/year

January 18 in history

216 sourced entries recorded on January 18, from 52 BCE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 336Pope Mark succeeds Pope Sylvester I as the 34th pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 350Western Roman Emperor Constans I makes himself extremely unpopular; one of his generals, Magnentius, is proclaimed emperor at Augustodunum in the Diocese of Galliae, with the support of the army on the Rhine frontier.source
  • 749Galilee earthquake: Palestine and eastern Transjordan are devastated by an earthquake. The cities of Tiberias, Beit She'an, Hippos and Pella are largely destroyed.source
  • 756An Lushan Rebellion: The eastern capital of Luoyang falls to the 200,000-strong army of the rebel general An Lushan, who defeats loyalist forces under Feng Changqing. The rebels cross the Yellow River, and march on to capture the cities Chenliu and Yingyang (modern Zhengzhou, Henan).source
  • 1005January 13–18 – The Shanyuan Treaty is negotiated between the Liao dynasty and the Song dynasty. The Song government agrees to pay an annual tribute of 200,000 bolts of raw silk and 100,000 taels of silver, ending the northern border clashes against Liao.source
  • 1126Emperor Hui Zong of the Song Dynasty abdicates in favour of his eldest son, Qin Zong after a 24-year reign. Hui Zong assumes the honorary title of Taishang Huang (or "Retired Emperor").source
  • 1169Shawar, Fatimid vizier and de facto ruler, is invited to join Shirkuh on a pilgrimage to the tomb of Al-Shafi'i. Underway he and his escort are taken prisoner; on orders from Al-Adid, Shawar is decapitated.source
  • 1223After a failed attempt on December 28, the Mongol General Muqali leads a second attack on the Chinese fortress of Fengxiang and fails.source
  • 1238January 15–20 – Siege of Moscow: The Mongols under Batu Khan and Subutai campaign across the northern heartland of the Kievan Rus', committing numerous atrocities across multiple settlements, including the sacking of an insignificant town known as Moscow. According to the Chronicle of Novgorod, Moscow is a fortified village, a trading post "on a crossroads of four rivers". The village is taken by the Mongols after 5 days of siege.source
  • 1283King Edward I of England ("Longshanks") captures Dolwyddelan Castle in North Wales from the Welsh.source
  • 1304In France, King Philip the Fair issues a mandate at Toulouse to halt the threat of a civil war, declaring that "For the good of our realm... we expressly forbid and most strictly prohibit wars, battles, homicides, the burning of towns or houses, assaults or attacks on peasants or those who plow, or doing anything similar to our vassals and subjects, regardless of status or condition, in any place, or in any part of the realm," and adds that "the rash transgressors of these statutes and inhibitions ought to be punished as disturbers of the peace, regardless of contrary custom, or rather corruption allegedly followed in any part of the said realm." The action comes after Philip's meeting with Franciscan friar Bernard Délicieux concerning the Dominican Inquisition, but the King stops short of halting the Inquisition entirely despite Delicieux's claim that there had not been a single heretic among all the Albigensians for many years.source
  • 1307The Tokuji era begins in Japan in the fourth year of Kagen.source
  • 1341The Queen's College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, is founded.source
  • 1367Fernando the Handsome becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, King Pedro the Avenger.source
  • 1409The Decree of Kutná Hora strengthens the Bohemian nation at the cost of foreign, mostly German speaking students at the University of Prague. Over a thousand students leave Prague as a consequence, choosing instead the universities of Heidelberg and the new University of Leipzig established later in the year.source
  • 1422Friso-Hollandic Wars: The Hollandic fortress of Lemmer is captured by the Frisian Skieringer rebels. Lemmer's commander, Floris of Alkemade, is taken prisoner and executed. The result prompts both sides to enter into a settlement.source
  • 1459The Order of Our Lady of Bethlehem is founded by Pope Pius II, to defend the island of Lemnos.source
  • 1486King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York are married, uniting the House of Lancaster and the House of York, and ceremonially ending the Wars of the Roses.source
  • 1486Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York, uniting the Lancastrian and Yorkist claims.source
  • 1535Lima, now the capital of Peru, is founded by Francisco Pizarro, as Ciudad de los Reyes.source
  • 1562The Council of Trent reconvenes, after a gap of 10 years.source
  • 1562Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville's play Gorboduc is performed for the first time, before Queen Elizabeth I of England. It is the first known English tragedy, and the first English language play to employ blank verse.source
  • 1583Francis, Duke of Anjou, attacks Antwerp.source
  • 1583François, Duke of Anjou, attacks Antwerp.source
  • 1586The 7.9 magnitude Tenshō earthquake strikes the Chubu region of Japan, triggering a tsunami and causing at least 8,000 deaths.source
  • 1621The Dutch East India Company formally names its fortress at Jayakarta in Indonesia, calling it Batavia. Upon the independence of the Dutch East Indies as Indonesia in 1945, Batavia will be renamed Jakarta.source
  • 1628The Norwegian Army is established.source
  • 1633January 17–19 – Quarrel between Diogo de Oliviera, alias Sindicario, a member of the Portuguese marrano community of Rouen, and Diego de Cisneros, a Spanish priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of León in Spain, over a request for a catholicity certificate. The case is brought before the courts and causes the dispersion of part of the Rouen marrano community, some finding refuge in Lille, Antwerp and London. The Spanish priests Cisneros and Juan Bautista de Villadiego, denounced as spies, as well as Oliviera, are arrested. The 36 marranos accused of crypto-Judaism are finally absolved on June 30 after an investigation by the King's Council and the promise to pay 250000 livres to the crown.source
  • 1636The Duke's Mistress, the last play by James Shirley, is given its first performance.source
  • 1641The Junta de Braços (council of Estates) of the Principality of Catalonia, led by Pau Claris, accepts the proposal to establish the Catalan Republic under French protection.source
  • 1641The Junta de Braços (council of Estates) of the Principality of Catalonia, led by Pau Claris, accepts the proposal to establish the Catalan Republic under French protection.source
  • 1650Cardinal Jules Mazarin, the Chief Minister of France and head of its government since 1642, learns of a plot against him and has the Prince de Condé, the Prince de Conti and the Duc de Longueville arrested, prompting a rebellion by parliament against the Crown.source
  • 1671Royalist Sir Richard Talbot petitions King Charles II on behalf of the Catholic nobility and gentry.source
  • 1678Battle of Warksow, the Swedish navy defeats the forces of Denmark-Norway and Brandenburg-Prussia.source
  • 1681The "Exclusion Bill Parliament", summoned by King Charles II of England in October, is dissolved after three months, with directions that new elections be held, and that a new parliament be convened in March in Oxford.source
  • 1681'Exclusion Bill Parliament' dissolved.source
  • 1694Sir James Montgomery of Scotland, who had been arrested on January 11 for conspiracy to restore King James to the throne, escapes and flees to France.source
  • 1701The electorate of Brandenburg–Prussia becomes the Kingdom of Prussia, as Elector Frederick III is proclaimed King Frederick I. Prussia remains part of the Holy Roman Empire. It consists of Brandenburg, Pomerania and East Prussia. Berlin is the capital.source
  • 1706Erasmus Saunders is made Rector of Helmdon, Northamptonshire.source
  • 1724The Dutch East India Company cargo ship Fortuyn, on its maiden voyage, departs from the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa after a layover of 16 days following its arrival from the Netherlands. With a crew of 225 commanded by Pieter Westrik, the ship departs for Batavia in the Dutch East Indies and is never seen again.source
  • 1737In Manila, a peace treaty is signed between Spain's Governor-General of the Philippines, Fernándo Valdés y Tamon, and the Sultan Azim ud-Din I of Sulu, recognizing Azim's authority over the islands of the Sulu Archipelago.source
  • 1751In the aftermath of the Lhasa riot of 1750, Chinese General Ban Di arrives at the capital of Tibet on behalf of the Qianlong Emperor and the seven imprisoned leaders of the rebellion are turned over to his custody by the 7th Dalai Lama, Keizang Gyatzo. General Ban Di guides the interrogation under torture of rebel leader Lobsang Trashi and, after five days orders the beheading and dismemberment of the seven rebels.source
  • 1772Queen Caroline Matilda, Johann Friedrich Struensee and Enevold Brandt were arrested and their rule ended in a palace coup.source
  • 1773The first opera performance in the Swedish language, Thetis and Phelée, performed by Carl Stenborg and Elisabeth Olin in Bollhuset in Stockholm, Sweden, marks the establishment of the Royal Swedish Opera.source
  • 1773The first opera performance in the Swedish language, Thetis et Pelée, performed by Carl Stenborg and Elisabeth Olin in Bollhuset, marks the establishment of the Royal Swedish Opera.source
  • 1778Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first views Oʻahu then Kauaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he names the Sandwich Islands.source
  • 1778The third Pacific expedition of Capt. James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first view O'ahu then Kaua'i in the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the Sandwich Islands.source
  • 1778the third Pacific expedition of James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the "Sandwich Islands".source
  • 1788The leading ship (armed tender HMS Supply) in Captain Arthur Phillip's First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay, to colonise Australia.source
  • 1788Captain Arthur Phillip arrives in Botany Bay with the lead ship of the First Fleet, HMS Supply.source
  • 1788Captain Arthur Phillip's ship arrives at Botany Bay.source
  • 1795Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam: William V, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands), flees the country.source
  • 1795William V, Prince of Orange, flees the Dutch Republic for exile at Kew.source
  • 1797This notice appears in the Quebec Gazette: "A mail for the upper counties, comprehending Niagara and Detroit, will be closed, at this office, on Monday, 30th instant, at four o'clock in the evening, to be forwarded, from Montreal, by the annual winter express, on Thursday, 2 February next."source
  • 1806The Dutch Cape Colony capitulates to British forces, the origin of its status as a colony within the British Empire.source
  • 1813January 18–23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance.source
  • 1826In India, the Siege of Bharatpur ends in British victory as Lord Combermere and Michael Childers defeat the princely state of Bharatpur, part of the modern-day Indian state of Rajasthan.source
  • 1826The Siege of Bharatpur concluded with a British victory.source
  • 1847Brottslingarne by Emelie Flygare Carlén on Mindre teatern in Stockholm.source
  • 1850Don Pacifico affair: Lord Palmerston, the Foreign Secretary, sends a Royal Navy squadron to blockade the port of Piraeus in the Aegean Sea in defence of the interests of a British citizen, causing a diplomatic incident with Russia and France.source
  • 1866Wesley College, Melbourne, is established.source
  • 1871Proclamation of the German Empire: The member states of the North German Confederation and the south German states unite into a single nation state, known as the German Empire. The King of Prussia is declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of Germany, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles.source
  • 18751875 Ontario election: Sir Oliver Mowat's Liberals win a second consecutive majority.source
  • 1883January 8 — January 19 – Trial of the 66 in Lyon, targeting the Black International in France.source
  • 1884Dr William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, at Llantrisant. Later tried at Cardiff Assizes and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the U.K. in modern times) on 14 March.source
  • 1884William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14, setting a legal precedent.source
  • 1886Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.source
  • 1901Pope Leo XIII issues the encyclical Graves de communi re on Christian Democracy.source
  • 1907Parliament of Coz Cozsource
  • 1910January 18/20 – Ottawa HC defeats Edmonton HC 21 goals to 11 to win the second Stanley Cup challenge in Ottawa's Dey's Arenasource
  • 1911Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, the first time an aircraft has landed on a ship.source
  • 1912January 18 (Old Style January 5) – Prague Conference: Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik Party break away from the rest of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.source
  • 1913First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war.source
  • 1917"Manifiesto de la Liga Antigermanófila" ('Manifesto of the Anti-Germanophile League') published in La España.source
  • 1918The Historic Concert for the Benefit of Widows and Orphans of Austrian and Hungarian Soldiers is held at the Konzerthaus, Vienna.source
  • 1918January 18–25 – General strike in Austria-Hungarysource
  • 1919Estonian War of Independence: Estonian forces liberate Narva, expelling the Red Army from Northern Estonia.source
  • 1919The Paris Peace Conference opens in France, with delegates from 27 nations attending for meetings at the Palace of Versailles.source
  • 1919The Paris Peace Conference opens at the Palace of Versailles, France. Japan sent a large delegation headed by the former Prime Minister, Marquess Saionji Kinmochi. It was originally one of the "big five" but relinquished that role because of its slight interest in European affairs. Instead it focused on two demands: the inclusion of their racial equality proposal in the League's Covenant and Japanese territorial claims with respect to former German colonies, namely Shantung (including Kiaochow) and the Pacific islands north of the Equator (the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, the Mariana Islands, and the Carolines). Makino Nobuaki was technically de facto chief while Saionji's role was symbolic and limited by his ill health.source
  • 1919Foundation of the Italian People's Party by Luigi Sturzo, a Sicilian Catholic priest. The PPI was backed by Pope Benedict XV to oppose the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). The party supported various social reforms, including the foundations of a welfare state, women's suffrage and Proportional representation voting.source
  • 1919Bentley Motors Limited is founded in England.source
  • 1921January 15-21 – The XVII Congress of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) was held at the Carlo Goldoni Theatre in Livorno from 15 to 21 January 1921. After tumultuous proceedings the congress resulted in a split in the party.source
  • 1923Elon College's campus in North Carolina is destroyed by a fire.source
  • 1928Nordahl Rolfsen, writer, educationalist and teacher, journalist, translator and speaker (born 1848)source
  • 1929Sir John Longstaff wins the 1928 Archibald Prize for his portrait of Alexander Leeper.source
  • 1934Qantas and Imperial Airways join forces and establish Qantas Empire Airways.source
  • 1940Explosion at Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills (five killed).source
  • 1940Law of national prevention (Milli Korunma Kanunu) a law which authorizes the government to control the economy to overcome the war time hardshipssource
  • 1941Petrol Ofisi a national petroleum company founded.source
  • 1943January 14–24 – WWII: Casablanca Conference: Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States; Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; and generals Henri Giraud and Charles de Gaulle of the French Resistance meet secretly at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco, to plan the Allied European strategy for the next stage of the war.source
  • 1943WWII: Soviet officials announce that the Red Army has broken the Wehrmacht's siege of Leningrad as part of Operation Iskra, opening a narrow land corridor to the city. Georgy Zhukov is promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union.source
  • 1944Marine accident in Bandırma. 24 deathssource
  • 1945The Holocaust: The SS begins the evacuation of Auschwitz concentration camp. Nearly 60,000 prisoners, mostly Jews, are forced to march to other locations in Germany; as many as 15,000 die. The 7,000 too sick to move are left without supplies being distributed.source
  • 194566,000 Jewish prisoners are evacuated from Auschwitz by the Nazis.source
  • 1945Winds of 113 mph are recorded at St. Ann's Head Lighthouse, Pembrokeshire.source
  • 1955January 18–20 – Battle of Yijiangshan Islands: The Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army seizes the islands from the Republic of China (Taiwan).source
  • 1961Baguio experiences cold at 6.3-degree Celsius, the country's lowest temperature on record.source
  • 1964The 6.3 Ml Baihe earthquake occurred in Tainan County.source
  • 1969Failure of Soyuz 5's service module to separate correctly causes a near-fatal re-entry (not publicly acknowledged until 1997) but the module makes a hard landing in the Ural Mountains.source
  • 1970Hanoch Yelon (born 1886), Austro-Hungarian (Galicia)-born Israeli linguist and leading Talmudic researcher.source
  • 1971A South Korean marine kills 6 people in a mass shooting in Kimpo.source
  • 1971Ivan Koloff defeats Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship in wrestling ending a seven and two thirds years reign, the longest in the Championships history.source
  • 1972Members of the Mukti Bahini lay down their arms to the government of the newly independent Bangladesh, 33 days after winning the war against the occupying Pakistan Army.source
  • 1977Imran Khan takes 12 wickets in a match for Pakistan win at the Sydney Cricket Ground.source
  • 1977Lucien Kraus is appointed to the Council of State.source
  • 1977Australia's worst railway disaster at Granville, a suburb of Sydney, leaves 83 people dead.source
  • 1977Scientists identify a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires' disease.source
  • 1978The European Court of Human Rights finds the British government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture.source
  • 1978The European Court of Human Rights finds Britain guilty of inhuman and degrading treatment of republican internees in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture.source
  • 19821982 Thunderbirds Indian Springs Diamond Crash: Four Northrop T-38 aircraft of the United States Air Force crash at Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field, Nevada, killing all 4 pilots.source
  • 1982The protest group 'Stop the ammo train' blocks the rail at Roodeschool to stop the American ammunition transport from the Eemshaven to Germany. Demonstrators chain themselves to the train and the tracks. Police clear the section after which the train arrives at the main station in Groningen. Where an altercation erupts between the police's mobile unit and hundreds of protesters. Many delays were caused the following day by similar protest actions.source
  • 1983U.S. Secretary of the Interior James G. Watt makes controversial remarks blaming poor living conditions on Native American reservations on "the failures of socialism." Watt will eventually resign in September after a series of other controversial remarks.source
  • 1986January 13–24 – South Yemen Civil War.source
  • 1990Marion Barry, Mayor of the District of Columbia, is caught on videotape smoking crack cocaine.source
  • 1990McMartin preschool trial: Peggy McMartin Buckey and Raymond Buckey are acquitted of 52 charges related to alleged ritual abuse taking place at their daycare in Manhattan Beach, California.source
  • 1991The establishment of Mongolian Stock Exchange.source
  • 1991Eastern Air Lines shuts down after 62 years of operations, citing financial problems. Later on December 4, Pan American World Airways ceases its operations.source
  • 1993January 6–20 – The Bombay riots take place in Mumbai.source
  • 1993João Carlos Teixeira, footballersource
  • 1997In northwest Rwanda, Hutu militia members kill 6 Spanish aid workers and three soldiers, and seriously wound another.source
  • 1999The Argentine peso continues to decline in value against the U.S. dollar, which is a source of concern for both businesses and individuals. There is talk of abandoning the Argentine peso for the US dollar.source
  • 1999Over 10,000 miners begin a march to Bucharest.source
  • 2001Fire at Schiphol airport leads to chaossource
  • 2002The Sierra Leone Civil War comes to a conclusion with the defeat of the Revolutionary United Front by government forces.source
  • 2002US Secretary of State Colin Powell arrives in Nepal supporting the government efforts against fighting Maoist terrorist.source
  • 2008An editor of an independent newspaper who reproduced the controversial cartoons of Muhammad was jailed for three years.source
  • 2008The director of radio FM Liberté is released, but charged with defamation and incitement to tribal hatred.source
  • 2009Gaza War: Hamas announces that they will accept the Israel Defense Forces offer of a ceasefire, ending the conflict.source
  • 2012As part of a series of protests against the Stop Online Piracy Act and the PROTECT IP Act, the English Wikipedia goes dark for 24 hours, starting at midnight Eastern Standard Time (05:00 UTC).source
  • 2013January 16–20 – 39 international workers and 1 security guard die in a hostage crisis at a natural gas facility near In Aménas, Algeria.source
  • 2014A warrant is issued for the arrest of Leader of the Opposition Belden Namah over claims that he sent a threatening letter to the commissioner of police.source
  • 2015January 15–19 – Pope Francis visits the country for a five-day state and pastoral visit. The pope also visits the victims of Typhoon Haiyan in Leyte. This is the first papal visit to the Philippines in the 21st century.source
  • 2018Philip Dykes is elected as the next chairperson of the Bar Council of the Hong Kong Bar Association, defeating incumbent Paul Lam.source
  • 2018A bus fire on the Samara–Shymkent road kills 52 passengers, with five people escaping.source
  • 2021COVID-19 pandemic: The country goes under lockdown for the first time since the pandemic began. Malawi has recorded 12,470 coronavirus cases and 314 deaths, but there has been a 40% increase in infections in January.source
  • 2023A helicopter crash in Brovary near Kyiv, Ukraine kills 14 people including Ukrainian Minister of Internal Affairs Denys Monastyrsky.source

Births

  • 366Valentinianus Galates, Roman emperor (died 370)source
  • 1404Sir Philip Courtenay, British noble (died 1463)source
  • 1457Antonio Trivulzio, seniore, Roman Catholic cardinal (died 1508)source
  • 1503Joachim of Münsterberg-Oels, Duke of Münsterberg, Duke of Oels, Count of Kladsko, Bishop of Brandenburg (died 1562)source
  • 1519Isabella Jagiellon, queen consort of Hungary (died 1559)source
  • 1540Catarina of Portugal, Duchess of Braganza, claimant to the Portuguese throne in 1580 (died 1614)source
  • 1543January 18 (baptized) – Alfonso Ferrabosco, Italian composer (died 1588)source
  • 1649William Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (1679–1691) (died 1691)source
  • 1659Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (died 1708)source
  • 1672Antoine Houdar de la Motte, French writer (died 1731)source
  • 1688Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1765)source
  • 1689Montesquieu, French social commentator and political thinker (died 1755)source
  • 1691William Finch, British diplomat (died 1766)source
  • 1717Jean-François-Marie de Surville, French trader and navigator (died 1770)source
  • 1752John Nash, English architect (died 1835)source
  • 1779Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (died 1869)source
  • 1782Daniel Webster, 14th and 19th United States Secretary of State (died 1852)source
  • 1790Qi Shan, Manchu Qing official (died 1854)source
  • 1849Sir Edmund Barton, 1st Prime Minister of Australia (died 1920)source
  • 1867Rubén Darío, Nicaraguan poet (died 1916)source
  • 1868Suzuki Kantarō, admiral, 42nd Prime Minister of Japan (died 1948)source
  • 1879Tane Ikai, super-centenarian (died 1995)source
  • 1904Cary Grant, English actor (died 1986)source
  • 1911Danny Kaye, American actor, comedian (died 1987)source
  • 1944Paul Keating, 24th Prime Minister of Australiasource
  • 1951Khajidsuren Bolormaa, first ladysource
  • 1971Pep Guardiola, Spanish football player and manager of Manchester City F.C.source
  • 1979Leo Varadkar, 14th Taoiseach of Irelandsource
  • 1994Jiyoung, South Korean singer and actresssource

Deaths

  • 52 BCEPublius Clodius Pulcher, murdered on the Appian Way by Titus Annius Milo (born 93 BC)source
  • 259Sun Chen, Chinese general and regent (born 232)source
  • 474Emperor Leo I dies of dysentery at Constantinople, after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old grandson Leo II, who briefly becomes ruler of the Byzantine Empire.source
  • 474Leo I, Byzantine emperor (born 401)source
  • 748Odilo, duke of Bavariasource
  • 748Duke Odilo of Bavaria dies after a 12-year reign. Grifo, youngest son of Charles Martel, seeks to establish his own rule by seizing the duchy for himself, and abducts Odilo's infant son Tassilo III.source
  • 896Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun, ruler of the Tulunid Dynasty (born 864)source
  • 970Hatto II, archbishop of Mainzsource
  • 1060Duduc (or Dudoc), bishop of Wellssource
  • 1121William of Champeaux, French philosophersource
  • 1122Christina Ingesdotter, Kievan princesssource
  • 1152Albero de Montreuil, German archbishopsource
  • 1169Shawar, Fatimid vizier and de facto rulersource
  • 1174Vladislaus II, duke of Bohemia (born 1110)source
  • 1213Queen Tamar I of Georgia (born c. 1160)source
  • 1216Guy II of Dampierre, French noblemansource
  • 1223Rusudan becomes the new Queen of Georgia after her brother, King George IV, dies of injuries received four months earlier in the Battle of Khunan against the Mongols.source
  • 1233Yang (or Gongsheng), Chinese empress (born 1162)source
  • 1253King Henry I of Cyprus ("the Fat") dies and is succeeded by his son Hugh II, who is only a few months old. His mother, Queen Plaisance of Antioch, claims the regency of Cyprus and the titular regency of Jerusalem. The High Court of Cyprus confirms her position, but the barons of Outremer require her attendance in person before they will recognize her. John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa, remains as bailli, and Plaisance contemplates marrying John's youthful son Balian. Meanwhile, King Louis IX of France ("the Saint"), still staying at Acre, continues to administer the government.source
  • 1253Henry I ("the Fat"), king of Cyprus (born 1217)source
  • 1256Maria of Brabant, duchess of Bavaria (born 1226)source
  • 1270Saint Margaret of Hungary (born 1242)source
  • 1284Qonqurtai, Mongol nobleman and viceroysource
  • 1323Catherine of Austria, German noblewoman (born 1295)source
  • 1326Robert FitzWalter, English nobleman and knight (born 1247)source
  • 1357Maria of Portugal, infanta (born 1313)source
  • 1367King Peter I of Portugal (born 1320)source
  • 1411Jobst, King of the Romans and Elector of Brandenburg, a member of the House of Luxembourg who had been elected to rule as the German monarch on October 1, dies suddenly at the age of 35 following a suspected poisoning. His death clears the way for Jobst's cousin and rival, Sigismund of Hungary, to become the new King of the Romans, and for control of the Electorate of Brandenburg to pass from the House of Luxembourg to the House of Hohenzollern, with Frederick of Hohenzollern becoming the new Elector in return for supporting the election of Sigismund.source
  • 1411Jobst of Moravia, ruler of Moravia, King of the Romanssource
  • 1425Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (born 1391)source
  • 1451Henry II, Count of Nassau-Siegen, Co-ruler of Nassau-Siegen (1442–1451) (born 1414)source
  • 1471Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (born 1418)source
  • 1479Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria (born 1417)source
  • 1546Blasco Núñez Vela first Spanish Viceroy of Peru fights with Gonzalo Pizarro at the Battle of Iñaquito and is killed.source
  • 1547Pietro Bembo, Italian cardinal and scholar (born 1470)source
  • 1586Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (born 1522)source
  • 1589Magnus Heinason, Faroese naval hero (born 1545)source
  • 1616Charles de Ligne, 2nd Prince of Arenberg, Dutch noble (born 1550)source
  • 1630Nicolò Contarini is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Venice and spends most of his time fighting a bubonic plague epidemic, but dies in office on April 2, 1631.source
  • 1646Hosokawa Tadaoki, Japanese daimyō (born 1563)source
  • 1677Jan van Riebeeck, Dutch founder of Cape Town (born 1619)source
  • 1735Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (born 1702)source
  • 1862John Tyler, 71, 10th President of the United States (born 1790)source
  • 1873Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton, English novelist (born 1803)source
  • 1890King Amadeo I of Spain (born 1845)source
  • 1934Joseph Devlin, Nationalist politician and MP in the British House of Commons and in Northern Ireland (born 1872).source
  • 1936Rudyard Kipling, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1865)source
  • 1956Konstantin Päts, 1st president of Estonia (born 1874)source
  • 1977SFR Yugoslavia Prime minister Džemal Bijedić, his wife and 6 others are killed in a plane crash in Bosnia and Herzegovina.source
  • 2016January 16 – 30 people are killed and 56 injured in terrorist attacks in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, targeting a hotel and a nearby restaurant. A siege occurs and 176 hostages are released afterwards, by government forces.source
  • 2020Yemeni Civil War: 111 Yemeni soldiers and five civilians are killed in a drone and missile attack on a military camp near Maʼrib.source