1175 CE

A group of Isma'ili Assassins gains access into Saladin's camp and attempts to kill him during the siege of Aleppo. But his bodyguard saves his life, the others are slain while trying to escape. Treaty of Windsor is made between Henry II of England and Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, High King of Ireland, who agrees to rule unoccupied territory as a vassal. The Namayan Kingdom formed by a confederation of barangays, reaches its peak on Luzon (modern Philippines).

In the 1170s, the 12th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • October – Treaty of Windsor is made between Henry II of England and Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, High King of Ireland, who agrees to rule unoccupied territory as a vassal.Irelandsource
  • Treaty of Windsor: High King Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair relinquishes his title and agrees to submit to Henry II as vassal of Connacht in Ireland.source
  • The Namayan Kingdom formed by a confederation of barangays, reaches its peak on Luzon (modern Philippines).source

Conflict & Security

  • May 22 – A group of Isma'ili Assassins gains access into Saladin's camp and attempts to kill him during the siege of Aleppo. But his bodyguard saves his life, the others are slain while trying to escape.source
  • Vordingborg Castle is completed by King Valdemar I of Denmark as a defensive fortress.source
  • Winter – The Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several Welsh noblemen dead, at the orders of Lord William de Braose.source
  • Under the admirals of the clan Banu Mardanish, an Almohad fleet suffers a large defeat at the hand of the Portuguese, as they are trying to re-conquer Lisbon.source

Religion & Belief

  • Count Raymond of Tripoli appoints William II as chancellor of Jerusalem and is elected as archbishop of Tyre.source
  • The High Academy of the Bosnian Church in Moštre (modern-day Visoko), is first mentioned in the Vatican archives.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • The Chinese court establishes several government-paper money factories in the cities of Chengdu, Hangzhou and Huizhou. In Hangzhou alone a daily workforce of more than 1,000 men is employed.source

Crime & Justice

  • Eleanor of Aquitaine is held under house arrest at Old Sarum Castle in Wiltshire. She is kept in comfort there – fine clothes for her are dispatched regularly from London.source

Culture & Society

  • King Henry II begins living openly with his mistress Rosamund Clifford, raising suspicions about their relationship and alienating Henry's wife, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine.source
  • The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy is founded.source

Births

  • February 4 – Nadaungmya, king of Burma (died 1235)source
  • Henry Audley, English nobleman (died 1246)source
  • Margaret of Hungary, Byzantine empress (died 1223)source
  • Raymond of Penyafort, Spanish Dominican friar (died 1275)source
  • Emo of Friesland, Frisian scholar and abbot (died 1237)source
  • Robert Grosseteste, English statesman (died 1253)source
  • Subutai, Mongol general and strategist (died 1248)source
  • Śārṅgadeva, Indian musicologist and writer (died 1247)source
  • Al-Zahir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (died 1226)source
  • Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (House of Welf) (died 1218)source
  • Yolanda, empress of the Latin Empire (died 1219)source
  • Michael Scot, Scottish mathematician and scholar (died 1232)source
  • Frederick I, duke of Austria (died 1198)source
  • Theodore I, emperor of Nicaea (died 1221)source

Deaths

  • January 12 – Yi Ui-bang, Korean military leader (born 1121)source
  • January 24 – Ibn Asakir, Syrian historian and mystic (born 1105)source
  • March 5 – Frederick of Hallum, Frisian priest and abbotsource
  • May 15 – Mleh I, prince of Armeniasource
  • May 25 – Ishoyahb V, patriarch of the Church of the Eastsource
  • July 1 – Reginald de Dunstanville, English nobleman (born 1110)source
  • July 27 – Ponce de Minerva, French nobleman and generalsource
  • October 19 – Andrew of Saint Victor, English abbot and scholarsource
  • November 13 – Henry of France, archbishop of Reims (born 1121)source
  • Clementia of Zähringen, duchess of Bavaria and Saxonysource
  • Maria Torribia, Spanish laywoman and hermitsource
  • Ibn Saad al-Khair al-Balancy, Arab Andalusian linguist and poet (born 1116)source
  • Nicholas Hagiotheodorites, Byzantine scholar and officialsource