/year

October 4 in history

222 sourced entries recorded on October 4, from 622 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 622October 4 or July 13 – After a fourteen days' stay in Quba, Muhammad finally moves from Quba to Yathrib, and is greeted cordially by its people. Here he drafts the Constitution of Medina, an agreement between the various Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan tribal communities in the city, forming the basis of a multi-religious Islamic state, and begins construction of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Mosque. Later during the caliphate of Umar in 638, the lunar year during which the emigration to Medina occurred (Friday 16 July 622 – 4 July 623) is designated "Year One" of the new Hijri era (Anno Hegirae – AH).source
  • 1147October 4–5 – Louis VII arrives at Constantinople and joins with forces from Savoy under Amadeus III (his uncle) – who have taken the land route through Italy. Louis crosses the Bosporus, and leads the French crusader army into Asia Minor – where he hears in Nicaea of Conrad's defeat at the end of October. Louis sends a military escort for Conrad and agrees to rendezvous at Lopardium. The German crusaders under Otto of Freising follow the coastal road before turning inland, up the Gediz River valley to Philadelphia. Otto's force is ambushed by the Seljuk Turks, just outside Laodicea, losing many men killed or taken prisoner. Otto and the survivors struggle on to Adalia, from where they sail for the Holy Land. Others attempt to continue along the southern coast of Anatolia.source
  • 1189Guy of Lusignan leads the crusader forces to launch a full-on assault on Saladin's camp. With heavy casualties on both sides, neither force gains the upperhand. On October 26, Saladin moves his camp from Acre to Mount Carmel (modern Israel).source
  • 1190Richard I captures Messina, after looting and burning the city he establishes his base there. Richard insists that his own banner be erected over the city, but this creates tension between Richard and Philip II, who has joined him with his forces. Tancred accepts a peace agreement, and pays Richard 20,000 ounces of gold. Friendly relations are restored, Richard agrees to split the gold with Philip.source
  • 1244The Crusaders assemble a force of some 1,000 cavalry and 6,000 men outside Acre, after hearing that Jerusalem is sacked by the Khwarazmians. They are joined by the Ayyubid forces (some 4,000 men) of Damascus and Homs – while Emir An-Nasir Dawud brings his army from Kerak.source
  • 1302Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor, signs a peace treaty with the Republic of Venice, ending the Byzantine–Venetian War (1296–1302). The Venetians return most of their conquests – but keep the islands of Kea, Santorini, Serifos and Amorgos – which are retained by the privateers who have captured them. Andronikos agrees to repay the Venetians for their losses sustained during the massacre of Venetian residents (see 1296).source
  • 1346The English capture and sack the French city of Poitiers.source
  • 1435The siege of Saint-Denis ends in an English victorysource
  • 1441Pope Eugene IV issues a papal bull to recognize the Order of St Ambrose.source
  • 1448Peace between Albania and Venice is established, bringing an end to the Albanian–Venetian War.source
  • 1478The University of Copenhagen is established by decree of King Christian I, who sets down the rules and laws to govern the institution.source
  • 1497Leaders of the Second Cornish Uprising surrender to the King at Taunton; the following day, Warbeck, having deserted his army, is captured at Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire.source
  • 1511The Holy League is formed, against French dominance in Italy. It is an alliance between the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, and the Kingdom of Aragon, with several other powers joining later (the Swiss Confederation, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of England). On the next day in Rome, the creation of the Holy League is publicly proclaimed by the Pope Julius II.source
  • 1515Maximilian Sforza, Duke of Milan, surrenders to the French forces and is imprisoned until the arrival of King Francis.source
  • 1534As the Michaelmas fair opens in Wittenberg, Martin Luther's translation of the complete Christian Bible into German is offered for sale for the first time. The work, printed on 1,824 pages in two volumes by Hans Lufft adds the Old Testament including the deuterocanonical books to Luther's 1522 translation of the New Testament, and includes woodcut illustrations.source
  • 1535The first complete English-language Bible is printed in Antwerp, with translations by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale.source
  • 1539Henry VIII contracts to marry Anne of Cleves.source
  • 1560Queen Elizabeth of England notifies the official treasurers and Lords Mayor throughout the kingdom that the existing coins will be replaced and that those in circulation are to be devalued, to be stricken with a special mark to indicate lesser worth. Treasurers are all instructed to send the coins withdrawn from circulation to be sent to the Royal Mint to be melted down for the new coins.source
  • 1562English forces under Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick, land at Le Havre to aid the Huguenots against the French Crown.source
  • 1562The wedding between Prince John and Catherine Jagiellon causes a conflict between the king and his brother, due to a bet on which brother would marry her, based on the belief that she was homely.source
  • 1580Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, the Spanish Count of Coruña, arrives in Mexico City to take office as the Viceroy of New Spain, administering Mexico and Central America on behalf of King Philip II.source
  • 1582October 4 (Julian) (October 14 Gregorian) – The Julian calendar is discarded at the end of the day in Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain as Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In the nations where the calendar is accepted, Thursday, October 4 is followed the next day by Friday, October 15.source
  • 1601Claudine de Culam, a 16-year-old girl in the French village of Rognon, is hanged after being convicted of "carnal cohabitation with a dog". The dog is hanged along with her.source
  • 1607Flight of the Earls: The Earl of Tyrone and the Earl of Tyrconnell, along with their followers, reach the European continent, landing on St. Francis' Day at Quilleboeuf in France with 99 people. after having departed Rathmullan in Ireland on September 12.source
  • 1636October 4 (September 24 Old Style) – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army.source
  • 1658The siege of Trondheim starts, Norwegian forces besiges the city.source
  • 1664New Netherland is captured by England. The English promptly rename the fledgling city New York, after the Duke of York (later King James II).source
  • 1674The Battle of Entzheim takes place in France with 35,000 Holy Roman Empire troops and 22,000 French defenders during the Franco-Dutch War, with the forces fighting near Entzheim south of Strasbourg. While the battle is inconclusive, the outnumbered French win a strategic victory by keeping the Germans from entering French territory. Most of the former battlefield now lies beneath the Strasbourg International Airport.source
  • 1674A second coronation is held by the Maratha Empire for the Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhonsle, after the Vedic priest Nischal Puri Goswami decides that the June 18 coronation was "held under inauspicious stars".source
  • 1679Bil'arab bin Sultan becomes the new Imam of Oman upon the death of his father, Sultan bin Saif.source
  • 1693Battle of Marsaglia near Turin in the Duchy of Savoy: A French force under the command of General Nicolas Catinat defeats the Savoyard forces, leaving 10,000 dead or wounded, while sustaining only 1,000 casualties.source
  • 1705October 4 (N.S.) – Stanisław Leszczyński is crowned Stanisław I of Poland.source
  • 1710Great Northern War – the Battle of Køge Bay between Denmark and Norway has an indecisive outcome.source
  • 1737The first professional Swedish language theatre is inaugurated at Bollhuset in Stockholm by the first group of professional Swedish stage actors, playing a translated French play.source
  • 1743Archibald Campbell, Earl of Ilay succeeds his brother as 3rd Duke of Argyll.source
  • 1744In one of the greatest disasters for the Royal Navy, HMS Victory sinks in a storm in the English Channel, killing 1,100 sailors and officers it had been bringing back from Gibraltar to England, including Admiral John Balchen. The wreck will be located 264 years later, in January, 2009.source
  • 1745Francis is crowned as the new Holy Roman Emperor.source
  • 1747Schlosstheater Schönbrunn opens on the name day of Maria Theresa's husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.source
  • 1749What is later described as "the least examined yet most influential" of clerical reforms, by the Spanish Bourbon monarchs of the 18th century, begins when King Ferdinand VI approves a royal cédula, removing control of the Roman Catholic parishes of Latin America from religious orders. Henceforward, jurisdiction over parishioners in the archdioceses of Lima, Mexico City and Bogotá is with the secular clergy.source
  • 1757Bearing British flags, two French privateers sail up the Gambia River and attempt to capture the British fort on James Island, but their ruse is discovered the next day before they can stage their attack. The two ships are captured by the Royal Navy after retreatingsource
  • 1762September 24–October 6 – Battle of Manila: Troops of the British East India Company take Manila from the Spanish, leading to the British occupation of Manila and its being made an open port.source
  • 1766The kingdom of France formally cedes its rights to the Malouines Islands to Spain. On March 24, Spain renames the islands the Malvinas, and in 1833, the United Kingdom re-colonises the recently abandoned territory and renames it the Falkland Islands.source
  • 1768The Sultan Mustafa III of the Ottoman Empire begins the Russo-Turkish War after the Russians refuse to withdraw troops from Poland.source
  • 1774a highwayman robs Prime Minister Lord North near Chiswick.source
  • 1777American Revolutionary War – Battle of Germantown: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.source
  • 1779The Fort Wilson Riot against James Wilson and others in Philadelphia takes place.source
  • 1784the Englishman James Sadler makes the first hot air balloon flight in England, from Oxford to Woodeaton.source
  • 1794In the first and only instance of an incumbent United States president leading men into battle, George Washington arrives at Carlisle, Pennsylvania to guide the U.S. Army's suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion. The rebels soon disperse and the insurrection collapses by the end of the month.source
  • 1809Portland resigns as Prime Minister due to ill health; Spencer Perceval takes over,source
  • 1824The First Constitution of Mexico is ratified, declaring the country to be a federal republic called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos).source
  • 1828Uruguay gains independence from Brazil.source
  • 1830Belgian Revolution: The Provisional Government in Brussels declares the creation of the independent state of Belgium.source
  • 1832Prince Otto of Bavaria, the second oldest son of King Ludwig I, is selected by Europe's major powers to become Othon, the first King of Greece, after the Hellenic nation's reacquisition of independence.source
  • 1837Société Civile pour l'Agrandissement et l'Embellissement de Bruxelles established, to develop the Leopold Quarter in Brussels.source
  • 1852Sweden and Finland 'skip' 10 days in order to align with the spring equinox according to the Gregorian calendar.source
  • 1853October 4–5 – Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire begins war with Russia.source
  • 1853On the east coast of the United States, Donald McKay launches the Great Republic, the world's biggest sailing ship, which at 4,500 tons is too large to be successful.source
  • 1857the Catholic St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny, is opened.source
  • 1870The railway line South Line (Sydbanen), between Roskilde and Vordingborg by way of Køge and Næstved, is opened.source
  • 1870first non-public hanging in Scotland: George Chalmers of Fraserburgh, 45, is hanged in Perth county jail by the London hangman William Calcraft for the murder of a toll-keeper at Braco.source
  • 1876Texas A&M University opens for classes.source
  • 1883The Orient Express train begins to run through from Paris Gare de l'Est to Giurgiu in Romania, with onward ferry and train connections to Istanbul (the train has been running since June 5 as far as Vienna).source
  • 1883The Boys' Brigade (the first uniformed youth organization in existence) is founded in Glasgow, Scotland.source
  • 1896A locomotive in Bulawayo explodes and kills ten prisoners.source
  • 1898The American steam boat Walkatomica, which has made regular runs for travelers along the Gulf Coast of Florida since 1885, is destroyed by fire while in port in Tallahassee.source
  • 1901The American yacht Columbia defeats the Irish Shamrock in the America's Cup yachting race in New York.source
  • 1901The American yacht Columbia defeats the British Shamrock in the America's Cup yachting race in New York.source
  • 1903October 1–13 – First modern World Series: The Boston Americans defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in eight games.source
  • 1904Swedish Association football club IFK Göteborg is founded, becoming the 39th IFK-association.source
  • 1911John Young Monument unveiledsource
  • 1911China adopts "Cup of Solid Gold" as its first national anthem. However, it is never performed publicly and is replaced a few months later with a new composition.source
  • 1914The 1914 Burdur earthquake occurs in Turkey.source
  • 1914The Manifesto of the Ninety-Three is signed by prominent academics supporting the early German war effort.source
  • 1916September 29-October 5 – Flămânda Offensivesource
  • 1918Wilhelm II of Germany forms a new, liberal government to sue for peace.source
  • 1920The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare, a Finnish non-governmental organization, is founded on the initiative of Sophie Mannerheim.source
  • 1925S2, a Finnish Sokol class torpedo boat, is sunk during a fierce storm near the coast of Pori in the Gulf of Bothnia, taking with her the whole crew of 53.source
  • 1927Carving of the sculptures at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota, begins.source
  • 1927Worthington mine disaster occurs.source
  • 1931Chilean presidential election, 1931source
  • 193419: Asturian miners' strike of 1934source
  • 1937October 2–8 – Parsley Massacre: Under the orders of President Rafael Trujillo, Dominican troops kill thousands of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic.source
  • 1945The JSD Partizan sports club is founded in Belgrade, Serbia.source
  • 1951October 3–8 – Korean War: First Battle of Maryang-san – United Nations (primarily Australian) forces drive back the Chinese.source
  • 1951Francis McEncroe sells the first Chiko Rolls at the Wagga Wagga agricultural show.source
  • 1955The Reverend Sun Myung Moon is released from prison in Seoul, South Korea.source
  • 1957The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow delta wing interceptor aircraft is unveiled.source
  • 1957Space Age – Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.source
  • 1957Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite, is launched.source
  • 1958The new Constitution of France is signed into law, establishing the French Fifth Republic.source
  • 1958The British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) uses one of its new de Havilland Comet 4s, G-APDB, to make the first commercial transatlantic flight by a jet airliner, from London to New York International Airport, Anderson Field via Gander.source
  • 1958Sabena breaks Brussels–Paris air speed record with an S58 helicopter.source
  • 1963Hurricane Flora, one of the worst Atlantic storms in history, hits Hispaniola and Cuba, killing nearly 7,000 people.source
  • 1965Prime minister Ian Smith of Rhodesia and Arthur Bottomley of the Commonwealth of Nations begin negotiations in London.source
  • 1965Pope Paul VI makes the first papal visit to the United States. He appears for a Mass in Yankee Stadium and makes a speech at the United Nations.source
  • 1965The University of California, Irvine opens its doors.source
  • 1966Basutoland becomes independent of the United Kingdom and takes the name Lesotho.source
  • 1966Israel applies for membership in the European Economic Community, which is never granted.source
  • 1967Omar Ali Saifuddin III of Brunei abdicates in favour of his son, His Majesty Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.source
  • 1970Jochen Rindt becomes Formula One World Driving Champion, the first to earn the honor posthumously.source
  • 1970American rock singer Janis Joplin is found dead of an overdose, age 27, in her hotel room in Hollywood.source
  • 1971October 4–7 – Pink Floyd record their groundbreaking film, Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii at the Amphitheatre of Pompeii.source
  • 1971September 27–October 11 – Japanese Emperor Hirohito travels abroad.source
  • 1972September 30-October 7: Hurricane Joannesource
  • 19765 people die during the Assassination of Juan María de Araluce Villar, part of the ongoing Basque conflict.source
  • 1976The InterCity 125 high-speed train is introduced in the United Kingdom.source
  • 1979October 1–7 – Pope John Paul II makes a six-city visit to the United States, starting in Boston.source
  • 1980October 4–5. Meeting of the Polish Politburo, during which a report on the scale of protests is presented. In the period July - September 1980, strikes took place in 2,000 enterprises, with 1,2 million workers participating. Several officials are removed from the Politburo,source
  • 1982Bangladesh signs with India a memorandum of understanding on water sharing for two years.source
  • 1983British entrepreneur Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 633.468 mph (1,019.468 km/h), driving Thrust2 at the Black Rock Desert, Nevada.source
  • 1984Tim Macartney-Snape and Greg Mortimer become the first Australians to reach the summit of Mount Everest.source
  • 1989October 1–13 – Typhoons Angela (Rubing), Dan (Saling), and Elsie (Tasing) impact the country in two weeks.source
  • 1990Moro conflict: Rebel forces seize two military posts on the island of Mindanao, Philippines before surrendering on October 6.source
  • 1992The government of Mozambique signs the Rome General Peace Accords with leaders of RENAMO, ending the 16-year-old Mozambican Civil War.source
  • 1992Israeli cargo plane El Al Flight 1862 crashes into residential buildings in Amsterdam's Bijlmermeer, Netherlands, after taking off from Schiphol Airport and losing two engines, killing all 4 people on board and 39 on the ground.source
  • 1992El Al Flight 1862, a cargo aircraft, crashed in the Bijlmermeer neighbourhoodsource
  • 1993October 3–4– Battle of Mogadishu: The U.S. Army conducts Operation Gothic Serpent in the city of Mogadishu, Somalia, deploying Task Force Ranger. Two U.S. Army UH-60 Blackhawks are shot down and the operation leaves over 1,000 Somalis dead and over 74 Americans wounded in action, 18 killed and 1 captured.source
  • 1993The Russian constitutional crisis culminates with Russian military and security forces, using tanks and clearing the White House of Russia Parliament building by force, quashing a mass uprising against President Boris Yeltsin.source
  • 1994October 2 – 16 – The Philippines participates in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to 16, 1994. It Ranks 14th with three gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals with a total of 13 over-all medals.source
  • 1996In Almaty, Kazakhstan, Russia and four other Central Asian countries adopted a declaration expressing concern regarding the conflict in Afghanistan, assessing it as a direct threat to the Commonwealth of Independent States.source
  • 1996September 30 – October 4: Hurricane Hernansource
  • 1998The World Bank praises Costa Rica for its remarkable success in raising life expectancy and lowering infant mortality.source
  • 2002The opening of Daqiao Station in Yongkang City, Tainan County.source
  • 2002The genome sequences for malaria carriers anopheles gambiae and plasmodium falciparum are published.source
  • 2002September 21–October 4 – Hurricane Lili crosses Cuba and several other Caribbean islands before making landfall in Louisiana.source
  • 2003Maxim restaurant suicide bombing: A Palestinian suicide bomber attacks a restaurant in Haifa, Israel, killing at least 19 people.source
  • 2010October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.source
  • 2011The death toll from the flooding of Cambodia's Mekong river and attendant flash floods reaches 207.source
  • 2012Racing legend Micheal Schumacher announced his retirement from Formula One during the Japanese Grand Prix.source
  • 2014Latvia votes in a parliamentary election; Laimdota Straujuma's centre-right government keeps its majority.source
  • 20192019–20 Hong Kong protests: Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam and the Chief Executive in Council invokes the Emergency Regulations Ordinance and banning the face mask in public gatherings with immediate effect.source
  • 2020Eight migrants are dead, while 12 more are missing, after three unidentified smugglers hijacked their boat off the coast of Djibouti, according to eyewitnesses and the International Organization for Migration. The agency reports that the migrants had attempted to reach Saudi Arabia via Yemen, but were forced to return to the Horn of Africa due to COVID-19 pandemic-related travel restrictions.source
  • 2021Fumio Kishida becomes the 100th Prime Minister of Japan, succeeding Yoshihide Suga.source
  • 2022Bermuda is removed from the European Union's tax haven blacklist,source
  • 2023Trinidad and Tobago launches an auction for 13 shallow-water oil and gas blocks, introducing fiscal incentives to attract bidders.source
  • 2024The European Court of Justice strikes down a trade agreement between the European Commission and Morocco allowing the exports of agricultural products from the Western Sahara to the EU, citing failure to account for the rights of the region's inhabitants to self-determination.source

Births

  • 1160Alys of France, daughter of Louis VII (died 1220)source
  • 1274Rudolf I, German nobleman (died 1319)source
  • 1276Margaret of Brabant, queen consort of Germany (died 1311)source
  • 1289Louis X (the Quarrelsome), king of France (died 1316)source
  • 1301Thomas de Monthermer, English nobleman and knight (died 1340)source
  • 1304John Beauchamp, English peer and knight (died 1343)source
  • 1331James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormonde (died 1382)source
  • 1331James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormonde, Lord Justice of Ireland (died 1382).source
  • 1379King Henry III of Castile (died 1406)source
  • 1437John IV, Duke of Bavaria (died 1463)source
  • 1503Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Spain (died 1539)source
  • 1507Francis Bigod, British noble (died 1537)source
  • 1515Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter (died 1586)source
  • 1522Gabriele Paleotti, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1597)source
  • 1524Francisco Vallés, Spanish physician (died 1592)source
  • 1528October 4? – Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (died 1599)source
  • 1532Francisco de Toledo, Spanish Jesuit cardinal (died 1596)source
  • 1542Robert Bellarmine, Italian saint (died 1621)source
  • 1548Matsumae Yoshihiro, Japanese daimyō of Ezochi (Hokkaidō) (died 1616)source
  • 1550King Charles IX of Sweden (died 1611)source
  • 1550Charles IX of Sweden, king (1604–1611) of Sweden (died 1611). Otherwise known as "King Karl Vasa IX of Sweden".source
  • 1562Christian Sørensen Longomontanus, Danish astronomer (died 1647)source
  • 1570Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (died 1637)source
  • 1578Giovanni Francesco Guidi di Bagno, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1641)source
  • 1579Guido Bentivoglio, Italian cardinal (died 1644)source
  • 1585Anna of Tyrol, Holy Roman Empress (died 1618)source
  • 1625Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and sister of Blaise Pascal (died 1661)source
  • 1626Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (died 1712)source
  • 1627Sir John Fagg, 1st Baronet, English politician (died 1701)source
  • 1633Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (died 1714)source
  • 1633Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (died 1714)source
  • 1657Francesco Solimena, Italian painter (died 1747)source
  • 1677Ulrich Kaas, naval officer (died 1746)source
  • 1687Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (died 1768)source
  • 1694George Murray, Scottish Jacobite general (died 1760)source
  • 1716James Lind, Scottish physician (died 1794)source
  • 1716James Lind, pioneer of naval hygiene in the Royal Navy (died 1794)source
  • 1720Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (died 1778)source
  • 1741Edmond Malone, Irish scholar (died 1812)source
  • 1822Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States (died 1893)source
  • 1861Frederic Remington, American cowboy artist, sculptor (died 1909)source
  • 1868Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, politician and future President of Argentina (died 1942)source
  • 1895Richard Sorge, German-born Soviet spy (k. 1944)source
  • 1895Buster Keaton, American actor, film director (died 1966)source
  • 1923Charlton Heston, American actor (The Ten Commandments) (died 2008)source

Deaths

  • 863Turpio, Frankish noblemansource
  • 1032Sancho VI, duke of Gasconysource
  • 1052Vladimir Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev (born 1020)source
  • 1160Constance of Castile, queen of France (born 1141)source
  • 1181Herman II, German nobleman (House of Sponheim)source
  • 1189Gerard de Ridefort, Flemish Grand Master (born 1140)source
  • 1221William IV of Ponthieu (Talvas), Norman nobleman (born 1179)source
  • 1227Abdallah al-Adil, Almohad governor and caliphsource
  • 1295Baydu, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (born 1255)source
  • 1295Mongol leader Baydu Khan is executed after a 7-month reign at Tabriz. He is succeeded by Ghazan, who becomes ruler of the Ilkhanate. He converts to Islam, ending a line of Vajrayana (Tantric Buddhist) leaders.source
  • 1305Kameyama, Japanese emperor and priest (born 1249)source
  • 1353Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria (born 1306)source
  • 1361John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray, English baron (born 1310)source
  • 1480Jakub of Sienno, medieval Bishop Kraków in the years 1461–1463 (born 1413)source
  • 1497John, Prince of Asturias, only son of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile (born 1478)source
  • 1559Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (born 1504)source
  • 1581Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton, English earl (born 1545)source
  • 1582Teresa of Ávila, Spanish Carmelite nun, poet and saint (born 1515)source
  • 1597Sarsa Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (born 1550)source
  • 1604Za Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia, is killed in battle with the forces of Za Sellase, who restores his cousin Yaqob to the throne.source
  • 1646Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman (born 1586)source
  • 1657Prince Maurice of Savoy, Catholic cardinal and Prince of Savoy (born 1593)source
  • 1660Francesco Albani, Italian painter (born 1578)source
  • 1669Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Dutch painter (born 1606)source
  • 1669Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn dies at the age of 63, after completing his final known work Self-Portrait at the Age of 63. Despite his wealth, is buried in an unmarked grave in Amsterdam's Westerkerk. After 20 years, his remains are removed and destroyed in accordance with church custom.source
  • 1743John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish soldier (born 1678)source
  • 1747Amaro Pargo, Spanish corsair (born 1678)source
  • 1749Baron Franz von der Trenck, Austrian soldier (born 1711)source
  • 1754Tanacharison, Catawba Indian chief (born c. 1700)source
  • 1777Francis Nash, American brigadier general, killed at the Battle of Germantown (born c. 1742)source
  • 1785David Brearley, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention (born 1703)source
  • 1837José Antonio Vidaurre (born 1798)source
  • 1851Manuel Godoy, Spanish statesman (born 1767)source
  • 1915John Rigby, grandfather of Eleanor Rigby, to whom Paul McCartney attributes a subconscious influence on naming the song with the same name (b.1843)source
  • 1917Dave Gallaher, New Zealand rugby union football player (killed in action) (born 1873)source
  • 1965Durban rail accident: At least 150 are killed when a commuter train derails at the outskirts of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.source
  • 1970Janis Joplin, American rock singer (born 1943)source
  • 1982Glenn Gould, 50, Canadian classical pianist, television producer, writer, broadcaster, and composer, taken off life support by decision of his father. Gould was hospitalized since late September due to a stroke which had paralyzed the left side of his body, and then suffered further brain damage.source
  • 1982Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, politician.(b.1914)source
  • 2001Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 is accidentally shot down by the Ukrainian Air Force over the Black Sea en route from Tel Aviv, Israel, to Novosibirsk, Russia; all 78 people on board are killed.source
  • 2014Jean-Claude Duvalier, leader of Haiti from his father's death in 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986, dies of a heart attack.source