on Darwinian evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law, the "Butler Act". He is found guilty and fined $100, though the verdict is later overturned on a technicality. The trial makes explicit the fundamentalist–modernist controversy within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, with William Jennings Bryan (who dies on July 26) being challenged by the liberal Clarence Darrow.source
  • 1926A lightning strike destroys an ammunition depot in Dover, New Jersey.source
  • 1930A streetcar accident occurs near Buenos Aires, when the vehicle's operator fails to notice that the moveable bridge for the tracks has been raised to allow a crossing of the Río de la Plata. The car plunges into the river and its passengers are drowned.source
  • 1931William Grover-Williams and Caberto Conelli win the 1931 Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchampssource
  • 1932Hedley Verity establishes a new first-class cricket record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm.source
  • 1932Hedley Verity of Yorkshire establishes a new first-class cricket record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm.source
  • 1935Rioting breaks out in Belfast following Orange Order parades. By 21 July nine people have been shot dead and scores injured. Rioting continues to the end of August, by which time eight Protestants and five Catholics have been killed, hundreds injured and over 2,000 homes destroyed (almost all Catholic).source
  • 1940Pan American Airways flying boat service from Hawaii to Auckland via Canton Island (not Kingman Reef) commences.source
  • 1941The Cathedral of Tucuman is declared a National Historic Monument.source
  • 1943WWII: Main engagement of the Battle of Prokhorovka – The Wehrmacht and the Red Army fight to a draw in one of the largest tank battles in military history.source
  • 1943World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka, part of the Battle of Kursksource
  • 1945Ben Chifley is elected leader of the Labor Party, and consequently becomes the 16th Prime Minister of Australia, defeating Frank Forde as well as Norman Makin and H.V. Evatt. As a result, Forde becomes the shortest-serving prime minister in Australian history; nevertheless, he retains his post as deputy leader.source
  • 19491949 Bombay KLM Constellation crashsource
  • 19491949 Bombay KLM Constellation crashsource
  • 1951A Linhas Aéreas Paulistas plane collides with a tree located 3 kilometers from the runway at the Aracaju airport, killing 32 passengers and crew.source
  • 1952Ambush of El Turpialsource
  • 1957James Maroni, theologian and priest, Bishop of the Diocese of Agder (born 1873)source
  • 1958Henri Cornelis becomes Governor-General of the Belgian Congo, the last Belgian governor prior to independence.source
  • 1961A Czechoslovak Ilyushin Il-18 crashes while attempting to land at Casablanca, Morocco, killing all 72 on board.source
  • 1961Panshet Dam bursts in Pune causing a massive flood in the city of Pune. Over 1,000 people die.source
  • 1962The Rolling Stones make their debut at London's Marquee Club, opening for Long John Baldry.source
  • 1966Indira Gandhi visits Moscow.source
  • 19671967 Newark riots: After the arrest of an African-American cab driver for allegedly illegally driving around a police car and gunning it down the road, race riots break out in Newark, New Jersey, lasting 5 days and leaving 26 dead.source
  • 1970Thor Heyerdahl's papyrus boat Ra II arrives in Barbados.source
  • 1972July 10–14 – The Democratic National Convention meets in Miami Beach. Senator George McGovern, who backs the immediate and complete withdrawal of U.S. troops from South Vietnam, is nominated for president. He names fellow Senator Thomas Eagleton as his running mate.source
  • 1972The reopening of Yunlin Prison after relocation in Huwei Township, Yunlin County.source
  • 1976California State University, Fullerton massacre: seven people are shot and killed, and two others are wounded in a mass shooting on campus at California State University, Fullerton.source
  • 1976Price Club, as predecessor of Costco, a worldwide membership-registration-only retailer, is founded in California.source
  • 1979A fire at a hotel in Zaragoza, Spain, leaves 72 dead, the worst hotel fire in Europe in decades.source
  • 1979A Disco Demolition Night publicity stunt goes awry at Comiskey Park, forcing the Chicago White Sox to forfeit their game against the Detroit Tigers.source
  • 1983July 12–15 – Typhoon Bebeng, The monsoon spawns a tropical depression on July 12, east of the Philippines. It heads westward, strengthening to a tropical storm that night and a typhoon on the 13th. Vera makes landfall on the 14th as an 85 mph (137 km/h) typhoon in the Philippines, weakens over the islands, especially Luzon, and strengthens over the South China Sea to a 100 mph (160 km/h) typhoon. Damages amounting to a total of US$9 million in the Philippines. The typhoon leaves 45 people dead.source
  • 1986The Emir issues a decree for the formation of a 13th government.source
  • 1989In the Republic of Ireland, the Taoiseach Charles Haughey returns to power after Fianna Fáil forms a coalition with the Progressive Democrats.source
  • 1989July 9–12 – U.S. President George H. W. Bush travels to Poland and Hungary, pushing for U.S. economic aid and investment.source
  • 1989Lotte World, a major recreation complex in Seoul, South Korea, is opened to the public, containing the world's largest indoor amusement park.source
  • 1990Foster v British Gas plc decided in the European Court of Justice, a leading case on the definition of the "state" under European Union law.source
  • 1993The 7.7 Mw Hokkaidō earthquake affects northern Japan with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) and triggers a devastating tsunami that kills 230 on the small island of Okushiri, Hokkaido.source
  • 1994The Allied occupation of Berlin officially ends with a casing of the colors ceremony attended by U.S. president Bill Clinton.source
  • 1997July 9–12: President Glafcos Clerides and his Turkish counterpart Rauf Denktaş held face-to-face talks with each other under U.N. auspices at Troutbeck, New York.source
  • 1998North Korean Raider incident, one frogman found dead on a beach at Donghae on South Korea's east coast.source
  • 2000July 11–25 – A summit meeting takes place at Camp David between United States president Bill Clinton, Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat, ending without an agreement.source
  • 2001The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change releases its Third Assessment Report.source
  • 20062006 Lebanon War: Israeli troops invade Lebanon in response to Hezbollah kidnapping two Israeli soldiers and killing three others. Hezbollah declares open war against Israel two days later.source
  • 2011The planet Neptune completes its first orbit since it was discovered in 1846.source
  • 2015July 5–13 – Greek government-debt crisis: After six months of clashes and futile negotiations between Greece's newly elected, leftist government and the country's creditors, over the austerity measures imposed through bailout programmes, tension peaks as Greece votes in a referendum to reject the terms offered in a third programme; however, the government eventually proceeds to concur to harsher terms than those offered before, in what was widely characterized as a coup on the creditors' part.source
  • 2016The Philippines wins the arbitration case they filed at the Permanent Court of Arbitration regarding the legality of China's "nine-dash line" claim over the South China Sea under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.source
  • 2018July 11–12 – The 2018 Brussels NATO summit is held in Belgium.source
  • 2020In an interview in The New York Times, former secretary of Homeland Security Elaine Duke reports that President Trump's first reaction to Hurricane Maria in 2017 was to sell Puerto Rico.source
  • 20212021 European floods: Heavy rain causes flooding in the border region of Germany and Belgium, resulting in 229 deaths, including 184 in Germany, 42 in Belgium with 1 person still missing there, and 2 in Romania. The event is attributed to a slowed jetstream caused by climate change.source
  • 2022Protesters in Panama continue blocking streets and railways, mainly in Chiriquí and Veraguas Provinces, rejecting the concession by president Laurentino Cortizo of freezing fuel prices.source
  • 2022Former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe was cremated at Kirigaya Funeral Hall in Tokyo.source
  • 2022July 7 – July 17 – The 2022 World Games is held in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.source

Births

  • 1040Yun Kwan, Korean general (died 1111)source
  • 1172Matsudono Moroie, Japanese nobleman (died 1238)source
  • 1303Hugh de Courtenay, English nobleman and knight (died 1377)source
  • 1394Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shōgun (died 1441)source
  • 1477Jacopo Sadoleto, Italian cardinal (died 1547)source
  • 1538Infanta Maria of Guimarães, Portuguese infanta (died 1577)source
  • 1549Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland (died 1587)source
  • 1596Michael I of Russia, Russian Tsar (died 1645)source
  • 1623Elizabeth Walker, English pharmacist (died 1690)source
  • 1651Margaret Theresa of Spain (died 1673)source
  • 1674Abigail Williams, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (died 1765)source
  • 1712Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet, British Colonial governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts Bay (died 1779)source
  • 1730Josiah Wedgwood, English pottery manufacturer and abolitionist (died 1795)source
  • 1730Josiah Wedgwood, pottery manufacturer and abolitionist (died 1795)source
  • 1780Mouzinho da Silveira, statesman, jurist and politician (died 1849)source
  • 1817Henry David Thoreau, American philosopher (died 1862)source
  • 1852Hipólito Yrigoyen, 18th President of Argentina (died 1933)source
  • 1854George Eastman, American photographic inventor (Kodak) (died 1932)source
  • 1864George Washington Carver, African-American botanist (died 1943)source
  • 1880Tod Browning, American motion picture director, horror film pioneer (died 1962)source
  • 1884Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter, sculptor (died 1920)source
  • 1895Buckminster Fuller, American architect (died 1983)source
  • 1904Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1973)source
  • 1937Bill Cosby, African-American actor, comedian, educator and convicted sex offendersource
  • 1977Brock Lesnar, American professional wrestler and former mixed martial artistsource

Deaths

  • 524Viventiolus, Archbishop of Lyon (born 460)source
  • 783Bertrada of Laon, queen consort of Pepin the Shortsource
  • 965In China, Emperor Meng Chang of Later Shu dies after a 30-year reign. His kingdom is invaded and incorporated into the expanding Song dynasty.source
  • 965Meng Chang, emperor of Later Shu (born 919)source
  • 981Xue Juzheng, Chinese scholar-official and historiansource
  • 1067John Komnenos, Byzantine generalsource
  • 1073John Gualbert, Italian monk, abbot and saint (born c. 985)source
  • 1196Maurice II de Craon, Norman noblemansource
  • 1203Isabel de Warenne, English noblewomansource
  • 1230Margaret, Countess of Blois, French noblewoman (born 1170)source
  • 1291Herman VII, Margrave of Baden-Baden ("the Rouser"), German nobleman (born 1266)source
  • 1429Jean Gerson, chancellor of the University of Paris (born 1363)source
  • 1429Jean Gerson, scholar (born 1363)source
  • 1441Kyōgoku Takakazu, Japanese noble and vassal of Ashikaga Yoshinorisource
  • 1441Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shōgun (born 1394)source
  • 1489Bahlul Lodi, sultan of Delhisource
  • 1623William Bourchier, 3rd Earl of Bath (born 1557)source
  • 1643François Duquesnoy, Flemish Baroque sculptor in Rome (born 1597)source
  • 1682Jean Picard, French astronomer (born 1620)source
  • 1691Williamite War in Ireland – Battle of Aughrim: Protestant Williamite forces, led by Godert de Ginkell, decisively defeat Jacobites under the Marquis de St Ruth (who is killed).source
  • 1691John Hamilton, Irish military officer of Scottish descent (born 1650)source
  • 1691Williamite War in Ireland: Battle of Aughrim in County Galway: Protestant Williamite forces led by Godert de Ginkell decisively defeat Jacobites under the Marquis de St Ruth (who is killed).source
  • 1712Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (born 1626)source
  • 1720King Sukjong of Joseon (born 1661)source
  • 1733Anne-Thérèse de Marguenat de Courcelles, French salon holder (born 1647)source
  • 1749George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter of England (born 1702)source
  • 1755Zachariah Williams, inventor, 81source
  • 1762Prince Sado, son of Yeongjo of Joseon (born 1735)source
  • 1773Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist, composer (born 1697)source
  • 1804Alexander Hamilton, American statesman and Founding Father (killed in a duel) (born 1755 or 1757)source
  • 1804Alexander Hamilton, a Founding Father of the United States, founder of the nation's financial system, founder of the Federalist Party, statesman (killed in a duel with Aaron Burr) (born 1755/1757, exact date is unknown)source
  • 1814William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, British general (born 1729)source
  • 1845Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian writer (born 1808)source
  • 1855July 12 (June 30 O.S.) – Pavel Nakhimov, Russian admiral (born 1802)source
  • 1908July 11–12 – The steamship Amalthea, housing 80 British strikebreakers in Malmö harbour, Sweden, is bombed by Anton Nilson; 1 is killed, 20 injured.source
  • 1926Gertrude Bell, British archaeologist, writer, spy and administrator; known as the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq" (born 1868)source
  • 1961Two dams that supply water to the city of Pune in India burst, causing the death of more than 1000 residents.source
  • 1968Hassan Yunus, 10th Menteri Besar of Johor (born 1907).source