1273 CE

Rudolf I is elected King of Germany over the rival candidate Ottokar II, king of Bohemia, ending the Great Interregnum. He is the first of many Habsburgs to hold the throne and is crowned in Aachen Cathedral, on October 24. Ottokar refuses to acknowledge Rudolf as the new ruler and is placed under the imperial ban, leading to the outbreak of war in 1276. Thomas Aquinas, Italian priest and theologian, writes Summa Theologica, a master work of Catholic theology, leaving it unfinished, after having a mystical experience during Mass. Followers of Persian poet and mystic Rumi establish the Mevlevi Order ("whirling dervishes") in the city of Konya (approximate date).

In the 1270s, the 13th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • The Congregatio Regni totius Sclavonie Generalis, with its decisions (statuta et constitutiones), is the oldest surviving document written by the Croatian parliament (or Sabor).source

Conflict & Security

  • March 14 – Battle of Xiangyang: Chinese forces surrender to Kublai Khan's general Aju (or Achu) after a 6-year siege. The battle is the first in which firearms are used in combat.source
  • July – Mamluk forces under Baibars capture the last remaining stronghold of the Order of Assassins (Hashashin) sect, Al-Kahf Castle.source
  • August – Mongol forces surround the castle of Al-Bira. Baibars skirts around the enemy with camels and wagons. He launches a devastating attack and routes the Mongols.source
  • Autumn – Sultan Muhammad II of Granada sends an embassy to the court of Alfonso X in Seville, where it is received with honour. Alfonso agrees to Granada's demands, to end his support for the Banu Ashqilula, in exchange for the promise that Muhammad becomes Alfonso's vassal. Muhammad pays him 450,000 maravedis each year in tribute and grants the Banu rebels a truce for two years.source
  • In Korea, the Sambyeolcho Rebellion against the Goryeo dynasty (a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty) ends as rebel forces are defeated.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • January 22 – Sultan Muhammad I (or Ibn al-Ahmar) suffers fatal injuries after falling from his horse near the city of Granada during a minor military expedition. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad II, who becomes ruler of the Emirate of Granada. Muhammad enters negotiations with King Alfonso X ("the Wise") to make peace with Castile, but he refuses to grant a truce to the Banu governors (arraeces) of Málaga and Guadix in Andalusia.source

Religion & Belief

  • 28 September – William Fitz Richard de Barry, granted the church of Cahirduggan to the Priory of Ballybeg by charter.Irelandsource
  • October 1 – Rudolf I is elected King of Germany over the rival candidate Ottokar II, king of Bohemia, ending the Great Interregnum. He is the first of many Habsburgs to hold the throne and is crowned in Aachen Cathedral, on October 24. Ottokar refuses to acknowledge Rudolf as the new ruler and is placed under the imperial ban, leading to the outbreak of war in 1276.source
  • October 6 – Thomas Aquinas, Italian priest and theologian, writes Summa Theologica, a master work of Catholic theology, leaving it unfinished, after having a mystical experience during Mass.source

Economy & Finance

  • Alfonso X creates and grants privileges to the Mesta to promote the wool industry, protecting livestock owners and their animals in the Crown of Castile.source

Crime & Justice

  • The Holy Redeemer khachkar, believed to be one of the finest examples of that style of art, is carved in Haghpat (modern Armenia).source

Culture & Society

  • December – Followers of Persian poet and mystic Rumi establish the Mevlevi Order ("whirling dervishes") in the city of Konya (approximate date).source

Births

  • January 14 – Joan I of Navarre, queen of Navarre (died 1305)source
  • March 25 – Henry Percy, English nobleman and knight (died 1314)source
  • July 22 – Ewostatewos, Ethiopian religious leader (died 1352)source
  • November 24 – Alphonso, English prince and heir (died 1284)source
  • Robert Bertrand, Norman nobleman and knight (died 1348)source
  • Geoffrey I of Vianden, Luxembourgish nobleman (died 1310)source
  • Yolande of Aragon, Spanish princess (infanta) (died 1302)source
  • Min Hti King of Myanmar (died 1374)source
  • Kujō Moronori, Japanese nobleman and regent (died 1320)source
  • David VIII, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi) (died 1311)source
  • Abulfeda, Ayyubid prince, geographer and historian (died 1331)source
  • Ibn Adjurrum, Marinid scholar and grammarian (died 1323)source
  • Adam de Gordon, Scottish statesman and knight (died 1333)source
  • Henry VII of Luxembrug, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1313)source
  • Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of OffalyIrelandsource

Deaths