1296 CE

Capture of Berwick: King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what is at this time a Scottish border town, with much bloodshed. He slaughters most of the residents, including those who flee to the churches. King Mangrai the Great of Ngoenyang establishes a new capital by founding Chiangmai, and founds the Mangrai Dynasty, that will rule the Lanna Kingdom of Chiangmai from 1296 to 1578 (the 700th Anniversary Stadium will be built in remembrance of this foundation). Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji dies, and his nephew and son-in-law Ala-Ud-Din-Khalji comes to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in Hindustan, becoming the most powerful ruler of his dynasty.

In the 1290s, the 13th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • April 12 – King Mangrai the Great of Ngoenyang establishes a new capital by founding Chiangmai, and founds the Mangrai Dynasty, that will rule the Lanna Kingdom of Chiangmai from 1296 to 1578 (the 700th Anniversary Stadium will be built in remembrance of this foundation).source

Conflict & Security

  • March 30 – Capture of Berwick: King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what is at this time a Scottish border town, with much bloodshed. He slaughters most of the residents, including those who flee to the churches.source
  • April 27 – Battle of Dunbar: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey.source
  • Boniface of Verona expels the Byzantines from their last remaining strongholds on Euboea.source
  • approximate date – Tarabya, self-proclaimed king of Pegu, is defeated in single combat on war elephants by Wareru.source

Religion & Belief

  • February 5 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull, Clericis laicos, stating that, without authority from the Holy See, Kings and other monarchs couldn't take income from the church. This bull was made in retaliation against King Philip IV raising taxes on the churchsource

Science & Discovery

  • Chinese diplomat Zhou Daguan spends a year at the court of Khmer King Indravarman III at Angkor, and pens a journal setting forth his observations.source

Culture & Society

  • October 21 – The formal coronation of Alauddin Khalji as Sultan of Delhi takes place, and he takes the regnal name Muhammad Shah I.source

Births

  • August 10 – "Blind" King John I of Bohemia (died 1346)source
  • December – Marjorie Bruce, Scottish princess, only daughter of Robert I of Scotland (died 1316)source
  • Roland of Sicily, Italian nobleman (died 1361)source
  • Shi Naian, Chinese author (died 1370)source
  • Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Thessalonica (died 1359)source
  • Algirdas, ruler of Lithuania (died 1377)source
  • Blanche of Burgundy, queen consort of France (died 1326)source
  • Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (died 1327)source

Deaths

  • February 8 – King Przemysł II of Poland (born 1257)source
  • March 11 – John le Romeyn, Archbishop of Yorksource
  • March 24 – Odon de Pins, French Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallersource
  • May 17 – Agnes of Bohemia, Duchess of Austria (born 1269)source
  • May 19 – Pope Celestine V (born 1215)source
  • May – William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembrokesource
  • June 5 – Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III of England (born 1245)source
  • June 27 – Count Floris V of Holland (born 1254)source
  • July 20 – Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji dies, and his nephew and son-in-law Ala-Ud-Din-Khalji comes to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in Hindustan, becoming the most powerful ruler of his dynasty.source
  • August 7 – Heinrich II von Rotteneck, prince-bishop of Regensburgsource
  • August 9 – Count Hugh of Brienne, French crusadersource
  • November 1 – Guillaume Durand, French canonist and writersource
  • Dnyaneshwar, Hindu saint and poet (born 1275)source
  • Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji, founder of the Khalji dynasty in Indiasource
  • Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Baron DesmondIrelandsource