/year

November 13 in history

192 sourced entries recorded on November 13, from 354 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 397John Chrysostom is appointed Archbishop of Constantinople.source
  • 684Emperor Tenmu institutes eight titles of eight classes (Yakusa-no-kabane) in Japan.source
  • 1002St. Brice's Day massacre: King Æthelred the Unready orders all Danes in England killed. Æthelred marries (as his second wife) Emma, daughter of Duke Richard I of Normandy.source
  • 1008Kamo Special Festival: The poet Murasaki Shikibu is given her name from a famous court poet, Fujiwara no Kinto; this year she probably starts to write The Diary of Lady Murasaki.source
  • 1023The marriage of King Alfonso V of León to Princess Urraca of Pamplona is confirmed by the Roman Catholic Church.source
  • 1191Battle of Tarain: Sultan Muhammad of Ghor invades northern India, but is defeated by Rajput forces under Prithviraja III, ruler of Ajmer and Delhi. Prithviraj marches against the Ghurid army (some 100,000 men) with infantry, cavalry, and an elephant force. He repulses the Ghurid invasion near Taraori (some 70 miles of Delhi), Muhammad escapes the battlefield.source
  • 1202November 10–24 – Siege of Zara: The Crusaders under Boniface of Montferrat besiege and conquer Zara (modern-day Zadar) in Dalmatia. Despite letters from Innocent III forbidding such an action, and threatening excommunication. The leading citizens of Zara hang banners of crosses along the outer walls, professing their Catholic faith. Nevertheless, the Crusaders breach and sack the city, killing many.source
  • 1239Battle of Gaza: The Crusader army led by Henry of Bar is defeated by the Egyptians near Gaza. More than a thousand men are slaughtered, including Henry himself. Six hundred more are captured and carried off to Egypt. Among them are Amaury VI de Montfort and Philippe de Nanteuil – who, in the dungeons of Cairo, writes a Crusade song about the failure of the expedition.source
  • 1295King Edward I of England ("Longshanks") summons the Model Parliament to Westminster, the composition of which serves as a model for later parliaments. The parliament agrees that a tax can be raised to allow him to launch campaigns against France and the rebellious Scots for the forthcoming year.source
  • 1308The Teutonic Knights capture Gdańsk by treachery – while a Brandenburger force of 100 knights and 200 followers led by Heinrich von Plötzke and Günther von Schwarzburg lay siege to the city. The garrison of Gdańsk castle is too weak to defend itself against the Brandenburgers. Meanwhile, the Polish ruler of Gdańsk Pomerania, Władysław I Łokietek ("Wladyslaw the Elbow-High"), is unable to send reinforcements. The citizens call upon the Teutonic Knights for military help and offer to pay their costs. The arrival of the knights, lead the Brandenburgers to beat a hasty retreat. In an act of supreme treachery, the Teutonic Knights attack the city they have come to save. The houses of both Polish and German are burnt and destroyed. Many people are slaughtered without mercy, including women and children who have sought sanctuary in churches. Within a year, the German Crusaders occupy the whole of Eastern Pomerania and consolidate their power at the Baltic Sea.source
  • 1309After a layover in Masudspur, the Delhi Sultanate Army of General Kafur resumes its march toward Warangal, stopping at Sultanpur on November 19, at Khandar on December 5 and at Nikanth on December 27.source
  • 1311(1 Ocho, 22nd day of 9th month) Munenobu Hojo becomes the regent for the Kamakura Shogunate (to July 1312).source
  • 1312Four years after the marriage of King Edward II of England and Queen consort Isabella, an heir to the throne is born at Windsor Castle, and will be christened four days later. Prince Edward. Upon the death of Edward II in 1327, his son will be crowned King Edward III at the age of 14.source
  • 1393King Richard II of England orders members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons to meet at Westminster on January 27.source
  • 1419The 1419 session of the English Parliament closes after four weeks.source
  • 1437England's Privy Council votes to confirm the independent authority of King Henry.source
  • 1446In Italy, Sante Bentivoglio, who had recently been "working in the wool industry in Florence under another name" becomes the ruler of Bologna at age 20 when he is named as guardian of the young child of the recently-assassinated Annibale I Bentivogliosource
  • 1458Sultan Abd al-Haqq II of Morocco begins a 7-week siege of the Portuguese settlement of Alcácer-Ceguer, but is ultimately unsuccessful in recovering the captured territory.source
  • 1465The Archbishop of Tours, Jean Bernard, excommunicates Bishop Jean de Beauvau of Angers for insubordination.source
  • 1475Burgundian Wars – In the Battle on the Planta, near Sion in the Swiss Canton of Valais, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious against those of the Duchy of Savoy.source
  • 1518Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the Spanish Colonial Governor of Cuba, is granted the office of Captain General of Yucatán, which comprises southern Mexico. Velázquez is also granted the exclusive right to conquer and colonize the new Yucatan Province, but turns the rights over to Francisco de Montejo in 1526.source
  • 1536On "a great misty morning such as hath seldom been seen", Robert Pakington, a London merchant and a member of the English Parliament, becomes the first person in Britain to be murdered with a handgun, while he is walking across the street from his home at Soper's Lane toward the Mercers' Chapel. His assailant is never caught, despite the offer of a large reward.source
  • 1536Robert Aske meets with royal delegates at York, including the Duke of Norfolk and negotiates the return of the homes of Catholic monks and nuns, as well as a safe passage for Aske and several Catholic representatives for a meeting with King Henry VIII.source
  • 1553Lady Jane Grey, who had claimed the title of Queen of England for nine days, is convicted of high treason, along with her husband Lord Guilford Dudley, two of Dudley's brothers, and Thomas Cranmer, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, after trial conducted by a special commission at Guildhall in the City of London. Referred to by the court as "Jane Dudley, wife of Guildford", Lady Jane is found to have treacherously assumed the title and the power of the monarch of England, as evidenced by a number of documents she had signed as "Jane the Quene". All five defendants are sentenced to death. Beheading is the sentence for the men, while Lady Jane is to either be "burned alive on Tower Hill or beheaded as the Queen pleases", with the decision (for a private decapitation) to be made by Queen Mary.source
  • 1555Thomas Cranmer is officially removed from office as the Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury by order of Pope Paul IV and Queen Mary I.source
  • 1569Peace negotiations between Sweden and Denmark in Knäred.source
  • 1577In the Battle of Tedorigawa, Uesugi Kenshin's forces decisively defeat the forces of Oda Nobunaga, in what will be Kenshin's last victory before his death the following year.source
  • 1579During the Second Desmond Rebellion, rebel troops in Ireland, led by Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond, carry out the Sack of Youghal and massacre the English Army garrison, then pillage and burn the homes of local residents.source
  • 1579Desmond's troops sack Youghal during the Second Desmond Rebellionsource
  • 1583In India, the city of Allahabad (modern-day Prayagraj in the state of Uttar Pradesh) is founded as a strategic fortress by Akbar, Emperor of the Mughal Empire.Surendra Nath Sinha (1974).source
  • 1588Dutch Republic and English forces capture Bergen op Zoom, a fortress in the Spanish Netherlands, after a siege of 41 days.source
  • 1594After the Principality of Wallachia (now in Romania) joins other Eastern European nations in a Holy League, a rebellion breaks out in Bucharest as Christian residents massacre the soldiers of the Ottoman Muslim garrison, entering Wallachia into the ongoing Thirteen Years' War.source
  • 1616Italian artist Guido Reni's famous Pietà, commissioned by the Senate of Bologna, is placed on the greater altar of the church of Santa Maria della Pietà.source
  • 1618The Synod of Dort has its first meeting.source
  • 1642First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green – The Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army, and fail to take London.source
  • 1642Battle of Turnham Green: Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.source
  • 1673Dutch troops commanded by Raimondo Montecuccoli and William, Prince of Orange conquer Bonn.source
  • 1715Jacobite rising in Scotland – Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain, led by John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive.source
  • 1715Battle of Sheriffmuir is fought between Jacobites under the Earl of Mar and the Duke of Argyll's army. Although the action is inconclusive, Argyll halts the Jacobite advance. According to legend, Ormacleit Castle on South Uist burns down on the death in this battle of its owner Allan Macdonald, chief of Clanranald.source
  • 1715Battle of Sheriffmuir is fought between Jacobites and the Duke of Argyll's army. Although the action is inconclusive, Argyll halts the Jacobite advance.source
  • 1720India's Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah defeats his brother, pretender Muhammad Ibrahim, in a battle at Hasanpur (in Uttar Pradesh). Ibrahim is returned to incarceration at the citadel of Shahjahanabad, part of modern-day Delhi.source
  • 1736Word of the discovery of silver, south of what is now the U.S.-Mexican border, reaches Sonora Governor Juan Bautista Anza and soon leads to prospectors coming to Nogales to find more silver. Late in October, a Yaqui Indian prospector, Antonio Siraumea, had discovered large slabs of silver ("Las planchas de plata"), and at the Estancia Arizona, a ranch owned by Captain Bernardo de Urrea. The region, and later the U.S. territory, and state of Arizona are named for Urrea's ranch.source
  • 1742The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters is founded.source
  • 1742The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters is founded as a historical Collegium Antiquitatum. It was founded by secretary of state, Count Johan Ludvig Holstein and the history professor Hans Gram.source
  • 1762In the Treaty of Fontainebleau, Louis XV secretly cedes Louisiana (New France) to Charles III of Spain to compensate his ally for territorial losses to Britain.source
  • 1762Treaty of Fontainebleau: Louis XV secretly cedes Louisiana (New France) to Charles III of Spainsource
  • 1775American Revolution: Battle of Montreal – American forces under Brigadier General Richard Montgomery capture Montreal. British General Guy Carleton escapes to Quebec.source
  • 1792Successes of the French Revolutionary Army are celebrated with bonfires and bell-ringing in Dundee and Perth causing the 42nd Regiment of Foot to be sent north to the towns.source
  • 1807The Geological Society of London is founded.source
  • 1822Greek War of Independence: Nafplio falls to the Greek rebels.source
  • 1822The Congregation of St. Basil is founded in France.source
  • 1833November 12–13 – A very spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed all over North America, and is the inspiration for the song "Stars Fell on Alabama".source
  • 1833November 12–13 – "The night the stars fell on Alabama": A spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed in Alabama.source
  • 1833Meteor showers at Niagara, Ontario.source
  • 1841Scottish surgeon James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine in Manchester, which leads to his study of the phenomenon that he (Braid) eventually calls hypnotism.source
  • 1841Surgeon James Braid attends his first demonstration of animal magnetism, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.source
  • 1848At the Battle of Gherla, the Austrian commander Karl von Urban wins a victory with his force of 3.000 against the 12.000-strong Hungarian Revolutionary Army led by Manó Baldacci, the Hungarian commander-in-chief in Transylvania.source
  • 1849The Constitution of California is ratified in a general election.source
  • 1849Swiss-born Marie Manning and her husband Frederick are publicly hanged for the murder of her lover in London, before a crowd of 30,000-50,000.source
  • 1851The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what later becomes Seattle.source
  • 1851The first protected submarine telegraph cable is laid, across the English Channel.source
  • 1869The Newfoundland Colony rejects confederation with Canada in election. The Anti-Confederates winning 21–9.source
  • 1872Claude Monet begins painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant, the painting that will give a name to Impressionism) as viewed from his hotel room at Le Havre in France.source
  • 187213 November (07:35) (probable date) - Claude Monet begins painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant, the painting that will give a name to Impressionism) as viewed from his hotel room at Le Havre.source
  • 1887Bloody Sunday: Police in London clash with radical and Irish nationalist protesters.source
  • 1887Bloody Sunday: Police in London clash with radical and Irish nationalist protesters.source
  • 1895Lumière brothers demonstrate the cinematograph at the Physics Museum of the Catholic University of Leuven, one of the first such demonstrations outside France.source
  • 1899Hunan province opens to foreign trade for the first time.source
  • 1903The United States recognizes the independence of Panama.source
  • 1908The Australian Labor Party withdraws its support for the minority government of Prime Minister Alfred Deakin, forcing his replacement with Andrew Fisher.source
  • 1914Zaian War: Battle of El Herri – Zayanes (Berbers) in Morocco overpower French forces.source
  • 1916Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription.source
  • 1917The ANZAC Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) successfully fights the Battle of Ayun Kara, in the aftermath of the Battle of Mughar Ridge against strong German rearguards.source
  • 1917Battle of Mughar Ridge: The British Imperial Egyptian Expeditionary Force attacks retreating Ottoman-German Yildirim Army Group forces, resulting in the capture of 10,000 Ottoman prisoners, 100 guns and 50 mi of Palestine territory.source
  • 1920The White Army's last units and civilian refugees are evacuated from the Crimea onboard 126 ships, "Wrangel's fleet" (the remnants of the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet), to Turkey, Tunisia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, accompanied by wide-scale civilian massacres. The total number of evacuees amounts to approximately 150,000 people, of which 20% are civilians.source
  • 1925The University of Tokyo Earthquake Research Institute is founded.source
  • 1928November 9 – 16 – Radclyffe Hall's novel The Well of Loneliness (published on 27 July by Jonathan Cape in London, England) is tried and convicted on the grounds of obscenity due to its theme of lesbian love, following a newspaper campaign.source
  • 1931November 4–18 - Jiangqiao Campaignsource
  • 1932Nahum Rakover, Israeli jurist.source
  • 1933The founding of the moshav Elyashiv by Jewish immigrants from Yemen, which was the first settlement to be established by Yemenite Jews.source
  • 1940The Walt Disney animated film Fantasia, the first commercial film shown in stereophonic sound, has its world premiere at the Broadway Theatre in New York City. It is the first box office failure for Disney, though it recoups its cost years later and becomes one of the most highly regarded of Disney's films.source
  • 1942Guadalcanal campaign: Aviators from the USS Enterprise sink the Japanese battleship Hiei.source
  • 1945Explorer Edward Evans is created Baron Mountevans.source
  • 1947Wataru Misaka makes the roster of the New York Knicks to become the first person of color to play in modern professional basketball, months after Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers. Misaka has led the Utah Utes to the 1944 NCAA and 1947 NIT championships.source
  • 1950The President of Venezuela, Colonel Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, is kidnapped and murdered in Caracas.source
  • 1950A Curtiss Reid Flying Services plane crashes while en route to Paris from Rome, killing all 52 on board.source
  • 1951The first postage stamps of Laos are issued.source
  • 1954Great Britain defeats France, to capture the first ever Rugby League World Cup in Paris in front of around 30,000 spectatorssource
  • 1956Browder v. Gayle: The United States Supreme Court declares illegal the state and municipal laws requiring segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama, thus ending the Montgomery bus boycott.source
  • 1957Gordon Gould invents the laser.source
  • 1957Flooding in the Po Valley of Italy leads to flooding also in Venice.source
  • 1965British theatre critic Kenneth Tynan says "fuck" during a discussion on BBC satirical programme BBC-3 for what many believed was the first time on British television. The corporation later issues a public apology.source
  • 1965The SS Yarmouth Castle burns and sinks 60 mi off Nassau, Bahamas, with the loss of 90 lives.source
  • 1967The first of its many UFO sightings is made at Pudasjärvi, Finland.source
  • 1970Hafez al-Assad comes to power in Syria, following a military coup within the Ba'ath Party.source
  • 19701970 Bhola cyclone: A 120-mph (193 km/h) tropical cyclone hits the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (modern-day Bangladesh), killing an estimated 500,000 people (considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster). It gives rise to the temporary island of New Moore / South Talpatti.source
  • 1971Mariner program: Mariner 9 becomes the first spacecraft to enter Mars orbit successfully.source
  • 1974Ronald Joseph DeFeo Jr. shoots and kills all six of his family members while they sleep in their beds inside the family's Amityville, New York, home.source
  • 1983The first United States cruise missiles arrive at RAF Greenham Common in the UK amid protests from peace campaigners.source
  • 1985Armero tragedy: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by lahars, in the town of Armero, Colombia.source
  • 1985Armero tragedy: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts in the Tolima Department, causing mudflows, landslides, and debris flows to rip through the towns surrounding it. The town of Armero in particular is heavily affected. At least 23,000 people die, including 20,000 of the 29,000 residents of Armero. Property damage is assessed to be around one billion dollars, a fifth of Colombia's 1985 GDP. The disaster sparks outrage against the government for perceived mismanagement in the relief efforts and neglect leading up to the disaster.source
  • 1989Hans-Adam II becomes Prince of Liechtenstein on the death of his father, Prince Franz Joseph II.source
  • 1990The first known web page is written.source
  • 1991The United Kingdom and the United States charge two Libyan men with the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing.source
  • 1992A report by the World Meteorological Organization reports an unprecedented level of ozone depletion in both the Arctic and Antarctic.source
  • 1994Voters in Sweden decide to join the European Union in a referendum.source
  • 1997Ramzi Yousef is found guilty of masterminding the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.source
  • 1997Nawaz Sharif promises US president Bill Clinton he will find those responsible for the killing of four US businessmen and their Pakistani driver.source
  • 2002Prestige oil spill: Greek oil tanker MV Prestige begins spilling oil off the coast of Galicia. It will continue until November 19, spilling 60,000 tonnes of oil in the worst environmental disaster in the history of the Iberian Peninsula.source
  • 2004The European Space Agency probe SMART-1 arrives at the Moon, becoming the first European satellite to fly to the Moon and orbit it.source
  • 2005Andrew Stimpson, a 25-year-old Scottish man, is reported as the first person proven to have been 'cured' of HIV.source
  • 2009Having analyzed the data from the LCROSS lunar impact, NASA announces that it has found a "significant" quantity of water in the Moon's Cabeus crater.source
  • 2010Burmese opposition politician Aung San Suu Kyi is released from her house arrest after being incarcerated since 1989.source
  • 2012Activision releases Call of Duty: Black Ops II.source
  • 2012A total solar eclipse occurs in parts of Australia and the South Pacific. It is the 45th of 72 solar eclipses of Solar Saros 133.source
  • 2015Multiple terrorist attacks claimed by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in Paris, France, result in 130 fatalities.source
  • 2015The United States begins airstrikes in Libya.source
  • 2019Public impeachment hearings against U.S. President Donald Trump begin in the House of Representatives.source
  • 202012 December: 2020 Taça 12 de Novembro.source
  • 2020Finance Minister Bwalya Ng’andu says that Zambia is defaulting on its debt.source
  • 2021October 31–November 13 – The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in Glasgow, after being postponed in 2020 due to COVID-19. A deal is agreed by world leaders, which includes a "phasedown" of unabated coal power, a 30% cut in methane emissions by 2030, plans for a halt to deforestation by 2030, and increased financial support for developing countries.source
  • 2022November 6–November 18 – The 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) on climate change mitigation takes place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.source
  • 2024The 6th SADC Groundwater Conference on regional groundwater management, technology, and governance is held.source
  • 2024November 11–22 – COP29 is held in Baku, Azerbaijan.source
  • 2025November 10–21 – The COP30 summit is held in Belém, Brazil, focusing on the role of the Amazon rainforest in climate action.source
  • 2025The New Glenn rocket booster lands for the first time.source

Births

  • 354Augustine of Hippo, North African bishop (died 430)source
  • 1312Edward III, king of England and Ireland (died 1377)source
  • 1486Johann Eck, German Scholastic theologian and defender of Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation (died 1543)source
  • 1504Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (died 1567)source
  • 1559Al-Mansur al-Qasim, Imam of Yemen (died 1620)source
  • 1663Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector (died 1730)source
  • 1715Dorothea Erxleben, first German female physician (died 1762)source
  • 1732John Dickinson, Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania (died 1808)source
  • 1760Jiaqing Emperor of China (died 1820)source
  • 1761John Moore, British general (died 1809)source
  • 1780Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of The Punjab (Sikh Empire), (died 1839)source
  • 1806Emilia Plater, Polish heroine (died 1831)source
  • 1814Joseph Hooker, American general (died 1879)source
  • 1833Edwin Booth, American tragedian (died 1893)source
  • 1838Joseph F. Smith, 6th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (died 1918)source
  • 1850Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (died 1894)source
  • 1856Louis Brandeis, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 1941)source
  • 1896Nobusuke Kishi, Prime Minister of Japan (died 1987)source
  • 1896Nobusuke Kishi, politician and Prime Minister of Japan (died 1987)source
  • 1953Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President of Mexico (2018–2024)source
  • 1955Whoopi Goldberg, American actress and comediansource
  • 1957Greg Abbott, American attorney and politiciansource
  • 1973Paulo dos Santos, footballersource
  • 1973Hester Veltman-Kamp, politiciansource

Deaths

  • 867Nicholas I, pope of the Catholic Churchsource
  • 867Pope Nicholas I dies after a 9-year reign. He is succeeded by Adrian II (also referred to as Hadrian II), as the 106th pope of Rome.source
  • 1002Gunhilde, Danish princess and noblewomansource
  • 1002Pallig, Danish chieftain (jarl) of Devonshiresource
  • 1004Abbo of Fleury, French abbotsource
  • 1009Dedo I, German nobleman (born 950)source
  • 1055Welf III, duke of Carinthiasource
  • 1093Malcolm III, king of Scotland (born 1031)source
  • 1093Battle of Alnwick: King Malcolm III of Scotland invades Northumberland, but is killed by English forces under Earl Robert de Mowbray while besieging Alnwick Castle. He is succeeded by his brother Donald III ("the Fair") as ruler of Scotland.source
  • 1143King Fulk of Jerusalem dies after a hunting accident in Acre. He is succeeded by his 13-year-old son Baldwin III – who is crowned as co-ruler alongside his mother, Queen Melisende on Christmas Day. Due to the political situation the Crusader States of Tripoli, Antioch and Edessa assert their independence. Raymond of Antioch demands the return of Cilicia to his principality and invades the province.source
  • 1143Fulk (the Younger), king of Jerusalemsource
  • 1152William of St. Barbe, Norman bishopsource
  • 1160Within weeks of the death of his second wife, Queen Constance of Castile, King Louis VII of France marries Adela of Champagne, daughter of Count Theobald II ("the Great").source
  • 1175Henry of France, archbishop of Reims (born 1121)source
  • 1197Homobonus of Cremona, Italian merchant and saintsource
  • 1239Henry II of Bar, French nobleman (born 1190)source
  • 1278Barnim I, German nobleman (House of Griffin)source
  • 1317Yahballaha III, Patriarch of the Church of the East in Byzantium, dies after serving 26 years as leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Timothy II of Seleucia-Ctesiphon will be elected to succeed him.source
  • 1317Yahballaha III, Turkic patriarch of the Church of the Eastsource
  • 1319Eric VI Menved, king of Denmark (born 1274)source
  • 1319King Eric VI of Denmark dies after a 33-year reign at Roskilde, leaving a vacancy that will not be filled until the January election of his brother Christopher II. During his rule, he attempts to control the routes of the Hanseatic League. The Hanse, an association of Baltic merchants, expels the English and Scots, and gains a monopoly of trade with Norway.source
  • 1345Constance of Peñafiel, queen consort of Pedro I of Portugal (born 1323)source
  • 1359Ivan II of Russia, Grand Duke of Moscovy (born 1326)source
  • 1369Thomas Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwicksource
  • 1440Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorelandsource
  • 1460Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese patron of exploration (born 1394)source
  • 1462Anne of Austria, Landgravine of Thuringia, consort of William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (born 1432)source
  • 1502Annio da Viterbo, Italian Dominican friar and scholar (born 1432)source
  • 1647Battle of Knocknanuss: An Irish confederate force is destroyed by the army of Parliament; Alasdair MacColla is killed.source
  • 1708Charles, Count of Marsan, French noble (born 1648)source
  • 1745Iver Rosenkrantz, statesman and landowner (born 1674)source
  • 1770George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (born 1712)source
  • 1785Joaquín Ibarra, Spanish printer (born 1725)source
  • 1863Ignacio Comonfort, President of Mexico 1855-1857 (killed in action) (born 1812)source
  • 1863Ignacio Comonfort, President of Mexico 1855-1857 (born 1812)source
  • 1868Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer (born 1792)source
  • 1903Camille Pissarro, French painter (born 1830)source
  • 1939Lois Weber, American actress (born 1881)source
  • 1970Jeon Tae-il, workers' rights activist (born 1948)source
  • 1998Semanggi I shooting: 17 people are killed and many injured after troops fired on protestors near the Semanggi intercharge. Maria Catarina Sumarsih held Prabowo Subianto responsibilities for involved during the event and in a series of human rights abuses.source
  • 2005Eddie Guerrero, 38, Mexican-American WWE professional wrestler, heart failure.source
  • 2016Aloysius Ferdinandus Zichem, Roman Catholic bishop (born 1933).source