/year

October 1 in history

308 sourced entries recorded on October 1, from 331 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 331 BCEAlexander is victorious in the Battle of Gaugamela (near ancient Ninevah) over the Persian King Darius III. Alexander pursues the defeated Persian forces to Arbela, Darius moves his Bactrian cavalry and Greek mercenaries into Media.source
  • 431Maximianus is enthroned as Patriarch of Constantinople.source
  • 856King Æthelwulf of Wessex marries the 12- or 13-year-old Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, at Verberie (Northern France). She is crowned queen and anointed by Hincmar, archbishop of Reims. The marriage is a diplomatic alliance between Wessex and the West Frankish Kingdom.source
  • 1018Battle of Carham: King Malcolm II of Scotland and Owain Foel ("the Bald") of Strathclyde are victorious over either Uhtred the Bold or Eadwulf Cudel, rulers of Bamburgh. The battle confirms Scottish dominance over Lothian.source
  • 1187September 20–October 2 – Siege of Jerusalem: Egyptian army under Saladin captures Jerusalem, after the Crusaders led by Balian of Ibelin surrender the 'Holy City'. The take-over of the city is relatively peaceful; Saladin agrees to let the Muslims and Christians leave the city, taking with them their goods. Balian joins his wife Maria Komnene and family, in the County of Tripoli.source
  • 1273Rudolf I is elected King of Germany over the rival candidate Ottokar II, king of Bohemia, ending the Great Interregnum. He is the first of many Habsburgs to hold the throne and is crowned in Aachen Cathedral, on October 24. Ottokar refuses to acknowledge Rudolf as the new ruler and is placed under the imperial ban, leading to the outbreak of war in 1276.source
  • 1285Battle of the Col de Panissars: Aragonese forces under King Peter III (the Great) ambush and defeat a French expeditionary army while it was retreating over the Pyrenees. The French troops are massacred by the Aragonese vanguard at the Panissar Pass, but spared the royal family. Philip III (the Bold) arrives with his fatigued remnants in Perpignan, where he dies of dysentery on October 5.source
  • 1309In Italy, the Archbishop of Milan, Cassone della Torre, is imprisoned by troops sent by his cousin Guido della Torre to attack the archbishop's palace.source
  • 1310Writing from Kildrum, King Robert the Bruce of Scotland attempts to establish peace talks with King Edward II of England (who is encamped in Scotland at Biggar) but Edward refuses to negotiate.source
  • 1316Birger, King of Sweden, issues a letter of protection to the women of the Karelian people in Finland, at the time a part of the Kingdom of Sweden. The letter is the oldest document in the National Archives of Sweden.source
  • 1386The "Wonderful Parliament" is opened at Westminster by King Richard's Chancellor Michael de la Pole, while King Richard declines to attend after failing to call off his decision to summon the members.source
  • 1390The Christian crusaders of France and Genoa lift the siege of Mahdiya after Genoa negotiates a ceasefire and a 10-year armistice. The crusaders return to Genoa after having sustained 274 deaths from combat and from disease.source
  • 1402The House of Commons of England is opened at Coventry by King Henry IV, whose Lord Chancellor asks the members to pass a tax to support an offensive war against Scotland, enemies of Wales, Ireland and for defending the Marches of Guienne and Calais. Henry Redford is elected Speaker of the House.source
  • 1410A different set of electors— Friedrich III. von Saarwerden, Elector of Cologne; Johann II von Nassau, Elector of Mainz and Rudolf III, Elector of Saxony elects Jobst of Moravia as their choice for the King of the Romans. The conflict will remain unresolved for another four years.source
  • 1436King James I of Scotland gives royal assent to numerous acts recently passed by the Scottish parliament, including the Place of Trial Act ("That the kingis Justice hald the law quhair the trespes wes done."), the Englishmen Act ("of assoverance and proteccion be Inglismen"), the Selling Salmon to English Men Act and the Import of Bullion Act.source
  • 1473Johannes Hennon publishes the medical treatise Commentarii in Aristotelis libros Physicorum.source
  • 1487Royal assent is given by King James III of Scotland to acts passed by the Scottish Parliament, including the Royal Burghs Act 1487 (requiring annual meetings of the commissioners of Scotland's town governments); the annexation of Lochmaben Castle; the Sea Fishing Act (regulating the herring industry); and the Goods of Convicts Act (allowing the confiscation of possessions of persons arrested for trespassing).source
  • 1500Christopher Columbus and his brothers, arrested and in chains, are deported from Santo Domingo to Spain.source
  • 1502An annular solar eclipse occurs.source
  • 1503Fort Emmanuel is christened at Cochin after Afonso de Albuquerque obtained permission to be able to build it. It is the first European fort in India, in addition to being the first Portuguese fort.source
  • 1509The siege of Padua ends with Venetian victory, causing the retreat of HRE and French forces back to Tyrol and Milan.source
  • 1511During the War of the League of Cambrai Pope Julius II proclaims a Holy League against French dominance in Italy.source
  • 1523A conclave of 32 cardinals begins deliberations in Rome to elect a successor to the late Pope Adrian VI. Three other cardinals arrive on October 6 and balloting begins for a new Pope. Niccolò Fieschi and Bernardino López de Carvajal y Sande fail to receive the necessary majority in initial balloting, and Gianmaria del Monte comes within one vote (26 votes) of being elected. Voting continues for seven weeks before Cardinal Giulio de Medici wins 27 votes.source
  • 1531Charles V reorganises the governing institutions of the Habsburg Netherlands, establishing three "collateral councils" as the highest government bodies: the Brussels Privy Council, Council of State, and Council of Finances.source
  • 1536The Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion in England against Henry VIII's church reforms, begins in Lincolnshire and spreads across the kingdom to most of Yorkshire, and parts of Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland and Westmorland.source
  • 1536Marriage between the King Gustav Vasa and Margaret Leijonhufvud.source
  • 1540Battle of Alborán: A Habsburg Spanish fleet, under the command of Bernardino de Mendoza, destroys an Ottoman fleet commanded by Ali Hamet off Alborán Island in the Mediterranean.source
  • 1548Archduke Maximilian and Princess Maria, who married 18 days earlier, become the co-regents of Spain as King Charles V departs for Germany to administer the affairs of the Holy Roman Empire. They serve until Prince Philip, the first regent, returns from battle on July 12, 1551.source
  • 1578Alessandro Farnese succeeds his uncle, Don John, as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.source
  • 1587Shāh ‘Abbās I "The Great" succeeds as Shahanshah of Iran.source
  • 1594The siege of Fort Crozon begins as an English and French army attacks the Spanish held fortress at the Pointe des Espagnols in France.source
  • 1608The second of the Jamestown supply missions, which set out in July from England, arrives at Jamestown, Virginia, with Christopher Newport commanding the Mary and Margaret carrying 70 settlers, bringing the population back up to 120; the passengers include two women and some skilled artisans, mostly from continental Europe, to develop industries.source
  • 1618native Irish ordered to leave lands of the British Plantation of Ulster by 1 May 1619 or be fined.source
  • 1643The wedding of Crown Prince Frederick (III) and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg takes place at Castle Glücksburg.source
  • 1644The Jews of Mogilev, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, are attacked during Tashlikh.source
  • 1653Orders in Liège to raise 500 cavalry and 1,000 infantry to guarantee the territory's neutralitysource
  • 1654Formal diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom begins: The United Kingdom opens an embassy in Copenhagen. Denmark has an embassy in London.source
  • 1657Treaty of Raalte: William III, Prince of Orange is no longer stadtholder of Overijssel.source
  • 1661a yacht race from Greenwich to Gravesend between King Charles and James, Duke of York makes the sport fashionable.source
  • 1685Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.source
  • 1702The founding deed of the University of Wrocław is signed by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I of the House of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia.source
  • 1725The County of Scheel is established by Christen Skeel from the manors of Sostrup, Skærvad, Ørbækgaard, Steensmark, Debildhede, Skiern and Karmark.source
  • 1726Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta is appointed again as Secretary of the Universal Bureau (Secretario del Despacho), the equivalent of the Prime Minister of Spain, after the retirement of José de Grimaldo.source
  • 1756Seven Years' War: Battle of Lobositz – Frederick defeats an Austrian army under Marshal Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf von Browne.source
  • 1761Austrian field marshal Ernst Gideon von Laudon captures the Prussian town of Schweidnitz (now Świdnica in Poland) during the Seven Years' War.source
  • 1762September 24–October 6 – Battle of Manila: Troops of the British East India Company take Manila from the Spanish, leading to the British occupation of Manila and its being made an open port.source
  • 1763construction of first North Bridge, Edinburgh, begins, including drainage of eastern end of Nor Loch. The Edinburgh Physick Garden moves from a site by the loch to Leith Walk.source
  • 1766Crown Prince Gustav of Sweden weds Princess Sophia Magdalena of Denmark. They become King Gustav III and Queen Consort Sophia of Sweden upon his ascension to the throne in 1771.source
  • 1768The British Army's 29th Infantry Regiment of foot soldiers, which will carry out the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770, arrives in Boston Harbor along with three other regiments. The 700 foot soldiers march through the Massachusetts colony's capital as a show of force and begin their occupation. Within a year, there will be "nearly 4,000 armed redcoats in the crowded seaport of 15,000 inhabitants."source
  • 1769James Cook names White Island, off the coast of New Zealand.source
  • 1779The city of Tampere, Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav III of Sweden.source
  • 1787Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792): Battle of Kinburn – Alexander Suvorov, though sustaining a wound, routs the Turks.source
  • 1788William Brodie is hanged at the Tolbooth in Edinburgh.source
  • 1791French Revolution: The Legislative Assembly (France) convenes.source
  • 1795The Austrian Netherlands is annexed to the French Republic, as the Belgian departments.source
  • 1798Sydney's first church St Philip's is destroyed by fire.source
  • 1800Third Treaty of San Ildefonso: Spain returns Louisiana (New Spain) to France, in return for the Tuscany area of Italy.source
  • 1806The brig Mary runs aground on the Arklow Bank, in the Irish Sea and is wrecked with the loss of seven of the ten people on board. Two of the survivors are rescued by Mary, a ship homeported in Liverpool, Lancashire, whilst the third is rescued by Mary, a ship homeported in Amlwch, Anglesey.source
  • 1812Balloonist James Sadler flies over the north Wales coastline in an unsuccessful attempt to cross the Irish Sea.source
  • 1812English balloonist James Sadler starts a balloon flight from Belvedere House near Mullingar in an attempt to cross the Irish Sea. He fails and almost drowns as a result.source
  • 1826The Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway opens in Scotland.source
  • 1827Russo-Persian War, 1826–1828: The Russians under Ivan Paskevich storm Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Armenia.source
  • 1828James Beaumont Neilson patents the hot blast process for ironmaking.source
  • 1829South African College is inaugurated in Cape Town.source
  • 1831John and Betty Guard's son, John Guard, is born at his father's whaling station at Te Awaiti in Tory Channel. He is the first European child born in the South Island.source
  • 1837The Punishment of Offences Act and other acts coming into force on this day remove capital punishment as a penalty for crimes including burglary, arson, forgery and "shooting at".source
  • 1838First Carlist War – Battle of Maella: Supporters of Infante Carlos María Isidro of Spain are victorious.source
  • 1844Ludwig Leichhardt leads expedition starting from Jimbour on the Darling Downs to Port Essington, Northern Territory, arriving in December 1845.source
  • 1846Triton, Neptune's largest moon, is discovered by William Lassell 17 days after the discovery of Neptune.source
  • 1846Christ College, Tasmania, opens with the hope that it will develop along the lines of an Oxbridge college, and provide the basis for university education in Tasmania. By the 21st century it will be the oldest tertiary institution in Australia.source
  • 1850Der Bund is establishedsource
  • 1850The University of Sydney (the oldest in Australia) is founded.source
  • 1850University of Sydney is founded as Australia's first university.source
  • 1853C. Bechstein's piano factory is founded, one of three established in a "golden year" in the history of the piano (Julius Blüthner and Steinway & Sons being the others).source
  • 1854The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury, Massachusetts, by Aaron Lufkin Dennison, relocates to Waltham, to become the Waltham Watch Company, pioneer in the American system of watch manufacturing.source
  • 1857Eviction of last residents of Seneca Village to make way for New York City's Central Park is completed.source
  • 1859The Odontological Society of London's Dental Hospital of London opens the first dental school in Britain, the London School of Dental Surgery.source
  • 1860Battle of Volturnus: Garibaldi defeats the last organized army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.source
  • 1864A calamity is narrowly averted in London at the Erith explosionsource
  • 1864The Australasian (later to be known as Australasian Post) is first published in Melbourne.source
  • 1868Chulalongkorn starts to rule in Siam.source
  • 1872The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College begins its first academic session (the university is later renamed Virginia Tech). The first case is reported in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, of the Great Epizootic of 1872 (equine influenza, or the "horse flu") which will substantially disrupt life in North America by mid-December.source
  • 1874The North-West Mounted Police base at Fort Macleod is foundedsource
  • 1879University of Nebraska Cornhusker Marching Band is founded in Lincoln, Nebraska. The group will go on to perform the first football halftime show in 1892 and, under Director Donald A. Lentz, invent Band Day.source
  • 1880German company Munich Re is founded in Munich.source
  • 1881The first telephone exchange in New Zealand is opened in Christchurch.source
  • 1883In Amsterdam, the first International Colonial and Export Exhibition closes, having had over 1 million visitors.source
  • 1883Sydney Boys High School is founded in Sydney, Australia, the country's first state high school.source
  • 1885DSB is founded through the merger of the state-owned Zealand Railway Company and Jutland-Funen Railway Company.source
  • 1887The British Empire takes over Balochistan.source
  • 1887A. G. Sheath, with Shot Put, 10.21 m at Napier, makes the first performance to be recognised as a national record.source
  • 1888Sofia University officially opens, becoming the first university in liberated Bulgaria.source
  • 1890Yosemite National Park is established in California.source
  • 1890Yosemite National Park created.source
  • 1891Skansen is established as the world's first open-air museum by Artur Hazelius, on the island of Djurgården in Stockholm, Sweden.source
  • 1891Stanford University in California opens its doors.source
  • 1892The University of Chicago holds its first classes.source
  • 1894Petrópolis becomes the capital of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, until 1902.source
  • 1894Leipziger Volkszeitung is first published.source
  • 1895French troops capture Antananarivo, Madagascar.source
  • 1895September 24–October 3 – the Automobile Club de France sponsors the longest race to date, a 1,710 km event, from Bordeaux to Agen and back. Because it is held in ten stages, it can be considered the first rally. The first three places are taken by two Panhards and a three-wheeler De Dion-Bouton.source
  • 1895The Podul Regele Carol I (now called the Anghel Saligny Bridge) is opened, crossing the River Danube between Cernavodă and Fetești. It is the longest bridge in continental Europe and the third longest in the world.source
  • 1896Gottlieb Daimler builds the first gasoline truck.source
  • 1898The Vienna University of Economics and Business is founded, under the name K.u.K. Exportakademie.source
  • 1899Possession of the Mariana Islands is formally transferred from Spain to Germany, which purchased the archipelago (with the exception of Guam) from Spain for 837,500 German gold marks and become part of German New Guinea.source
  • 1899Jan Gysbert Hugo Bosman, a.k.a. Bosman di Ravelli, a concert pianist and composer, leaves South Africa for London.source
  • 1903October 1–13 – First modern World Series: The Boston Americans defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in eight games.source
  • 1904Phi Delta Epsilon, the international medical fraternity, is founded by Aaron Brown and 8 of his friends, at Cornell University Medical College.source
  • 1904Phi Delta Epsilon, the international medical fraternity, is founded by Aaron Brown and eight of his friends at Cornell University Medical College.source
  • 1905Turkish Association football team Galatasaray is founded in Istanbul.source
  • 1905A Czech worker, František Pavlík, is bayoneted to death during a demonstration for a Czech university in Brno. This event is the motivation for a piano sonata, 1. X. 1905, by Leoš Janáček, which premieres on 27 January 1906.source
  • 1906The Grand Duchy of Finland becomes the first nation to include the right of women to stand as candidates when it adopts universal suffrage.source
  • 1907Office of the Superintendent of Prisons and Prisoners established within Department of Justice.source
  • 1908Penny Post is established between the United Kingdom and United States.source
  • 1908Official launch of Henry Ford's Ford Model T automobile, the first having left the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit, Michigan, on September 27. The initial price is set at US$850.source
  • 1910The opening of Lumachan railway station in Tainan Prefecturesource
  • 1913Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa's troops take Torreón after a 3-day battle, when government troops retreat.source
  • 1916Time in Ireland: Dublin Mean Time (25 minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time) was replaced by British time from 2 am today under the terms of the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.source
  • 1916Carl Otto Løvenskiold, naval officer, politician and land owner (born 1839).source
  • 1916September 29-October 5 – Flămânda Offensivesource
  • 1917September 26–October 3 – WWI: Battle of Polygon Wood (part of the Battle of Passchendaele) near Ypres in Belgium – British and Australian troops capture positions from the Germans.source
  • 1917According to Japanese government official document figure, a large-scale typhoon and tidal wave hit around Tokyo Bay area, 1,362 persons were human fatalities.source
  • 1919Women's Royal Naval Service disbanded.source
  • 1922G. I. Gurdjieff opens his Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man at Fontainebleau, France.source
  • 1923The Johor–Singapore Causeway opens to public traffic.source
  • 1925The United States Congress grants permission for Gutzon Borglum to begin constructing Mount Rushmore National Memorial on federal land in South Dakota.source
  • 19261 October − Public Service Commission established, it was later reconstituted as Federal Public Service Commission by the Government of India Act 1935 only to be renamed as today's Union Public Service Commission after the independence.source
  • 1928Joseph Stalin launches the first five-year plan (1928–1932); the average nonfarm wage falls by 50% in the Soviet Union.source
  • 1928The first five-year plan is implemented.source
  • 1929The opening of Fugang railway station in Shinchiku Prefecture.source
  • 1930British rule of Weihaiwei ends, as it is returned to China.source
  • 1932Gyula Gömbös becomes Prime Minister of Hungary, the first time a member of the radical right has become the country's head of government.source
  • 1933Engelbert Dollfuss, leader of the Fatherland's Front in Austria, is seriously injured in a failed assassination attempt.source
  • 1937Following the assassination of the British District Commissioner for the Galilee, the British authorities ban all Arab nationalist political organisations and arrests members of the Arab Higher Committee. Four of whom are deported to the Seychelles. Haj Amin al-Husseini and Jamal al-Husseini avoid arrest and leave the country.source
  • 1937The Marihuana Tax Act becomes law in the United States.source
  • 1938German troops march into the Sudetenland. The Polish government gives the Czech government an ultimatum, stating that Trans-Olza region must be handed over within twenty-four hours. The Czechs have little choice but to comply; Polish forces occupy Trans-Olza.source
  • 1940The first section of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, the country's first long-distance controlled-access highway, is opened between Irwin and Carlisle.source
  • 1940The first section of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, the United States' first long-distance controlled-access highway, is opened.source
  • 1941The New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy becomes the Royal New Zealand Navy.source
  • 1943September 22–October 2 – WWII: Landing at Scarlet Beach on the Huon Peninsula of New Guinea by Allied forces, the first time Australian troops have made an opposed amphibious landing since the Gallipoli Campaign of 1915.source
  • 1946Mensa, an international organization for people with a high intelligence quotient (IQ), is founded by Roland Berrill, an Australian-born lawyer, and Lancelot Ware, an English biochemist and lawyer, in Oxford.source
  • 1947The North American F-86 Sabre jet fighter aircraft makes its first flight.source
  • 1951Turkish Air Force Academy was foundedsource
  • 1951Pakistan Standard Time (UTC+05:00) is introduced and implemented following the findings of mathematician Prof Mahmood Anwar. The country had been using the Indian Standard Time as the time standard until then.source
  • 19521952 Japanese general electionsource
  • 1953The Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea is concluded in Washington, D.C.source
  • 1953The Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–South Korea) was signed,source
  • 1955Finance minister Abraham Perez resigns due to disagreements with President Campo.source
  • 1955South Africa wins 4–1 at the Newcastle's Sports Grounds, Australia.source
  • 1957The Africanized bee is accidentally released in Brazil.source
  • 1958Tunisia and Morocco join the Arab League.source
  • 1958The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty of Christmas Island from Singapore to Australia.source
  • 1958NASA starts operations and replaces the NACA in the United States.source
  • 1958The Standards of Weights and Measures Act took effect.source
  • 1959The 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China is celebrated with pomp across the country.source
  • 1960Nigeria becomes independent from the United Kingdom, and Nnamdi Azikiwe becomes its first native-born Governor General.source
  • 1961Unification Day (Cameroon): The formerly British Southern Cameroons gains independence from the United Kingdom by vote of the UN General Assembly and joins with formerly French Cameroun to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon.source
  • 1962The first black student, James Meredith, registers at the University of Mississippi, escorted by Federal Marshals to protect him from official obstruction and violent segregationalist protest, the "Ole Miss riot of 1962".source
  • 1962Johnny Carson takes over as permanent host of NBC's The Tonight Show on television, a post he will hold for 30 years.source
  • 19631 October 1963 - the former Governor-General Nnamdi Azikiwe became the first President of Nigeria.source
  • 1963Construction company GK Međimurje, one of the largest Croatian construction and civil engineering companies (with more than 8,000 employees in 1980s), founded in Čakovec.source
  • 19631 October 1963 - appeals from the Supreme Court of Nigeria to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London were abolished, but cases then pending retained their right of appeal to the J.C.P.C. from the Nigerian court system.source
  • 1963U.S. President John F. Kennedy toasts Emperor Haile Selassie at a luncheon in Rockville, Maryland.source
  • 1964The Shinkansen high-speed rail system, the world's first such system, is inaugurated in Japan, for the first sector between Tokyo and Osaka.source
  • 1964Three thousand student activists at the University of California, Berkeley, surround and block a police car from taking a CORE volunteer arrested for not showing his ID, when he violated a ban on outdoor activist card tables. This protest eventually explodes into the Berkeley Free Speech Movement.source
  • 1966West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with 18 fatal injuries and no survivors 5.5 mi south of Wemme, Oregon, the first loss of a DC-9.source
  • 1968The Keep Singapore Clean campaign is launched.source
  • 1969In Sweden, Olof Palme is elected Leader of the Social Democratic Worker's Party, replacing Tage Erlander as Prime Minister on October 14.source
  • 1969The Beijing Subway begins operation.source
  • 1969The National Space Development Agency of Japan is established.source
  • 1970The first shopping mall in Singapore, the People's Park Complex, is opened.source
  • 1971September 27–October 11 – Japanese Emperor Hirohito travels abroad.source
  • 1971Walt Disney World opens in Orlando, Florida.source
  • 1972Singapore Airlines starts its first flights.source
  • 1972The first publication reporting the production of a recombinant DNA molecule, by Paul Berg and colleagues, marks the birth of modern molecular biology methodology.source
  • 1972September 30-October 7: Hurricane Joannesource
  • 1972Alex Comfort's bestselling manual The Joy of Sex is published.source
  • 1975"Thrilla in Manila": Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines. The fight is viewed live by well over 100 million people worldwide.source
  • 1975Morocco and Mauritania announced they would invade Western Sahara and split it between themselves after Spain announces a referendum would be held for the Sahrawi colony.source
  • 1976The OCBC Centre is officially opened.source
  • 1977Energy Research and Development Administration combines with the Federal Energy Administration to form United States Department of Energy.source
  • 1977Pelé, playing for the New York Cosmos, scores his last goal to defeat Santos FC 2-1, at Giants Stadium, in East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States. This would be his last official game, thus saying goodbye to his professional football career.source
  • 1978Tuvalu becomes independent from the United Kingdom.source
  • 1978Roger Maul is appointed President of the Council of State to replace Ferdinand Wirtgen.source
  • 1979Nigeria terminates military rule, and the Second Nigerian Republic is established.source
  • 1979October 1–7 – Pope John Paul II makes a six-city visit to the United States, starting in Boston.source
  • 1979The MTR, the rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong, opens.source
  • 1982Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a constructive vote of no confidence.source
  • 1982Opening ceremony of the Queen's Cup. Preparations were made for an assassination attempt on the Thai Royal Family during the opening of the Queen's Cup.source
  • 1982Prince Claus, who is suffering from severe depressions is admitted to a psychiatric clinic in Basel. He would reappear in public in September 1983. Surprisingly this all improved his popularity amongst the Dutch people.source
  • 1982Sony launches the first consumer compact disc (CD) player (model CDP-101).source
  • 1985Operation Wooden Leg: The Israeli air force bombs Palestine Liberation Organization headquarters near Tunis.source
  • 1985Israel carries out Operation Wooden Leg bombing the PLO headquarters in Hammam Chott, Tunisia. Killing 50 Palestinians and 18 Tunisians and wounding over 100 people.source
  • 1986U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Goldwater–Nichols Act into law, making official the largest reorganization of the United States Department of Defense since the Air Force was made a separate branch of service in 1947.source
  • 1987The closed-toll system came into force along the Kuala Lumpur–Ayer Keroh and Ipoh–Changkat Jering expressways.source
  • 1989Civil union between partners in a same-sex relationship becomes legal in Denmark under a law enacted on June 7, the world's first such legislation.source
  • 1989October 1–13 – Typhoons Angela (Rubing), Dan (Saling), and Elsie (Tasing) impact the country in two weeks.source
  • 1990The rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front invades Rwanda from Uganda, marking the start of the Rwandan Civil War.source
  • 1990The Soviet Union enacts a law permitting religious freedom, ending government interference in religious activity and permitting Soviet citizens to engage in private religious study in their homes.source
  • 1991Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Forces of the Yugoslav People's Army surround Dubrovnik, beginning the Siege of Dubrovnik, which lasts until May 31, 1992.source
  • 1994Palau gains independence from the United Nations Trusteeship Council.source
  • 1994In Slovakia, populist leader Vladimír Mečiar wins the general election.source
  • 1996Radio station Belfast CityBeat begins broadcasting.source
  • 1996September 30 – October 4: Hurricane Hernansource
  • 1997Luke Woodham walks into Pearl High School in Pearl, Mississippi and opens fire, killing two girls, after killing his mother earlier that morning.source
  • 1998Europol is established when the Europol Convention signed by all of its member states comes into force.source
  • 1999Shanghai Pudong International Airport opens in China, becoming the primary international airport serving Shanghai and taking over all international flights from Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport.source
  • 1999After a resounding corruption scandal that revealed the robbing of the bank, the government liquidates the bankrupt Bancorex.source
  • 1999November 6 – The 1999 Rugby World Cup, the first World Cup in the professional era of rugby is held in Wales and is won by Australia who beat France in the final.source
  • 2000The ban on brothels is lifted.source
  • 2000Nigeria celebrates 40 years of independence from the United Kingdom.source
  • 2001Jaish-e-Mohammed militants attack the state legislature building in Srinagar, Kashmir, killing 38 people.source
  • 2001October 1 – 3G wireless technology first becomes available when it is adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo.source
  • 2002September 21–October 4 – Hurricane Lili crosses Cuba and several other Caribbean islands before making landfall in Louisiana.source
  • 2005A series of suicide bombs exploded at Kuta and Jimbaran, Bali, Indonesia. The attack killed 20 and injured over 100 others.source
  • 2006Typhoon Xangsane made landfall in Da Nang.source
  • 20062006 Bosnian general election took place.source
  • 2009Paleontologists announce the discovery of an Ardipithecus ramidus fossil skeleton, deeming it the oldest remains of a human ancestor yet found.source
  • 2009Burkina Faso's government designates 12 areas of interest as Ramsar Sites.source
  • 2010Građevni kombinat 'Međimurje' from Čakovec, one of the largest Croatian construction and civil engineering companies (with more than 8,000 employees in 1980s), ceased to existsource
  • 2016the Miss Universo Paraguay 2016 pageantsource
  • 2018The International Court of Justice rules that Chile is not obliged to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean with Bolivia.source
  • 20192019–20 Hong Kong protests: A protester is shot in the chest with a live round of ammunition and critically injured.source
  • 2019The Nanfang'ao Bridge, the only steel single-arch bridge in Taiwan, collapses, killing six people and injuring more than twenty others.source
  • 2020The EU began legal proceedings against the UK after it ignored their deadline to drop controversial sections from its internal market Bill.source
  • 2021The 2020 World Expo in Dubai begins. Its opening was originally scheduled for 20 October 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.source
  • 2022A fatal human crush occurs during an association football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, killing 135 people and injuring more than 500.source
  • 2022September 22 – October 1 – The 2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup is held in Sydney, Australia. In the final, the United States wins 83–61 against China.source
  • 2024The Japanese parliament elects Shigeru Ishiba as the new prime minister of Japan, with members from the Liberal Democratic Party forming the majority. Following his appointment, he reveals his cabinet and calls for a snap election on October 27, securing a national mandate.source
  • 2024The Israel Defense Forces invade southern Lebanon, escalating its conflict against Hezbollah.source
  • 2024Two boats carrying migrants sink off the coast of Khôr ʽAngar, killing at least 45 people and leaving 61 others missing.source
  • 2025An agreement allowing absolute freedom of movement for nationals of Barbados, Belize, Dominica and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines travelling between their countries comes into effect.source
  • 2025Israel intercepts the Global Sumud Flotilla, a fleet carrying humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip, in international waters, arresting 443 activists from 47 countries.source

Births

  • 86 BCESallust, Roman historian (died 34 BC)source
  • 1207Henry III (of Winchester), English king (died 1272)source
  • 1408October 1 or 1409 – Karl Knutsson, King of Sweden (died 1470)source
  • 1409Karl Knutsson Bonde, King of Sweden (died 1470)source
  • 1420Elisabeth of Cleves, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, German noble (died 1488)source
  • 1461Amalie of Brandenburg, Countess Palatine and Duchess of Zweibruecken and Veldenz (died 1481)source
  • 1476Guy XVI, Count of Laval (died 1531)source
  • 1485Johannes Dantiscus, Polish poet and bishop (died 1548)source
  • 1507Johannes Sturm, German educator (died 1589)source
  • 1507Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (died 1573)source
  • 1526Dorothy Stafford, English noble (died 1604)source
  • 1542Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, Spanish explorer (died 1595)source
  • 1554Leonardus Lessius, Jesuit theologian (died 1623)source
  • 1644Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (died 1682)source
  • 1671Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (died 1742)source
  • 1681Giulia Lama, Italian painter (died 1747)source
  • 1685Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1740)source
  • 1691Arthur Onslow, Speaker of the British House of Commons (died 1768)source
  • 1754October 1 (20 September O.S.) – Paul I of Russia (also known as Pavel Petrovich), Tsar of Russia until his death in 1801source
  • 1781James Lawrence, U.S. Navy officer (died 1813)source
  • 1787Björn Blöndal, District Commissioner.source
  • 1829Sidney Hill, English philanthropist (died 1908)source
  • 1832Henry Clay Work, American composer and songwriter (died 1884)source
  • 1847Annie Besant, English women's rights activist, writer and orator (died 1933)source
  • 1910Bonnie Parker, American outlaw, member of Barrow Gang (died 1934)source
  • 1924William Rehnquist, 16th Chief Justice of the United States (died 2005)source
  • 1924Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (died 2024)source
  • 1935Dame Julie Andrews, English singer and actresssource
  • 1956Theresa May, Prime Minister of the United Kingdomsource
  • 2000Kalle Rovanperä, rally driversource

Deaths

  • 366Pope Liberius dies after a 14-year reign and is succeeded by Damasus I as 37th pope. Romans unhappy with this choice elect the antipope Ursicinus.source
  • 630Tajoom Ukʼab Kʼahkʼ, the ruler of the Mayan city state of Calakmul in southern Mexico dies after a reign of eight years and is succeeded by Cauac, who reigns until 636.source
  • 686Tenmu, emperor of Japansource
  • 686Emperor Tenmu of Japan dies after a 13-year reign, and is succeeded by his widow (and niece), Empress Jitō. She will reign until 697.source
  • 804Richbod, archbishop of Triersource
  • 895Kong Wei, chancellor of the Tang Dynastysource
  • 918Zhou, empress of Former Shusource
  • 959King Eadwig dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old brother Edgar I (the Peaceful), who effectively completes the unification of England, when Northumbria submits to his rule.source
  • 959Eadwig (the All Fair), king of Englandsource
  • 961Artald, archbishop of Reimssource
  • 1018Gilbert Buatère, Norman noblemansource
  • 1040Alan III, duke of Brittany (born 997)source
  • 1126Morphia of Melitene, queen of Jerusalem (or 1127)source
  • 1127Morphia of Melitene, queen consort of Jerusalem (or 1126)source
  • 1187Yaroslav Osmomysl, Galician prince (born 1135)source
  • 1269Giordano Pironti, Italian aristocrat and cardinalsource
  • 1367Red Turban Rebellions: Zhu Yuanzhang takes Suzhou from Zhang Shicheng, who unsuccessfully attempts suicide before being captured and taken to Nanjing, where he dies.source
  • 1404Pope Boniface IX (born 1356)source
  • 1416Yaqub Spata, lord of Artasource
  • 1450Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara, Italian noble (born 1407)source
  • 1474Juan Pacheco, Spanish noble and politician (born 1419)source
  • 1499Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (born 1433)source
  • 1500John Alcock, English Bishop of Ely (born c. 1430)source
  • 1532Jan Mabuse, Flemish paintersource
  • 1570Frans Floris, Flemish painter (born 1520)source
  • 1574Maarten van Heemskerck, Dutch painter (born 1498)source
  • 1578Don John of Austria, military leader (born 1547)source
  • 1585Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony (born 1532)source
  • 1640Claudio Achillini, Italian philosopher, theologian, mathematician, poet, jurist (born 1574)source
  • 1659Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Spanish politician, clergyman (born 1600)source
  • 1683John Hull, colonial American merchant and politician (born 1624)source
  • 1684Pierre Corneille, French playwright (born 1606)source
  • 1698Richard Frankland, dissenter (born 1630)source
  • 1728Robert Livingston the Elder, New York colonial official (born 1654)source
  • 1768Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (born 1687)source
  • 1808Carl Gotthard Langhans, German architect (born 1732)source
  • 1808Carl Gotthard Langhans, German architect (born 1732)source
  • 1818At least six Wodiwodi people (an Aboriginal people) are killed by nine European settlers in the Minnamurra River massacre.source
  • 1838Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist, industrialist (born 1768)source
  • 1868Mongkut (Rama IV), King of Siam (Thailand) (born 1804)source
  • 1885Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, British politician and philanthropist (b.1801)source
  • 1901Abdur Rahman Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (born 1844)source
  • 2000Reginald Kray, 66, British criminal, bladder cancer.source
  • 201760 people are killed and 867 more injured when Stephen Paddock opens fire on a crowd in Las Vegas, surpassing the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting as the deadliest mass shooting perpetrated by a lone gunman in U.S. history.source
  • 2017Stephen Paddock opens fire on a crowd at the Route 91 Harvest music festival adjacent to the Mandalay Bay resort and casino at the Las Vegas Strip. 59 people were killed and 869 were injured, making it the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history.source