/year

July 18 in history

205 sourced entries recorded on July 18, from 390 BCE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 390 BCEBattle of the Allia: Brennus, a chieftain of the Senones of the Adriatic coast of Italy, leads an army of Cisalpine Gauls in their attack on Rome. They capture the entire city of Rome except for the Capitoline Hill, which is successfully held against them. However, seeing their city devastated, the Romans attempt to buy their salvation from Brennus. The Romans agree to pay one thousand pounds weight of gold.source
  • 64July 18- 27 – Great Fire of Rome: A fire begins which destroyed three of fourteen of the administrative regions of Rome, more commonly known as the Palatine Hill, the Circus Maximus, and the Oppian hill. Also suffering severe damage were the Campus Martius and the Via Lata.source
  • 362Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with an expeditionary force (60,000 men), and stays there for nine months, to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire. He secures the co-operation of King Arsaces of Armenia, who fights a bloody guerrilla war against the Persians.source
  • 645Tang forces under Li Shiji heading southeast toward the Yalu River put the strategic fortress of Ansi City (in the province of Liaoning) under siege.source
  • 87218 July (traditional date) – Battle of Hafrsfjord: Norse chieftain Harald Fairhair wins a great naval victory at Hafrsfjord, outside Stavanger. He becomes (at age 18) the first king of Norway. Harald's conquests and taxation system lead many Viking chiefs and their followers to emigrate to the British Isles, and (later) to Iceland.source
  • 928Tryphon succeeds Stephen II as patriarch of Constantinople (until 931).source
  • 1195Battle of Alarcos: Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur decisively defeats Castilian King Alfonso VIII.source
  • 1203July 17–18 – Alexios III tries to counterattack from the Gate of St. Romanus but retreats without a fight. Embarrassed, he prefers to escape and abandon his subjects, fleeing with the imperial treasure to Develtos (a fortified town on the Gulf of Burgas) in Thrace. Meanwhile, the Byzantine aristocracy restores the ex-emperor Isaac II to the imperial throne. On August 1, Alexios Angelos is crowned co-emperor as Alexios IV.source
  • 1210Battle of Gestilren: Sverker the Younger, the exiled former King of Sweden, is defeated and killed by the reigning King Erik Knutsson. After the battle, Erik takes the Swedish throne and marries Princess Rikissa of Denmark, daughter of the late King Valdemar I of Denmark to improve the relations with Denmark, which had supported King Sverker.source
  • 1290the Edict of Expulsion is issued expelling all Jews from England and Ireland by 1 November.source
  • 1290Edict of Expulsion: King Edward I of England ("Longshanks") orders all Jews (at this time probably numbering around 2,000) to leave the country by November 1 (All Saints' Day). The edict was decreed on Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many calamities. They are eventually allowed back in 1656.source
  • 1309King James II of Aragon and his navy depart from Valencia on their expedition to begin the Siege of Almería.source
  • 1323Thomas Aquinas, Italian priest and theologian, is canonized by Pope John XXII at the Avignon Cathedral and canonized as a saint.source
  • 1334The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundational stone laid for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral (the tower was designed by the artist Giotto).source
  • 1342Battle of Zava: Mu'izz al-Din Husayn defeats the Sarbadars.source
  • 1346July 12–18 – The English raid and burn neighbouring towns and villages in the Cotentin Peninsula.source
  • 1389The Hundred Years' War is temporarily halted as the Truce of Leulinghem goes into effect after having been signed in June by the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of France. The peace will last for 13 years.source
  • 1391Tokhtamysh–Timur war – Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde, in present day southeast Russia.source
  • 1415Sigismund, King of the Romans, departs from the meeting of the Council of Constance on a special trip to Perpignan, in order to secure the resignation of the antipope Benedict XIII in order to end the Western Schism, and then to try to end the wars between France and England, and Poland and the Teutonic Knights.source
  • 1461In the Republic of Genoa in Italy, Spinetta Fregoso is elected by the republic's council as the new chief executive, the Doge. He remains in office for only six days before being forced to surrender to Lodovico di Campofregoso.source
  • 1539The siege of Castelnuovo (now the town of Herceg Novi in Montenegro) is started by General Hayreddin Barbarossa, leader of the Ottoman Empire's Army, after the Spanish commanding officer, Francisco de Sarmiento, rejects an offer of honorable surrender with safe passage. Spain had taken the city in war from the Ottomans in 1538, giving the Christian Europeans control of the eastern Mediterranean sea and access to the Holy Land. With 50,000 Ottomans against less than 4,000 Spanish defenders, Castelnuovo falls in less than three weeks.source
  • 1545The Battle of the Solent begins between the English and French navies in The Solent, the strait between the British mainland and the Isle of Wight.source
  • 1545July 18–19 – Battle of the Solent between English and French fleets. The engagement is inconclusive but on July 19 Henry VIII of England's flagship, the Mary Rose, sinks.source
  • 1549(Tenbun 18, 24th day of the 7th month) In the Battle of Eguchi, fought in Japan's Settsu Province near Osaka, General Miyoshi Nagayoshi defies the Governor, Hosokawa Harumoto, to attack the Eguchi Castle of Nagayoshi's cousin, Miyoshi Masanaga. After a 12-day battle, Miyoshi Masanaga is killed along with several of Hosokawa's other generals. Governor Hosokawa, fearing a reprisal, flees and eventually loses his authority over Settsu Province.source
  • 1551Invasion of Gozo: Ottoman Turks and Barbary pirates invade the Mediterranean island of Gozo (now part of Malta), and enslave almost all of its 6,000 inhabitants.source
  • 1557July 10 – July 19: Thomas Radclyffe (newly succeeded as Earl of Sussex), Lord Deputy of Ireland, campaigns against the O'Connors of Offaly.source
  • 1558The city of Tartu, capital of the Bishopric of Dorpat (in modern-day Estonia) surrenders to Russia.source
  • 1561Battle of the Red Sagums: Shane O'Neill destroys much of Sussex's withdrawing army.source
  • 1574the Geraldine chiefs sign the Combination, promising to support Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, unconditionally.source
  • 1591July 18 (6 Shawal 999 AH) – In India, the four-day Battle of Bhuchar Mori ends in the Gujarat state, as General Mirza Aziz Koka leads the Mughal Empire gains a decisive victory over Nawanagar, led by the Sultan Muzaffar Shah III.source
  • 1596Queen Elizabeth I of England issues "an open warrant to the Lord Mayor of London and the aldermen and his brethren, and to all other vice-admirals, mayors, and other public officers whatsoever to whom it may appertain" directing that Africans in the realm will be deported. Citing a request from Casper van Senden "to have licence to take up so many blackamoors here in this realm and to transport them into Spain and Portugal," the Queen notes that "Her majesty... considering the reasonableness of his request to transport so many blackamoors from hence, doth think it a very good exchange and that those kind of people may be well spared in this realm being so populous and numbers of able persons the subjects of the land and Christian people that perish for want of service, whereby through their labor they might be maintained."source
  • 1622Eighty Years' War: Bergen op Zoom is besieged by a Spanish army, under the command of Ambrogio Spinola.source
  • 1630War of the Mantuan Succession: Mantua is sacked by an army of the Holy Roman Empire, led by Count Johann von Aldringen.source
  • 1631Marie de' Medici leaves for the Low Countries.source
  • 1646The Norwegian nobility is bestowed the neck and hand privilege. The privilege allowed nobels to catch, prosecute and pass judgment on criminals.source
  • 1656In an attempt to find survivors of the Vergulde Draeck, a search party is sent ashore by the rescue ship Goede Hoop; eleven men from two search parties while in the forests around the wreckage site. No trace of the Vergulde Draeck will be found for more than three centuries, until its wreckage is discovered by skin divers on April 13, 1963.source
  • 1658Prince Leopold of the House of Habsburg, son of the late Ferdinand III, is elected as the new Holy Roman Emperor.source
  • 1670July 18 (July 8, O.S.) – The Treaty of Madrid, also known as the Godolphin Treaty, is signed between England and Spain to formally end hostilities left over from the Anglo-Spanish War, in the Caribbean, that ended ten years earlier. For the first time, Spain acknowledges that it is not entitled to all territory in the Americas west of Brazil, as provided by the 1493 line of demarcation decreed by Pope Alexander VI, and by the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal. Spain acknowledges that Jamaica and the Cayman Islands are English possessions.source
  • 1675July 16–24 – An envoy from Massachusetts attempts to negotiate with the Nipmuck tribe.source
  • 1686An army of 3,000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender of a Russian Empire fortress at Albazino on the Amur River. The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons. Over the next several weeks, the Chinese troops are joined by another 3,000 men in supply boats, but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months. By December, only 24 Russians remain, and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689.source
  • 1696Azov campaign: The Russian fleet occupies Azov at the mouth of the river Don.source
  • 1702Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp succeeds his father as Duke of Schleswig.source
  • 1705War of the Spanish Succession: The Battle of Elixheim is fought near the city of Tienen (in modern-day Belgium). A troop of soldiers under the command of England's Duke of Marlborough kills 3,000 French troops under the command of the Duc de Valleroy and forces the retreat of the others, breaking the "Lines of Brabant". Because his soldiers have marched all night and then fought the battle over a full day, Marlborough is unable to send them in pursuit of Villeroy's troops.source
  • 1705War of the Spanish Succession: At the Battle of Elixheim, fought near the city of Namur (in modern-day Belgium) is fought, as an exhausted group of soldiers under the command of England's Duke of Marlborough kills 3,000 French troops under the command of the Duc de Valleroy, and forces the retreat of the others, breaking the "Lines of Brabant"source
  • 1716Melusine von der Schulenburg, mistress of George I, is created for life Duchess of Munster, Marchioness of Dungannon, Countess of Dungannon and Baroness Dundalk, in the Peerage of Ireland.source
  • 1723Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of his cantata Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz, BWV 136, in Leipzig on the eighth Sunday after Trinity.source
  • 1728After a reign of only four months, Abdalmalik is deposed as Sultan of Morocco by his half-brother Ahmad ad Dahabi, whom he had deposed on March 13. Abdalmalik is later captured and executed on March 2, 1729.source
  • 1733Christian VI travelled to Trondheim. A poem/speech by Peter Höyer was performed in his honor when he visited the city.source
  • 1734War of the Polish Succession: The Siege of Philippsburg (an Austrian fortress near Karlsruhe, Germany) by the French Army ends after eight weeks as its Austrian defenders surrender.source
  • 1768"The Liberty Song", the first American patriotic song, is published in the Boston Gazette and includes the refrain "In freedom we're born".source
  • 1787The United States ratifies its first treaty with the Sultanate of Morocco.source
  • 1792Polish–Russian War: Battle of Dubienka – Soldiers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko, resist an attack from Imperial Russian Army forces five times their size.source
  • 1798The town of Egersund is founded.source
  • 1801Matthew Flinders sets out on a voyage to produce a detailed survey of the coastline of Australia, the southern coast of which is still unknown.source
  • 1801Napoleon signs a Concordat with Pope Pius VII.source
  • 18061806 Birgu polverista explosion: A gunpowder magazine explosion in Birgu, Malta kills around 200 people.source
  • 1812Russia's Patriotic War – Battle of Klyastitsy: Kulnev defeats Oudinot, but sustains a mortal wound.source
  • 1821thief David Haggart is hanged in Edinburgh, aged 20, for the murder of a Dumfries tolbooth keeper in 1820, leaving an autobiography, The life of David Haggart, and phrenologist George Combe's Phrenological observations on the cerebral development of David Haggart.source
  • 1823Act for building additional Places of Worship in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland passed.source
  • 1823Excise Act reduces duties on the distillation of whisky, encouraging its commercial production.source
  • 1824The first 39 German settlers from Rio Grande do Sul disembark in Porto Alegre.source
  • 1830Uruguay adopts its first constitution.source
  • 1833Law on distilleries passed, establishing a duty of 22 centimes per hectolitre per day on distillation containers used.source
  • 1841The sixth bishop of Calcutta, Daniel Wilson, and Dr. James Taylor, Civil Surgeon at Dhaka, establish the first modern educational institution on the Indian subcontinent, Dhaka College. — Sundaysource
  • 1841Emperor Pedro II of Brazil is crowned in Rio de Janeiro. — Sundaysource
  • 1857The Utah Expedition leaves Fort Leavenworth, effectively beginning the Utah War.source
  • 1857Prison hulks are used for the last time in the United Kingdom.source
  • 1860Duties charged on goods brought from the countryside into towns abolished.source
  • 1861South Wales Cricket Club defeat MCC at Lord's.source
  • 1862Dent Blanche, one of the highest summits in the Alps, is first ascended.source
  • 1866The passenger vessel Netherby is wrecked off King Island, all 450 on board survivedsource
  • 1867The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune: The Serer people defeat the Muslim Marabouts of Senegambia.source
  • 1868The Navajo people begin their long march home.source
  • 1870Pastor aeternus: Pope Pius IX declares papal infallibility, in matters of faith and morals.source
  • 1877July 9–19 – The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club stages the first Wimbledon Championships in lawn tennis. English cricketer Spencer Gore becomes first Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champion (the only event held).source
  • 1881July 14–20 – The London Social Revolutionary Congress is held; delegates include Marie Le Compte, Peter Kropotkin, Errico Malatesta, Saverio Merlino, Louise Michel, Nikolai Tchaikovsky and Émile Gautier.source
  • 1898"The Adventures of Louis de Rougemont" first appear in The Wide World Magazine, as its August 1898 issue goes on sale.source
  • 1908July 13–25 – The 1908 Summer Olympics are held in London. (Originally scheduled to be in Rome, but changed due to the Mount Vesuvius eruption of 1906. Figure skating events are held in London from October 28–29.)source
  • 1912Suffragettes attempted an arson attack on the Theatre Royal, Dublin, during Asquith's visit.source
  • 1914Mahatma Gandhi leaves South Africa for the last time, sailing out of Cape Town for England, on board the S.S. Kinfauns Castle.source
  • 1914Mahatma Gandhi leaves South Africa for the last time, sailing out of Cape Town for England on board the SS Kinfauns Castle.source
  • 1914The Signal Corps of the United States Army establishes an Aviation Section, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.source
  • 1917The Rotary Club opens its first branch in Wales, at Cardiff. It is followed on 28 September by a branch at Llanelli.source
  • 1917July 16–18 – July Days: Serious clashes occur in Petrograd; Vladimir Lenin escapes to Finland; Leon Trotsky is arrested.source
  • 1917July 16–July 18 – Clashes in Petrograd in July Days; Lenin escapes to Finland; Trotsky is arrested.source
  • 1918The Cheka kill the Martyrs of Alapayevsk, six further members of the Romanov family and retainers, by throwing them down a mineshaft.source
  • 1925July 10–21 – Scopes trial: in a staged test case (the "Monkey Trial") in Dayton, Tennessee, United States, John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher (technically arrested on May 5 and indicted on May 25) is accused of assigning a reading from a (state-mandated) textbook on Darwinian evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law, the "Butler Act". He is found guilty and fined $100, though the verdict is later overturned on a technicality. The trial makes explicit the fundamentalist–modernist controversy within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, with William Jennings Bryan (who dies on July 26) being challenged by the liberal Clarence Darrow.source
  • 1925Adolf Hitler publishes Volume 1 of his personal manifesto Mein Kampf in Germany.source
  • 1934The founding of settlement Kiryat Bialik by Jewish German immigrants of the Fifth Aliyah.source
  • 1938Wrong Way Corrigan takes off from New York, ostensibly heading for California. He lands in Ireland instead.source
  • 1942WWII: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 (using only its jet engines) for the first time.source
  • 1942Booksellers receive a list of 1,470 titles that they are no longer permitted to stock or sell.source
  • 1944Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort and is succeeded on July 22 by Kuniaki Koiso.source
  • 1947President Harry S. Truman signs the Presidential Succession Act into law, which places the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate next in the line of succession, after the vice president.source
  • 1947Following wide media and UNSCOP coverage, the Exodus is captured by British troops, and refused entry into Palestine at the port of Haifa.source
  • 1950July 14–21 – Korean War: Battle of Taejon – North Korean forces capture the city held by the U.S. 24th Infantry Division, but the delay allows establishment of the Pusan Perimeter.source
  • 1955July 18–23 – Geneva Summit between the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom and France.source
  • 1955Illinois Governor William Stratton signs the Loyalty Oath Act, that mandates all public employees take a loyalty oath to the State of Illinois and the United States or lose their jobs.source
  • 1964A heavy rain, following devastate flood and landslide in Shimane and Tottori Prefecture, at least 128 people lives.source
  • 1964Judith Graham Pool publishes her discovery of cryoprecipitate, a frozen blood clotting product made from plasma primarily to treat hemophiliacs around the world.source
  • 19651965 Laotian parliamentary electionsource
  • 1966Old Man of Hoy first climbed, by Chris Bonington, Rusty Baillie and Tom Patey.source
  • 1966Gemini 10 (John Young, Michael Collins) is launched from the United States. After docking with an Agena target vehicle, the astronauts set a world altitude record of 474 miles (763 km).source
  • 1968The semiconductor company Intel is founded in what becomes known as the Silicon Valley of California.source
  • 1968The commissioning of Unit 1 of Linkou Power Plant in Taipei County.source
  • 1973The office of Governor of Northern Ireland, at this time held by The Lord Grey of Naunton, is abolished under Section 32 of the Northern Ireland Constitution Act. The Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, a UK cabinet office created in 1972, takes over the functions of the Governor on 20 December 1973 under Letters patent.source
  • 1976July 16–20 – Albert Spaggiari and his gang break into the vault of the Société Generale Bank in Nice, France.source
  • 197614-year-old Romanian gymnast Nadia Comăneci earns the first of seven perfect scores of 10 at the 1976 Summer Olympics.source
  • 1977Laos signs a friendship treaty with Vietnam, providing for Vietnamese aid loans and reconstruction projects.source
  • 1979Over 500 people die after a tsunami occurs on Lembata Island, triggered by a landslide on the Iliwerung volcano.source
  • 1980SLV-3 successfully launched from Sriharikota.source
  • 1981July 16–21 – England become the first team this century to win a cricket Test match after the follow-on when they beat Australia by 18 runs at Headingley cricket ground, Leeds, England.source
  • 1983The first death in Australia attributable to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) occurs.source
  • 1984San Ysidro McDonald's massacre: 41-year-old James Huberty walks into a McDonald's in the San Ysidro district of San Diego, resulting in 21 deaths, with Huberty being killed by a sniper 77 minutes after the ordeal begins.source
  • 1994Rwandan Patriotic Front troops capture Gisenyi, forcing the interim government into Zaire and ending the Rwandan genocide.source
  • 1994AMIA bombing: In Buenos Aires, a terrorist attack destroys a building housing several Jewish organizations, killing 85 and injuring many more.source
  • 1994July 16–22 – Fragments of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 impact the planet Jupiter.source
  • 1995Cesária Évora's album Cesária releasedsource
  • 1999The new Woodlands Checkpoint starts operations.source
  • 1999MLB Pitcher David Cone of the New York Yankees, throws the 16th perfect game in Major League Baseball history.source
  • 2000July 11–25 – A summit meeting takes place at Camp David between United States president Bill Clinton, Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat, ending without an agreement.source
  • 2003The Convention on the Future of Europe finishes its work and proposes the first European Constitution.source
  • 2003The government of the Philippines signs a ceasefire with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. It takes effect the next day.source
  • 2011The Sudanese pound is replaced by the South Sudanese pound, which is released in the form of banknotes for £1 SSP, £5 SSP, £10 SSP, £25 SSP, £50 SSP, and £100 SSP.source
  • 2011July 14–23 – Two frontal systems enter south-central Chile causing great snowfalls that leaves thousand of people isolated.source
  • 2012An explosion has killed at least seven people on a bus carrying Israeli tourists in the eastern Bulgarian city of Burgas. More than 20 people were also injured when the bus exploded at Burgas airport, by the Black Sea.source
  • 2014Typhoon Rammasun makes landfall in Hainan, China as a category 5 super typhoon, killing 88 and causing $7.14 billion in damages.source
  • 2016Ruslan Kulikbayev, a 26-year-old Salafi jihadist and ex-convict, shot and killed 10 people, including 8 police officers and 2 civilians, at a police station in Almaty, Kazakhstan before being apprehended in a chase and shootout with law enforcement.source
  • 2021An international investigation reveals that spyware sold by Israel's NSO Group to different governments is being used to target heads of state, along with thousands of activists, journalists and dissidents around the world.source
  • 2022IFLA-UNESCO Public Library Manifesto issued.source
  • 2023The National Initiative for Agricultural Development (NIAD) has completed the second phase of the "Forever Green" afforestation campaign, launched by Princess Sabika bint Ibrahim Al Khalifa, to address climate challenges and achieve zero neutrality by 2060. The campaign planted over 50,814 trees and shrubs in various projects.source

Births

  • 1013Hermann of Reichenau, German music theorist (died 1054)source
  • 1439John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, German duke (died 1507)source
  • 1501Isabella of Burgundy, queen of Christian II of Denmark (died 1526)source
  • 1504Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (died 1575)source
  • 1523Duke George II of Brieg (1547–1586) (died 1586)source
  • 1534Zacharius Ursinus, German theologian (died 1583)source
  • 1552Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1612)source
  • 1635Robert Hooke, scientist (died 1703)source
  • 1659Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (died 1743)source
  • 1670Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (died 1747)source
  • 1702Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (died 1735)source
  • 1718Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (died 1808)source
  • 1720Gilbert White, English naturalist and cleric (died 1793)source
  • 1794Feargus O'Connor, Irish political radical, Chartist leader (died 1855)source
  • 180018 July (in England): William Williams, first Bishop of Waiapu. 'Williams, William', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966.source
  • 1811William Makepeace Thackeray, British novelist (died 1863)source
  • 1824António Maria Barreiros Arrobas, colonial administrator (died 1888).source
  • 1827Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (died 1857)source
  • 1837Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (died 1873)source
  • 1848W. G. Grace, English cricketer (died 1915)source
  • 1853Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1928)source
  • 1887Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian politician, traitor (died 1945)source
  • 1913Red Skelton, American comedian (died 1997)source
  • 1918Nelson Mandela, 1st President of South Africa and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (died 2013)source
  • 1921John Glenn, American astronaut, U.S. senator (died 2016)source
  • 1937Hunter S. Thompson, American author and journalist (died 2005)source
  • 1950Sir Richard Branson, British entrepreneursource
  • 1950Jack Layton, Canadian politician (died 2011)source
  • 1961Abdallah Al Rowaished, singersource

Deaths

  • 707Emperor Monmu dies after a 10-year reign. He is succeeded by his aunt Genmei, who becomes the 43rd empress of Japan. She is the sister of former empress Jitō, and the niece and wife of late emperor Tenmu.source
  • 912Zhu Wen, emperor of Later Liang (born 852)source
  • 912Emperor Taizu (Zhu Wen) is murdered in the imperial palace at Kaifeng by his eldest living son Zhu Yougui after a 5-year reign. He succeeds his father as the ruler of Later Liang.source
  • 924Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat, Abbasid vizier (born 855)source
  • 928Stephen II, patriarch of Constantinoplesource
  • 984Dietrich I, bishop of Metzsource
  • 1038Gunhilda of Denmark, queen consort of Germanysource
  • 1046Elijah, bishop of Beth Nuhadra (born 975)source
  • 1099Fujiwara no Moromichi, Japanese nobleman (born 1062)source
  • 1100Godfrey of Bouillon, French nobleman (born 1060)source
  • 1123Bruno di Segni, Italian prelate and bishopsource
  • 1194Guy of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem (born 1150)source
  • 1232John de Braose, English nobleman and knightsource
  • 1236Valdemar of Denmark, Danish bishop and statesman (born 1158)source
  • 1270Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterburysource
  • 1300Gerard Segarelli, Italian founder of the Apostolic Brethren, is burned at the stake in Parma during a brutal repression of the Apostolics.source
  • 1300Gerard Segarelli, Italian founder of the Apostolic Brethrensource
  • 1415Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugalsource
  • 1450Francis I, Duke of Brittany (born 1414)source
  • 1474Mahmud Pasha Angelović, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (born 1420)source
  • 1488Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (born 1432)source
  • 1565Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of Englandsource
  • 1566Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish priest (born 1484)source
  • 1591Jacobus Gallus Carniolus, Slovenian composer (born 1550)source
  • 1610Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian painter active in Rome (born 1571)source
  • 1628John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg (1608–1628) (born 1582)source
  • 1639Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (born 1604)source
  • 1643François Duquesnoy (born 1597), sculptorsource
  • 1665Stefan Czarniecki, Polish general (born 1599)source
  • 1697António Vieira, Portuguese writer (born 1608)source
  • 1721Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (born 1684)source
  • 1735Johann Krieger, German composer and organist (born 1651)source
  • 1765Philip, Duke of Parma, Spanish prince (born 1720)source
  • 1792John Paul Jones, American-born naval captain (born 1747)source
  • 1800John Rutledge, governor of South Carolina (born 1739)source
  • 1803Magnús Ketilsson, 71, author.source
  • 1817Jane Austen, English novelist (born 1775)source
  • 1858Francisco Antonio Pinto (born 1785)source
  • 1863Robert Gould Shaw, American Union Army officer (killed in action) (born 1837)source
  • 1866León de Pallejas, Spanish-born general, killed in actionsource
  • 1872Mexican President Benito Juarez dies of a heart attack, and Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada becomes interim president.source
  • 1872Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1858-1872), of a heart attack (born 1806)source
  • 1916July 15–19 – WWI: Battle of Delville Wood – 766 men from the South African Brigade are killed, in South Africa's biggest loss during the First World War.source
  • 1938Queen Marie of Romania (born 1875)source
  • 201936 people are killed and more than 30 others injured after an arson attack at an animation company in Kyoto, Japan. It is one of the deadliest massacres in the country's history since the end of World War II and the deadliest building fire in the country in 18 years, since the Myojo 56 building fire in 2001.source