/year

July 27 in history

227 sourced entries recorded on July 27, from 64 CE to 2022 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 64July 18- 27 – Great Fire of Rome: A fire begins which destroyed three of fourteen of the administrative regions of Rome, more commonly known as the Palatine Hill, the Circus Maximus, and the Oppian hill. Also suffering severe damage were the Campus Martius and the Via Lata.source
  • 657July 26 - July 28 – Battle of Siffin: Muslim forces under Ali ibn Abi-Talib fight an inconclusive battle against Mu'awiya I, on the banks of the Euphrates, near Raqqa (Syria).source
  • 678The Siege of Thessalonica (676–678) ends, when the Sclaveni withdraw.source
  • 1024Thu'ban ibn Muhammad becomes the new Fatimid Governor of Aleppo.source
  • 1054Siward, earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland, to support King Malcolm III against Macbeth, who has usurped the Scottish throne from Malcolm's father, Duncan I. Macbeth is defeated at Dunsinane.source
  • 1128The city of Bruges in Flanders (modern Belgium) receives its city charter as well new walls, and canals are built.source
  • 1202Battle of Basian: Seljuk forces (some 150,000 men) under Suleiman II of Rûm advance toward the Georgian border and are met by a 65,000-strong army led by King David Soslan, husband of Queen Tamar I of Georgia, at Basian. The Georgians assail the enemy's camp and in a pitched battle, the Seljuk forces are overwhelmed and defeated. The loss of the sultan's banner (while Suleiman himself is wounded), results in panic within the Seljuk ranks. The victory at Basian secures the Georgian preeminence in the region.source
  • 1214Battle of Bouvines: Philip II defeats an army (some 9,000 men) of German, English and Flemish soldiers led by Otto IV near Bouvines, ending the Anglo-French War. The French forces have taken a considerable number of soldiers prisoner, including 131 knights and five counts with Ferdinand, Renaud I and William Longespée among them.source
  • 1214Battle of Bouvines: Philip II defeats an army of 25,000 German, English and Flemish soldiers led by Otto IV near Bouvines. The French forces take 9000 soldiers prisoner, including 131 knights and five counts with Count Ferdinand of Flanders, Count Renaud I of Boulogne and William Longespée among them.source
  • 1225Visby Cathedral in Sweden is consecrated.source
  • 1299Osman I (or Othman) declares the Anatolian beylik (principality) to be independent of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, originating the Ottoman Empire. Osman becomes the founder and the first ruler, with Söğüt as the capital, which will last until the 1920s.source
  • 1302Battle of Bapheus: To counter the Turkish threat at Nicomedia, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos sends a Byzantine force (some 2,000 men) to cross over the Bosporus to relieve the city. On the plain, Turkish forces (some 5,000 light cavalry) led by Sultan Osman I defeat the Byzantines, who are forced to withdraw to Nicomedia. After the battle, Andronikos loses control of the countryside of Bithynia, withdrawing to the forts. Meanwhile, Turkish forces capture Byzantine settlements, such as the coastal city of Gemlik.source
  • 1341ordinance excluding all but Englishmen beneficed in England from holding office in Ireland.source
  • 1346Roger de la Freigne, Sheriff of Kilkenny, "seized a great prey over Cearbhall Mac Giollaphádraig and over his men such as had rearely been taken in those parts, remembered by men for many years." [8].source
  • 1361Battle of Visby: King Valdemar IV of Denmark conquers the city of Visby by defeating the defending Gutnish country yeomen, and takes Gotland.source
  • 1398Following the consensus of the Assembly of Paris of that had begun meeting on May 11, King Charles V of France signs an ordinance withdrawing obedience to both the French Avignon pope Benedict XIII and to Rome's Pope Boniface IX to issue benefices to persons who offer services to the Catholic Church. An army led by Geoffrey Boucicaut occupies Avignon, and starts a five-year siege of the papal palace.source
  • 1404In Southern India, Bukka Raya II becomes the new ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire in what are the modern-day Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.source
  • 1417After being the last claimant to the papacy, the Antipope Benedict XIII is excommunicated and deposed by the Council of Constance, bringing to an end the Great Western Schism.source
  • 1473René II, Count of Vaudémont becomes the new Duke of Lorraine, at the time an independent principality within the Holy Roman Empire, upon the death of his cousin, Nicholas I. after his mother, the Duchess Yolande gives up her rights to the throne.source
  • 1478A fleet of Portuguese warships arrives at the Bay of Isletas to rescue the Canarians and drive the Castilians off of Gran Canaria. Alerted to the Portuguese invaders, Rejón arranges for an ambush of the first to come ashore.source
  • 1501Copernicus is formally installed as canon of Frauenberg Cathedral.source
  • 1508The process of removing the former layers of paint on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is completed, and Michelangelo begins the next phase of marking the surface for painting.source
  • 1518Battle of Brännkyrka: The Kalmar Union, led by King Christian II of Denmark, is defeated by the Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger.source
  • 1531A dozen leaders of the Rivageois revolt hanged in Liège.source
  • 1549(Tenbun 18, 3rd day of the 7th month) European Jesuit Francis Xavier arrives in Japan at the port of Kagoshima, the first Christian missionary there, but is not allowed to go to shore until three weeks later.source
  • 1552The Ottomans capture the city of Temesvar.source
  • 1581Capture of Breda: After a surprise attack the day before, Spanish troops under the command of Claude de Berlaymont, Lord of Haultepenne, take the walled city Breda in the Netherlands. Once inside the gates, the Spanish troops overcome the defenders and carry out the massacre of 584 citizens in the "Haultepenne Fury".source
  • 1610July 27 (July 17 O.S.) – Vasili Ivanovich Shuisky, who proclaimed himself Tsar of Russia on May 19, 1606, is deposed as the Seven Boyars remove him from office to select a new ruler.source
  • 1626George II becomes the new Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt upon the death of his father, Louis V.source
  • 1627An earthquake destroys the cities of San Severo and Torremaggiore in southern Italy.source
  • 1628City of Antwerp orders public thanksgiving for deliverance from plaguesource
  • 1647A mob invades both Houses of the English Parliament at Westminster, and forces the Speakers of the House of Commons and the House of Lords to flee, along with other MPs and Peers.source
  • 1649The Commonwealth of England Parliament passes the "Act for the promoting and propagating the Gospel of Jesus Christ in New England" to create the "Company for Propagation of the Gospel in New England and the parts adjacent in America" for Christian missionary ministries to Native American tribes. The New England Company will continue to operate more than three and a half centuries later.source
  • 1655The Jews in New Amsterdam petition for a separate Jewish cemetery.source
  • 1655The Netherlands and Brandenburg sign a military treaty.source
  • 1656A Writ of Excommunication is issued against Baruch Spinoza.source
  • 1663The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act, requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports.source
  • 1663Parliament passes the second Navigation Act, requiring all goods bound for the American colonies to be sent in English ships from English ports.source
  • 1663the Parliament of England passes the second Navigation Act, restricting Irish trade with colonies and the cattle trade with England.source
  • 1668Bombay is granted to the East India Company.source
  • 1676Nearly 200 Nipmuc tribesmen surrender to the English colonists in Boston.source
  • 1694The Bank of England is founded through Royal charter by the Whig-dominated Parliament of England, following a proposal by Scottish merchant William Paterson to raise capital, by offering safe and steady returns of interest guaranteed by future taxes. A total of £1.2 million is raised for the war effort against Louis XIV of France by the end of the year, to establish the first-ever government debt.source
  • 1694the Bank of England is established by Royal charter following a proposal by Scottish-born merchant William Paterson; John Houblon becomes its first Governor.source
  • 1697Mahmud Shah II, the Sultan of Johor and Pahang (now part of Malaysia) takes on full power upon the death of the regent, the Bendahara Paduka Raja. Mahmud II was only 10 years old when he became the Sultan upon the assassination of his father, Ibrahim Shah in 1685.source
  • 1709Japan's Emperor Higashiyama abdicates after a reign of 23 years that began in 1687, and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is enthroned as the Emperor Nakamikado.source
  • 1710The Battle of Almenar takes place in the Iberian theatre of the War of the Spanish Succession.source
  • 1714The Imperial Russian Navy gains its first important victory against the Swedish Navy in the Battle of Gangut.source
  • 1714Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, is dismissed as Lord High Treasurer.source
  • 171627 July Griffith Jones becomes rector of Llanddowror, under the patronage of his brother-in-law Sir John Philipps, 4th Baronet.source
  • 1720The Battle of Grengam takes place in the Ledsund strait between the island communities of Föglö and Lemland. It is the last major naval battle in the Great Northern War taking place in the Åland Islands, marking the end of Russian and Swedish offensive naval operations in Baltic waters.source
  • 17201720 års skråordning, the first national guild regulation is introduced, which replaces all the local guild regulations and is in place until the abolition of the guild system by the Fabriks och Handtwerksordning and Handelsordningen of 1846.source
  • 1724"Peter the Wild Boy" is captured near Helpensen in Hanover.source
  • 1729A fire that breaks out on this day in Constantinople destroys 12,000 houses and kills 7,000 inhabitants.source
  • 1736riots in east London protesting at Irish immigrants to England providing cheap labour.source
  • 1736riots in east London protesting at Irish immigrants providing cheap labour.source
  • 1759July 26–27 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) – Battle of Ticonderoga: At the southern end of Lake Champlain, French forces withdraw from Fort Carillon, which is taken by the British under General Amherst, and renamed Fort Ticonderoga.source
  • 176027 July? – the Trustees Drawing Academy of Edinburgh, predecessor of Edinburgh College of Art, is established.source
  • 1772the Johnston Baronetcy, of Gilford in the County of Down, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland.source
  • 1778American Revolutionary War: First Battle of Ushant – British and French fleets fight to a standoff.source
  • 1781French spy François Henri de la Motte is hanged and drawn before a large crowd at Tyburn, London in England for high treason.source
  • 1781French spy François Henri de la Motte executed at Tyburn (London) for high treason.source
  • 1789The first agency of the Federal government of the United States under the new Constitution, the Department of Foreign Affairs (on September 15 renamed the Department of State), is established.source
  • 1790The Convention of Reichenbach is signed between Prussia and Austria.source
  • 1803Caledonian Canal authorized by Act of Parliament and construction begins; Thomas Telford also begins work on improving roads in Scotland.source
  • 1804The Twelfth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which reforms the way that candidates for President and Vice President are chosen, is ratified by Tennessee, removing doubt surrounding adoption.source
  • 1809July 27–28 - Battle of Talaverasource
  • 1813August 10 - Siege of Chillánsource
  • 1816U.S. forces destroy the Negro Fort in Spanish Florida.source
  • 1821Sir Thomas Phillipps is created a baronet.source
  • 1822Guayaquil Conference: Simón Bolívar and General José de San Martín meet in Guayaquil, which Bolívar later annexes.source
  • 1830"The Three Glorious Days" of the July Revolution in France begin. The Paris mob clashes with the National Guard: over the period 1,800 rioters and 300 soldiers will die.source
  • 1830July 27–29 – July Revolution ("Three Glorious Days") – people in Paris rebel against the Ordinance of St. Cloud by King Charles X of France and clash against the National Guard – 1,800 rioters and 300 soldiers die and the king has to flee the capital.source
  • 1836The settlement of Adelaide, South Australia, is founded.source
  • 1853Iesada succeeds his father Ieyoshi as Japanese shōgun. The Late Tokugawa shogunate (the last part of the Edo period in Japan) begins.source
  • 1863Commercial treaty with the Austrian Empire, bringing relations into line with the free trade agreements already signed with France (1861), the United Kingdom (1862) and the Netherlands (1863).source
  • 1863South Wales Cricket Club defeat Gentlemen of Kent at Cranbrook.source
  • 1865Welsh settlers arrive in Argentina at Chubut Valley.source
  • 1865Businessman Asa Packer establishes Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.source
  • 1866The SS Great Eastern successfully completes laying the transatlantic telegraph cable between Valentia Island, Ireland, and Heart's Content, Newfoundland, permanently restoring a communications link.source
  • 1868The United States Expatriation Act ("An Act concerning the Rights of American Citizens in foreign States") is adopted.source
  • 1880Second Anglo-Afghan War – Battle of Maiwand: Afghan troops under Ayub Khan defeat British and Indian forces, under Brigadier General George Burrows.source
  • 1896A causeway is opened between the islands of Saaremaa and Muhu in Estonia.source
  • 1897July 26–August 2 – Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand, on the Northwest frontier of British India (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan).source
  • 1899Gold is discovered in Nome, Alaska, leading to the Nome Gold Rush.source
  • 1905The Taft–Katsura agreement is reached in Tokyo.source
  • 1905Edward Joris arrested in Istanbul for his part in the Yıldız assassination attempt.source
  • 1908July 27–28 – The 1908 Hong Kong typhoon sinks the passenger steamer Ying King, causing 421 deaths.*July 29 - The White Star Line company begins the construction of the Titanicsource
  • 1909July 25–August 2 – "Tragic Week" (La Semana Trágica/la Setmana Tràgica): The city of Barcelona experiences a workers' uprising.source
  • 1910On July 27, Qing Dynasty Government approved the loans from the foreign banks. (Shanghai rubber stock market crisis)source
  • 1913The town of San Javier, Uruguay, is founded by Russian settlers.source
  • 1913Tour de France ends, won by Philippe Thys of Belgium.source
  • 1914Felix Ysagun Manalo registers the Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ) with the government of the Philippines.source
  • 1914Iglesia ni Cristo is registered to the government by Felix Manalo.source
  • 1920Tour de France ends, won by Philippe Thys of Belgium.source
  • 1921Researchers at the University of Toronto, led by biochemist Frederick Banting, announce the discovery of the hormone insulin.source
  • 1921Frederick Banting and Charles Best discover insulinsource
  • 1922The Cherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast is established within the Russian SFSR.source
  • 1929Geneva Convention (1929), also known as "Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva July 27, 1929", is signedsource
  • 1929The Geneva Convention addresses the treatment of prisoners of war.source
  • 1929The Red Crescent is adopted as an additional emblem of the League of Red Cross Societies.source
  • 1929Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field (1929) is signedsource
  • 1937July 25–31 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, a series of actions fought around Beiping and Tianjin, result in Japanese victory.source
  • 1937Hans Dahl, painter (born 1849)source
  • 1939The first recorded snow falls in Auckland, New Zealand, since records began in 1853.source
  • 1940Eleven British nationals, including Melville James Cox, are arrested on suspicion of spying for military intelligence by the secret police in Japan. Cox commits suicide in Tokyo on July 29, according to a report by the Japanese Foreign Ministry.source
  • 1940Bugs Bunny makes his debut in the Oscar-nominated cartoon short, A Wild Hare. However, it is not until 1941 that his name is adopted.source
  • 1943World War II: Operation Gomorrah – The continued British bombing of Hamburg, initiates a firestorm. The fire rages through the night into the morning of the 28th, causing the majority of Operation Gomorrah's deaths.source
  • 1944WWII: Soviet forces liberate Lvov, Stanislav and Białystok, and the following day enter Brest, Belarus.source
  • 1945WWII: Bombing of Aomori – Two USAAF B-29s drop a total of 60,000 leaflets on the Japanese city of Aomori, warning civilians of an air raid and urging them to leave immediately.source
  • 1947July 27–28 – English endurance swimmer Tom Blower becomes the first person to swim the North Channel, from Donaghadee in Northern Ireland to Portpatrick in Scotland.source
  • 1949Rhodesia beats the New Zealand national rugby union team (the All Blacks) 10–8, in an exhibition match in Bulawayo, the only non-Test nation ever to achieve this feat.source
  • 1949The de Havilland Comet, the world's first jet-powered airliner, makes its first flight, in England.source
  • 1953The Korean War ends, with the Korean Armistice Agreement: The United Nations Command (Korea) (United States), China and North Korea sign an armistice agreement at Panmunjom, and the north remains communist, while the south remains capitalist. No formal peace treaty is ever signed.source
  • 1955First General Elections in Malaya. Alliance Party (Parti Perikatan) won 51 parliament seats of 52.source
  • 1955July 25-August 4: Bishops from all over Latin America meet in Rio de Janeiro for the first Episcopal Conference of Latin America.source
  • 1955El Al Flight 402 from Vienna (Austria) to Tel Aviv, via Istanbul, is shot down over Bulgaria. All 58 passengers and crewmen aboard the Lockheed Constellation are killed.source
  • 1955After straying into Bulgarian airspace, El Al Flight 402 was shot down by two MiG-15 fighter jets, resulting in the deaths of all 58 on board.source
  • 1957July 25–28 - According to Japanese government official confirmed report, heavy massive torrential rain and flood swept hit around Isahaya, Kyushu Island. 992 persons lost their lives in mudslides and flooding.source
  • 1960July 25–28 – In Chicago, the 1960 Republican National Convention nominates Vice President Richard Nixon as its candidate for President of the United States, and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. for vice-president.source
  • 1963The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation began. War broke out.source
  • 1965Edward Heath becomes Leader of the British Conservative Party.source
  • 1968July 23–28 – Black militants led by Fred (Ahmed) Evans engage in a fierce gunfight with police in the Glenville Shootout of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, leaving 7 people killed.source
  • 1971July 25–30 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli records two Debussy works in Munich for Deutsche Grammophon, his fifth recording.source
  • 1972The McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle fighter aircraft makes its first flight in the United States.source
  • 1973For the first time in Singapore, the government executed its first female death row inmate in the country since its independence eight years back. 34-year-old Mimi Wong was earlier sentenced to death by the High Court for the 1970 murder of Ayako Watanabe, and has lost her appeals since. Wong's 40-year-old husband Sim Wor Kum, who assisted her to commit the murder, was also executed on the same day as Wong.source
  • 1976The United Kingdom breaks diplomatic relations with its former colony Uganda in response to the hijacking of Air France Flight 139.source
  • 1976Delegates attending an American Legion convention at The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, US, begin falling ill with a form of pneumonia: this will eventually be recognised as the first outbreak of Legionnaires' disease and will end in the deaths of 29 attendees.source
  • 1977The Soviet Politburo orders Boris Yeltsin to demolish the Ipatiev House, where Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family were shot in 1918. Yeltsin later refers to this as a barbarian act.source
  • 1977The Politburo orders Boris Yeltsin, First Secretary of Sverdlovsk Oblast, to demolish the Ipatiev House, where Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family were shot in 1918.source
  • 1981July 23–29 – Strong temperature drops are recorded in much of the country. Snow falls in cities like La Serena and Copiapó, where previously thought impossible.source
  • 1984The commissioning of first unit of Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant in Pingtung County.source
  • 1985The 63 Building officially opens as the tallest skyscraper outside of North America in Yeouido, Seoul, South Korea.source
  • 1987Salvage dives begin on the wreck of the Titanic; survivor Eva Hart likens the salvage teams to "vultures."source
  • 1989In the largest prison sentence to date, Thai financial scammer Mae Chamoy Thipyaso and her accomplices are each sentenced to 141,078 years in prison.source
  • 1990Cold War: Belarus declares its sovereignty, a key step toward independence from the Soviet Union.source
  • 1990The parliament building and a government television house in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago are stormed by the Jamaat al Muslimeen in a coup d'état attempt which lasts five days. Approximately 26 to 30 people are killed and several are wounded (including the prime minister, A. N. R. Robinson, who is shot in the leg).source
  • 199027 July – 1 August – Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attemptsource
  • 1996Indonesian government forces attacked the head office of the Indonesian Democratic Party, which was being occupied by supporters of recently ousted party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri.source
  • 1996The Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the United States kills one person and injures 111.source
  • 1999Twenty-one people die in a canyoning disaster at the Saxetenbach Gorge near Interlaken, Switzerland.source
  • 2000Nepal Airlines de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter crashes in Dadeldhura District killing 25 people.source
  • 2002The Sknyliv air show disaster takes place, killing 77, becoming the deadliest air show accident of all time.source
  • 2002A Ukrainian Air Force Sukhoi Su-27 piloted by Volodymyr Toponar and co-piloted by Yuriy Yegorov crashed during an aerobatics presentation at Sknyliv airfield near Lviv, killing 77 people and injured 543, 100 of whom were hospitalized, making it the deadliest air show accident in history.source
  • 2002July 25–August 4 – The 2002 Commonwealth Games are held in Manchester, England.source
  • 2005Cargolux announces its intention to buy ten Boeing 747-8s, with options on ten more.source
  • 2011Rudolf Baláž, bishop (born 1940).source
  • 2012August 12 – The 2012 Summer Olympics are held in London, England, United Kingdom.source
  • 201227 July to 12 August - Paraguay at the 2012 Summer Olympicssource
  • 2013July 22–28 – XIV World Youth Day, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.source
  • 2014July 23–August 3 – The 2014 Commonwealth Games takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.source
  • 2018The longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century occurs, lasting 102 minutes and 57.3 seconds, but the longest total lunar eclipse of the 3rd millennium will occur on May 12, 2264, lasting 106 minutes and 13.2 seconds, over 3 minutes longer than this eclipse. It was the 38th eclipse of Lunar Saros 129, with an umbral eclipse magnitude of 1.60868. The total lunar eclipse with the greatest magnitude in the 21st century will occur on June 26, 2029, with an umbral eclipse magnitude of 1.84362.source
  • 2018A total lunar eclipse takes place in Malta, along with other countriessource
  • 201940 killed in an Israeli aerial attack on Camp Ashraf in Iraq, targeting IRGC and PMF stockpiles of ballistic missile launchers.source
  • 2021Prime Minister Mia Mottley announced on the Day of National Significance in Barbados that her cabinet had decided that Barbados would become a parliamentary republic by 30 November, and accepted the recommendations of the Forde Commissionsource
  • 2022A 7.0 earthquake strikes the island of Luzon in the Philippines killing 11 people and injuring over 600.source

Births

  • 810Xuān Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (died 859)source
  • 1452Lucrezia Crivelli, mistress of Ludovico Sforza (died 1534) (approximate date)source
  • 1452Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (died 1508)source
  • 1502Francesco Corteccia, Italian composer (died 1571)source
  • 1520Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba, Governor of the Duchy of Milan (died 1578)source
  • 1550Charles IX of France (died 1574)source
  • 1578Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond, British duchess (died 1639)source
  • 1612Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan (died 1640)source
  • 1625Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (died 1672)source
  • 1645Frederik Johan van Baer, Dutch army commander (died 1713)source
  • 1667Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (died 1748)source
  • 1711Christian Ancher, merchant, timber trader and ship owner (died 1765).source
  • 1733Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (died 1779)source
  • 1740Jeanne Baret, French explorer (died 1807)source
  • 1742Nathanael Greene, American general (died 1786)source
  • 1768Charlotte Corday, French murderer of Jean-Paul Marat (died 1793)source
  • 1771Simon Yorke, politician (died 1858)source
  • 1780Anastasio Bustamante, 4th President of Mexico (died 1853)source
  • 1781Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (died 1829)source
  • 1801George Biddell Airy, English mathematician, astronomer (died 1892)source
  • 1835Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1907)source
  • 1866António José de Almeida, politician (died 1929)source
  • 1870Hilaire Belloc, French/English man of letters (died 1953)source
  • 1971Sajeeb Wazed Joy, businessman and politician, son of Sheikh Hasina and grandchild of Sheikh Mujibur Rahmansource
  • 1975Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player and businessmansource
  • 1997Alaa Abbas Abdulnabi, Iraqi footballersource

Deaths

  • 432Pope Celestine I dies after a 10-year reign in which he led a vigorous policy against Nestorianism. He is succeeded by Sixtus III as the 44th pope.source
  • 903Abdallah II of Ifriqiya, Aghlabid emirsource
  • 959Chai Rong, emperor of Later Zhou (born 921)source
  • 1061Nicholas II, pope of the Catholic Churchsource
  • 1061Pope Nicholas II dies after a 2-year pontificate at Florence. He is succeeded by Alexander II as the 156th pope of the Catholic Church in Rome.source
  • 1088Benno II, German bishop and architectsource
  • 1101Hugh d'Avranches, Norman noblemansource
  • 1101Conrad II, king of Germany and Italy (born 1074)source
  • 1142Berthold of Garsten, German priest and abbot (born 1060)source
  • 1144Salomea of Berg, High Duchess of Poland (born 1099)source
  • 1158Geoffrey VI, count of Nantes (born 1134)source
  • 1175Ponce de Minerva, French nobleman and generalsource
  • 1179Mudzaffar Shah I, ruler of the Kedah Sultanatesource
  • 1194Sviatoslav III, Kievan Grand Prince (born 1126)source
  • 1233Ferdinand (or Ferrand), count of Flanders (born 1188)source
  • 1276James I ("the Conqueror"), king of Aragon (born 1208)source
  • 1287Hugh of Evesham, English cardinal and physiciansource
  • 1304Andrey III Aleksandorovich, Russian nobleman and Grand Prince of Vladimir dies and is succeeded by his uncle Mikhail of Tver.source
  • 1313Bernhard of Prambach, German bishop (born 1220)source
  • 1365Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (born 1339)source
  • 1377Frederick the Simple, who has reigned as King Federico III of Sicily since 1355, dies in Messina at the age of 35 and is succeeded by his 14-year-old daughter, Maria of Aragon, who becomes the Queen of Sicily. The kingdom is administered by a regency of four "vicars", led by Artale I d'Alagona.source
  • 1473Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine (born 1448)source
  • 1510Giovanni Sforza, Italian condottiere (born 1466)source
  • 1675Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (born 1611)source
  • 1689First Jacobite rising: Battle of Killiecrankie near Pitlochry in Perthshire – Scottish Covenanter supporters of William III and Mary II (under Hugh Mackay) are defeated by Jacobite supporters of James II, but the latter's leader, John Graham, Viscount Dundee, is killed. Hand grenades are used in action.source
  • 1689John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (born 1648)source
  • 1689first Jacobite rising: Scottish Covenanter supporters of William and Mary (under Hugh Mackay) are defeated by Jacobite supporters of James at the Battle of Killiecrankie but the latter's leader, John Graham, Viscount Dundee, is killed.source
  • 1697Tun Habib Abdul Majid, Grand Vizier of Johor (born 1637)source
  • 1726Étienne de Carheil, missionary.source
  • 1737Maria Maddalena Martinengo, Italian nun (born 1687)source
  • 1759Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, French mathematician (born 1698)source
  • 1770Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial Governor of Virginia (born 1693)source
  • 1794July 27 (9 Thermidor) – French Revolution – Thermidorian Reaction: Maximilien, Augustin Robespierre and Saint-Just are arrested on the orders of the French National Convention; they are executed the next day, ending the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.source
  • 1816Olof Tempelman, Swedish architect (born 1745)source
  • 1837Pablo Morillo, military officer (born 1775)source
  • 1844John Dalton, English chemist, physicist (born 1766)source
  • 1890Death of Vincent van Gogh: van Gogh shoots himself, dying two days later.source
  • 1924Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist, composer (born 1866)source
  • 1946Gertrude Stein, American writer (born 1874)source
  • 1947Cemal Nadir Güler (born in 1902), caricaturistsource
  • 1967July 23–31 – 12th Street Riot: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city: 43 are killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.source
  • 1970António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese economist and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (born 1889)source
  • 1980Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, 60, Iranian royal, shah (1941–1979), complications from surgery.source
  • 1989Korean Air Flight 803 crashes on approach to Tripoli International Airport, 74 of the 199 people on board the plane were killed, as well as six people on ground.source
  • 2003Bob Hope, 100, British-American comedian and actor (Road to ...), pneumonia.source
  • 2015A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, 83, Indian scientist and politician, President of India (2002–2007), heart attack.source