/year

March 22 in history

211 sourced entries recorded on March 22, from 235 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 638Year 0 of the Burmese calendar, based on the Chula Sakarat, is also used in the mainland of Southeast Asia.source
  • 871Battle of Meretum: The West Saxons, led by Æthelred I and Alfred, are defeated by the Danes. Among the many dead is Heahmund, bishop of Salisbury.source
  • 1144The first example of an anti-Semitic blood libel is recorded in England, in connection with the murder of William of Norwich.source
  • 1185Battle of Yashima: Japanese forces (with some 140 ships, 1,000 cavalry and 30,000 horses) under Minamoto no Yoshitsune defeat the Taira clan just off Shikoku in the Seto Inland Sea.source
  • 1300Shortly after a failed coup d'état attempt by Marin Bocconio, the Republic of Venice makes major reforms of its Quarantia (from Consiglio dei Quranta or "Council of Forty"), the 40 nobles allowed to elect the Republic's chief executive (the Doge of Venice) and the members of its legislative body, the Mazor Consegio. The change in law requires at least 20 votes by the 40 electors to be added to the Consegio, which has grown to 1,100 members.source
  • 1312Pope Clement V, under pressure from King Philip IV of France, officially disbands the Order of the Knights Templar at the Council of Vienne, issuing the bull Vox in excelso. The Order's property and monetary assets are given to a rival order, the Knights Hospitaller. Meanwhile, Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is held in prison in Paris, where he is forced to commit false confessions.source
  • 1321The first Genkō era begins in Japan after the end of the Gen'ō era.source
  • 1385From the port of Sluis (now in the Netherlands), the Kingdom of France dispatches a fleet of ships, carrying an army of 1,315 soldiers, 300 crossbowmen and 200 assistants, to aid the Kingdom of Scotland in defense of an invasion by the Kingdom of England. The fleet arrives at the Scottish port of Leith, near Scotland's capital, Edinburgh, on March 25.source
  • 1401Jingnan campaign: Prince Zhu Di of Yan leads his troops across the Jia River into the Heibei province. China's Ming dynasty Emperor Huizong directs that Zhu Di is not to be killed.source
  • 1406On "Monday before the Annunciation", Prince James, the 10-year-old son of King Robert III of Scotland, is captured while being taken across the English Channel from Scotland to France when the ship he is on, Maryenknyght, by privateers Hugh atte Fen, William Oxeney, John Hacon and Nicholas Steyward of Cley. The crown prince is delivered to London where he is held hostage by King Henry IV of England for the next 18 years.source
  • 1413King Henry V summons the English Parliament to meet at Westminster beginning on May 14.source
  • 1455Venetian explorer and slave trader Alvise Cadamosto and a crew commanded by Vicente Dias depart from Porto Santo on the first of two voyages down the coast of West Africa and reaches the Gambia River before being forced to turn back by the crew.source
  • 1471The Empire of Dai Viet in north Vietnam triumphs over the Champa Kingdom of south Vietnam after Dai Viet Emperor Le Thanh Tong ignores the offer of Champa King Tra Toan to surrender Vijaya. After the city walls are breached, King Tra Toan, his family and 30,000 other Chams are captured as prisoners, while over 60,000 other Chams are killed. Another 40,000 residents who did not die in the fighting are executed.source
  • 1482Pope Sixtus IV, in a special bull, grants self-government rights to the Italian town of Ascoli Piceno.source
  • 1484The kingdoms of France and Scotland renew the Auld Alliance, with the Lord of Aubigny signing on behalf of France.source
  • 1484The Auld Alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France is renewed.source
  • 1499At the Battle of Bruderholz, the Swiss Confederation defeats a larger force of troops from the Swabian League near Basel.source
  • 1508Ferdinand II of Aragon appoints Florentine merchant Amerigo Vespucci to the post of Chief Navigator of Spain.source
  • 1508Working from the house of Piero di Braccio Martelli at Florence, Leonardo da Vinci begins writing his "collection without order" of his scientific discoveries.source
  • 1518King Charles of Spain gives his approval for the Magellan expedition, initially for the purpose of finding a westward route from Spain to the "Spice Islands" (now the Maluku Islands in Indonesia), to avoid the more frequently-used eastward route around Africa. Veteran seaman Ferdinand Magellan and navigator Rui Faleiro, both of Portugal, had turned to Spain to fund the expedition after being refused by King Manuel of Portugal. The voyage proves to be further than expected and becomes the first to sail around the world.source
  • 1528Siege of the southern Italian city of Melfi is started by the French Army, under the command of Marshal Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec. After killing the defenders and pulling down the city walls, the French troops plunder what remains and massacre more than 3,000 men, women and children.source
  • 1556Reginald Pole, a Roman Catholic Cardinal, is appointed by Queen Mary of England as the new Archbishop of Canterbury and head of the Catholic Archdiocese of Canterbury.source
  • 1604Karl IX begins his reign as King of Sweden.source
  • 1610March 22 (March 12 O.S.) – Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky, nephew of the Tsar Vasili, liberates Moscow from rebels.source
  • 1621The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags.source
  • 1622Jamestown massacre: Algonquian natives kill 347 English settlers outside Jamestown, Virginia (one third of the colony's population), and burn the Henricus settlement. This begins the American Indian Wars.source
  • 1622in the Jamestown massacre, Algonquian Indians kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia (33% of the colony's population) and destroy the Henricus settlement.source
  • 1631Detailed proclamation on hunting in the County of Flanders issued in Brussels.source
  • 1635The Peacock Throne of India's Mughal Empire is inaugurated in a ceremony in Delhi to support the seventh anniversary of Shah Jahan's accession to the throne as Emperor.source
  • 1638Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and his sons capture the city of Kandahar from the Safavids.source
  • 1638Anne Hutchinson is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for heresy and goes to Rhode Island.source
  • 1641The trial for high treason begins for Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, director of England's Council of the North.source
  • 1641the trial for high treason begins for Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, President of the Council of the North.source
  • 1642in a Catholic synod at Kells chaired by Hugh O'Reilly (Archbishop of Armagh), a majority of bishops proclaim that the rebellion is a just war.source
  • 1668Notable Privateer Henry Morgan lands in Cuba to raid and plunder the inland town of Puerto del Príncipe during the latter stages of the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660).source
  • 1671Sabine baronets title is created in England for John Sabine.source
  • 1671The Sabine baronetcy is created for John Sabine.source
  • 1683Great fire in Newmarket, Suffolk, England, consuming half the houses and forcing King Charles II (who is in residence) to flee the town.source
  • 1683great fire in Newmarket, Suffolk, consuming half the houses and forcing Charles II (who is in residence) to flee the town.source
  • 1689March 22 (March 12 O.S.) – Start of the Williamite War in Ireland: The deposed James II of England lands with 6,000 French soldiers in Ireland, where there is a Catholic majority, hoping to use it as the base for a counter-coup. However, many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of Louis XIV, and refuse to support him.source
  • 1692The Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty issues the Edict of Toleration, recognizing all the members of the Roman Catholic Church, not just the Jesuits, and legalizing missions and their conversion of Chinese people to the Christian Faith.source
  • 1697Charles II of Spain issues a Royal Cedula extending to the indigenous nobles of the Spanish Crown colonies, as well as to their descendants, the preeminence and honors customarily attributed to the Hidalgos of Castile.source
  • 1702March 22 (March 11 Old Style) – The first regular English-language national newspaper, The Daily Courant, begins publication on Fleet Street in the City of London, initially by Elizabeth Mallet; it covers only foreign news.source
  • 17234 Protestant preachers are hanged at Montpellier.source
  • 1747The Prussian ambassador in Vienna, Count Otto Christoph von Podewils, described the then five-year-old Maria Christina as pretty and witty.source
  • 1755Britain's House of Commons votes in favor of £1,000,000 of appropriations to expand the British Army and Royal Navy operations in North America.source
  • 1765Royal assent is given to the Duties in American Colonies Act 1765, historically referred to as the Stamp Act, imposing the first direct tax levied from Great Britain on the thirteen American colonies, effective November 1. The revenue measure (which requires the purchase of a stamp to be affixed for validation of all legal documents, but also to licensed newspapers and even playing cards and dice) is made to help defray the costs for British military operations in North America, including the French and Indian War.source
  • 1765Parliament passes the Stamp Act which is the first direct tax levied on the American colonies.source
  • 1775American Revolution: Edmund Burke's speech before the British Parliament on conciliation with the American colonies.source
  • 1784The Emerald Buddha is installed at the Wat Phra Kaew, on the grounds of the Grand Palace in Bangkok (or in 1785).source
  • 1792Haitian Revolution: Battle of Croix-des-Bouquets – Black slave insurgents gain a victory in the first major battle of the revolution.source
  • 1794Congress prohibits American ships from supplying slaves to any nation other than the United States, setting a penalty of forfeiture of the ship and a $2,000 fine.source
  • 1800Company of Surgeons granted a royal charter to become the Royal College of Surgeons in London.source
  • 1808English Wars (Scandinavia): Battle of Zealand Point – British ships defeat those of Denmark and Norway.source
  • 1809March 20–22 - Crossing the Gulf of Bothniasource
  • 1811The Commissioners' Plan for Manhattan is presented.source
  • 1811The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 for Manhattan is presented.source
  • 1816The United States signs a treaty with the Cherokee Nation, acknowledging that it will return land in Alabama and Georgia that had been illegally ceded to the U.S. in 1814 by the Creek Nation. General and future U.S. president Andrew Jackson, refuses to honor the treaty, and uses the controversy as a justification for removing Indians from the southeastern United States.source
  • 1818Easter Sunday in Western Christianity falls on its earliest possible date. In Western Christianity, it will not occur on this date again until 2285.source
  • 1829Greece receives autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in the London Protocol, signed by Russia, France and Britain, effectively ending the Greek War of Independence. Greece continues to seek full independence through diplomatic negotiations with the three Great Powers.source
  • 1841Law on regulation of working conditions for children ages 8 to 16, prohibiting under-8s from employment.source
  • 1848The Republic of San Marco comes into existence in Venice.source
  • 1848Adam Wilhelm Moltke is appointed the first Prime Minister of Denmark.source
  • 1860The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is annexed to the newly formed Kingdom of Italy.source
  • 186822 March and 12 April - Legislative election.source
  • 1870A state flag of Queensland is adopted, with a portrait of Queen Victoria.source
  • 1870La Monnaie in Brussels stages first performance in French of Richard Wagner's Lohengrin.source
  • 1871In North Carolina, William Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.source
  • 1871In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.source
  • 1871The United States Army issues an order for the abandonment of Fort Kearny, Nebraska.source
  • 1871The Marseille Commune is established in southern France.source
  • 1873Emancipation Day for Puerto Rico: Most slaves are freed.source
  • 1880Battle of Los Ángelessource
  • 1882Polygamy is made a felony by the Edmunds Act, passed by the United States Congress.source
  • 1885Construction of the Monument to honour Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy, (Vittoriano) begins in Rome (1885–1911). The solemn ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the Vittoriano took place on 22 March 1885 in the presence of King Umberto I of Savoy. To erect the Vittoriano it was necessary to proceed with numerous expropriations and extensive demolitions of the buildings that were on the site. The overall aim was also to make Rome a modern European capital that would rival Berlin, Vienna, London and Paris by overcoming the centuries-old urban planning of Papal Rome. In this context, the Vittoriano would have been the equivalent of Berlin's Brandenburg Gate, London's Admiralty Arch and the Opéra Garnier in Paris: these buildings all share a monumental and classical appearance that metaphorically communicates the pride and power of the nation of which they are the symbol.source
  • 1889English Association football team Sheffield United F.C. is formed at the Adelphi Hotel, Sheffield. They play their first match on September 7.source
  • 1893The Montreal Hockey Club wins the First Stanley Cup by defeating the Ottawa Hockey Club 3 to 1 at Montreal's Victoria Rinksource
  • 1894Montreal Hockey Club defeats Ottawa to win the first Stanley Cup challenge.source
  • 1895Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière make what is probably the first presentation of a projected celluloid film moving picture, the 46-second Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory, to members of the Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale in Paris.source
  • 1895the burned body of Bridget Cleary is discovered in County Tipperary; her husband, Michael, is subsequently convicted and imprisoned for manslaughter, his defence being a belief that he had killed a changeling left in his wife's place after she had been abducted by fairies.source
  • 1897Emilio Aguinaldo unseats Andrés Bonifacio at the Tejeros Convention, becoming the new head of the Filipino revolutionary group Katipunan.source
  • 1897The two factions of the Katipunan convene at the Tejeros Convention to resolve the leadership status in the organization.source
  • 1901Gabrielle Roy, a prominent French Canadian author, was born. She would go on to become one of Canada's most celebrated writers.source
  • 1903Because of a drought, the U.S. side of Niagara Falls runs short of watersource
  • 1905March 14 – 23 of the 26 crew of the British barque Kyber die when the ship is wrecked off England's Land's End.source
  • 1907The first taxicabs with taximeters begin operating in London.source
  • 19091909 Alberta election: Alexander Rutherford's Liberals win a second consecutive majority.source
  • 1913The world's first automatic totalisator is used at the Easter meeting at Ellerslie Racecourse in Auckland.source
  • 1914Argentine legislative election, 1914source
  • 1916The temporary Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne, and the Republic of China is restored once again.source
  • 1916Disestablishment of the Empire of China (1915–16)source
  • 1922Radio station WLW in Cincinnati begins broadcasting.source
  • 1928The Muslim Brotherhood is founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna.source
  • 1929The Canadian schooner and rum-runner I'm Alone is sunk by the US Coast Guard's USCGC Dexter.source
  • 1932March 21–22 – 1932 Deep South tornado outbreak: A series of deadly tornadoes in the United States kills more than 220 people in Alabama, 34 in Georgia and 17 in Tennessee.source
  • 1932Tarzan the Ape Man premieres in New York City, first of the classic film series starring Johnny Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan.source
  • 1933President Franklin Roosevelt signs the Cullen–Harrison Act, an amendment to the Volstead Act, allowing the manufacture and sale from April 7 of "3.2 beer" (3.2% alcohol by weight, approximately 4% alcohol by volume) and light wines, 8 months before the full repeal of Prohibition in the United States in December.source
  • 1934The first Masters Tournament in golf opens at Augusta National Golf Club in Georgia (United States).source
  • 1935The world's first regular television program (by Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow) is transmitted from the Funkturm in Berlin, Germany.source
  • 1941Washington state's Grand Coulee Dam begins to generate electricity.source
  • 1944World War II: a Royal Air Force Halifax Bomber crashed soon after take-off from Hurn Airport.source
  • 1945The Cathedral and the historic centre of Hildesheim in Germany are destroyed in a bombing of the city.source
  • 1945Kasikornbank was established.source
  • 1946The United Kingdom grants Transjordan, as it is then known, its independence; 3 years later the country changes its name to Jordan.source
  • 1950Egypt demands that Britain remove all its troops from the Suez Canal zone.source
  • 1952Wernher von Braun publishes the first in his series of articles titled Man Will Conquer Space Soon!, including ideas for crewed flights to Mars and the Moon.source
  • 1952Wernher von Braun publishes the first in his series of articles entitled Man Will Conquer Space Soon!, including ideas for crewed flights to Mars and the Moon.source
  • 1954Jayendra Saraswathi becomes the 70th Shankaracharya of Kanchi.source
  • 1955A fire destroys much of the original rococo interior of Florence Court.source
  • 1956March 21–22 – On his way to India, Anastas Mikoyan stays in Kabul.source
  • 1957A United States Air Force Boeing C-97 disappears somewhere over the Pacific Ocean near the coast of Japan. All 67 people and the aircraft remain missing to this day.source
  • 1960Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Hard Townes receive the first patent for a laser, in the United States.source
  • 1961Gideon Mer (born 1894), Russian (Lithuania)-born Israeli physician, scientist and malaria researcher.source
  • 1963The Beatles first album Please Please Me was released in the UK and became a huge commercial success.source
  • 1966in the Chinese city of Xingtai a magnitude 6.8 earthquake leaves more than 8,000 dead and 38,000 injured.source
  • 1968March 19–23 – Afrocentrism, Black Power, Vietnam War: Students at Howard University in Washington, D.C., signal a new era of militant student activism on college campuses in the U.S. Students stage rallies, protests and a 5-day sit-in, laying siege to the administration building, shutting down the university in protest over its ROTC program and the Vietnam War, and demanding a more Afrocentric curriculum.source
  • 1968René Riesel and 7 other enragés students occupy the administrative offices of the new Nanterre campus of the University of Paris as part of protests over a rigid educational system, setting in motion a chain of 'May 68' events that lead France to the brink of revolution.source
  • 1969The landmark art exhibition When Attitudes become Form, curated by Harald Szeemann, opens at the Kunsthalle Bern in Bern, Switzerland.source
  • 1969UCLA wins its third consecutive NCAA basketball championship by defeating Purdue University, 92 to 72.source
  • 19711971 Syrian presidential electionsource
  • 1972The 92nd U.S. Congress votes to send the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the states for ratification.source
  • 1972Eisenstadt v. Baird: The Supreme Court of the U.S. rules that unmarried people have the right to access contraception on the same basis as married couplessource
  • 1974Oudong was captured by Angkar's Khmer Rouge forcing many citizens to march into the countryside, as well as executing a large number of prisoners.source
  • 1975"Ding-a-dong" by Teach-In (music by Dick Bakker, lyrics by Will Luikinga and Eddy Ouwens) wins the 20th Eurovision Song Contest 1975 (staged in Stockholm) for the Netherlands.source
  • 1975Representing Luxembourg, Geraldine Branigan finishes fifth in the Eurovision Song Contest 1975 with the song Toi.source
  • 1979The National Hockey League votes to approve its merger with the World Hockey Association, to take effect in three months, following the leagues' respective postseasons.source
  • 1986The P. Ramlee Memorial at Jalan Dedap, Taman P. Ramlee, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur was opened to the public.source
  • 1989Asteroid 4581 Asclepius approaches the Earth at a distance of 700,000 km.source
  • 1989Clint Malarchuk of the NHL Buffalo Sabres suffers a near-fatal injury when another player accidentally slits his throat.source
  • 1992STS-45: Space Shuttle Atlantis takes off from Cape Canaveral carrying instruments designed to study global warming.source
  • 1992In French regional elections, the conservative Rally for the Republic and the centre-right Union for French Democracy win in a landslide, capturing 20 of 22 metropolitan regional presidencies.source
  • 1995Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns after setting a record for 438 days in outer space.source
  • 1996Sweden's Finance Minister Göran Persson becomes the new Prime Minister of Sweden.source
  • 1997The Comet Hale–Bopp makes its closest approach to Earth.source
  • 2000Former NKR Defence Minister General Samvel Babayan leads an unsuccessful assassination attempt against president Arkadi Ghukasyan in Stepanakert.source
  • 2000March 12–26 – Pope John Paul II visits Israel, and thus becomes the second pope to visit Israel. During his stay, the Pope visits Yad Vashem (the Israeli national Holocaust memorial) and the Western Wall placing a letter inside it in which he prayed for forgiveness for the actions against Jews in the past.source
  • 2001Kenyanthropus is described as an early hominid after the discovery of remains in Kenya.source
  • 2001Incheon International Airport opens in Incheon, South Korea.source
  • 2010Four-year-old Paulette Gebara Farah disappears from her family's home located in Huixquilucan, State of Mexico.source
  • 2012The President of Mali, Amadou Toumani Touré, is ousted in a coup d'état after mutinous soldiers attack government offices.source
  • 2012Pakistan wins the 2012 Asia Cup cricket tournament.source
  • 20162016 Brussels bombings: Suicide bombing attacks at Brussels' Zaventem airport and Maalbeek metro station kill 35 people and injure 300 more.source
  • 2024Islamic State-affiliated gunmen attack concertgoers at Crocus City Hall in Krasnogorsk, Russia, killing at least 151 people and injuring 609.source

Births

  • 875William I, duke of Aquitaine (died 918)source
  • 1181Ibn al-Farid, Arab poet and writer (died 1234)source
  • 1212Go-Horikawa, emperor of Japan (died 1234)source
  • 1367March 22 or 1368 – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician (died 1399)source
  • 1459Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1519)source
  • 1490Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Italian noble (died 1538)source
  • 1499Johann Carion, German astrologer and chronicler (died 1537)source
  • 1519Catherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, English noblewoman (died 1580)source
  • 1554Catherine de Parthenay, French noblewoman and mathematician (died 1631)source
  • 1582John Williams, Welsh clergyman and political advisor to King James I (died 1650)source
  • 1584Grégoire de Saint-Vincent, Flemish Jesuit mathematician (died 1667)source
  • 1590George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly, nobleman (died 1649)source
  • 1599Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (died 1641)source
  • 1602Iver Krabbe, nobleman and military officer (died 1666)source
  • 1609John II Casimir of Poland (died 1672)source
  • 1615Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh, English female scientist (died 1691)source
  • 1651Leo Ulfeldt, nobleman (died 1716 in Austria)source
  • 1663August Hermann Francke, German Lutheran clergyman, philanthropist, Biblical scholar (died 1727)source
  • 1684William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English noble (died 1764)source
  • 1684Matthias Bel, Hungarian pastor, polymath (died 1749)source
  • 1686James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn (died 1744)source
  • 1691Philipp von Stosch, Prussian antiquarian (died 1757)source
  • 1762William Robert Broughton, British explorer (died 1821)source
  • 1797Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany (died 1888)source
  • 1817Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (died 1876)source
  • 1869Emilio Aguinaldo, 1st President of the Philippines (died 1964)source
  • 1873Julieta Lanteri, Italian Argentine physician, freethinker, and women's rights activist (died 1932).source
  • 1910Thomas Liao, activistsource
  • 1930Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist (died 2021)source
  • 1931William Shatner, Canadian actor and science fiction novelist (Star Trek)source
  • 1938Rein Etruk, Estonian chess playersource
  • 1966Martha McSally, American politician and military pilotsource

Deaths

  • 235Emperor Severus Alexander and his mother Iulia Mamaea are murdered by their own soldiers. The soldiers proclaim Maximinus Thrax as emperor. The Severan dynasty ends, marking the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century.source
  • 235Severus Alexander, Roman emperor (born 208)source
  • 752Pope Zachary dies at Rome after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by Stephen, but he dies four days after, and is not considered legitimate because he was not consecrated.source
  • 880Carloman of Bavaria, Frankish kingsource
  • 1018Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir, caliph of Córdobasource
  • 1090García II, king of Galicia and Portugal (born 1042)source
  • 1144William of Norwich, English child saint (born 1132)source
  • 1201Jarosław of Opole, Polish duke and bishop (born 1145)source
  • 1219Henryk Kietlicz, archbishop of Gniezno (born 1150)source
  • 1245Roger I of Fézensaguet, French nobleman (born 1190)source
  • 1282Benvenutus Scotivoli, Italian priest and bishopsource
  • 1322Thomas of Lancaster, English nobleman (born 1278)source
  • 1322After a show trial at Pontefract Castle, and his conviction by a tribunal for treason against the crown, English rebel Thomas of Lancaster is beheaded in public.source
  • 1418Dietrich of Nieheim, German historiansource
  • 1418Nicolas Flamel, writer (born 1340)source
  • 1421Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (killed in battle) (born 1388)source
  • 1454John Kemp, Archbishop of Canterburysource
  • 1471George of Poděbrady, first elected King of Bohemia (born 1420)source
  • 1544Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (born 1488)source
  • 1614Filippo Salviati, Italian astronomer (born 1582)source
  • 1620King Karma Phuntsok Namgyal of Tibet dies of smallpox after a reign of less than two years, after Ngawang Namgyal of Bhutan casts a tantric spell over him.source
  • 1654Théodore de Mayerne, Swiss physician (born 1573)source
  • 1656Alexander I of Bournonville (born 1585), noble conspiratorsource
  • 1676Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford (born 1590)source
  • 1685Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (born 1638)source
  • 1685Emperor Go-Sai (born 1638)source
  • 1687Jean-Baptiste Lully, French composer, established opera in France (born 1632)source
  • 1699William Chaloner (born 1650)source
  • 1727After 55 years as Sultan of Morocco, Ismail Ibn Sharif dies at the age of 81, prompting a 30-year battle between seven of his sons, for succession to the throne.source
  • 1758Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (born 1670)source
  • 1758Jonathan Edwards, American minister (born 1703)source
  • 1820Stephen Decatur, American sailor (born 1779)source
  • 1832Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer (born 1749)source
  • 1844Mohammad Bagher Shafti, Iranian imam.source
  • 2004Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin is killed by Israeli missile strikes.source
  • 2024Crocus City Hall attack: At least 151 people are killed and 609 are injured in a shooting and arson attack claimed by the Islamic State in the Crocus City Hall music venue in Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast.source