/year

June 13 in history

213 sourced entries recorded on June 13, from 323 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 1099The Crusaders under Godfrey of Boullion launch their first assault on Jerusalem, while the Fatimid garrison and Jewish militia defend the northern wall at the Damascus Gate.source
  • 1108Restored Ferentino Cathedral in Italy is consecrated.source
  • 1261Al-Mustansir II becomes the first Abbasid ruler in Cairo (after his escape during the Siege of Baghdad). He is sent with an army by Sultan Baibars to recover Baghdad, but is killed in a Mongol ambush near Anbar (modern Iraq), on November 28. The Abbasid caliphs continue as religious figureheads for the Mamluks in Egypt until the 16th century.source
  • 1291Guardians and the Scottish nobles recognise Edward I as overlord of Scotland, agreeing that the kingdom will be handed over to him until a rightful heir has been found.source
  • 1313Pope Clement V declares Naples to be under papal protection. He names King Robert the Wise of Naples, "Senator of Rome".source
  • 1317Cardinal Jacques de Via, Bishop of Avignon and nephew of Pope John XXII, is found dead. A court will conclude on August 30 that de Via was murdered by witchcraft.source
  • 1318Robert, King of Naples delivers an ultimatum to Matilda of Hainaut, ruler of the Greek Principality of Achaea, to accept marriage to John of Gravina or to lose her right to rule.source
  • 1324King Edward II of England dispatches his envoy, Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke to France in an attempt to negotiate a peaceful end to the Saint-Sardos incident. Stopping at Saint-Riquier 10 days later, Pembroke dies of a heart attack before reaching Paris.source
  • 1363The unification of the two sees of Waterford and Lismoresource
  • 1392An assassination attempt by Pierre de Craon against Olivier V de Clisson, Constable of France, fails.source
  • 1395Prince Albert of Austria marries his first cousin, once-removed, Joanna Sophia of Bavaria at Vienna ending a feud between her father, Albert, Duke of Bavaria and his father, Albert III, Duke of Austria.source
  • 1402Jingnan campaign: The Army of Yan arrives at the walls of Nanjing, capital of Imperial China and surrounds the city. The defenders on the north side open the Jinchuan Gate and let the invaders in. China's Emperor Zhu Yun Wen then orders for the palace to be set on fire with himself and his followers burned to death inside before the Yan King Zhu Di arrives. Zhu Di orders the execution of 29 palace officials.source
  • 1423Hundred Years' War: John, Duke of Bedford marries Anne of Burgundy, strengthening the Anglo-Burgundian alliance against France.source
  • 1454The canton of St. Gallen is accepted as an associate state of the Swiss Confederation.source
  • 1454Ulrich II, Count of Celje becomes the new Ban of Slavonia upon the death of his father, Frederick II.source
  • 1466Sin Sukchu resigns as Chief State Councillor (Yonguijong) of the Korean Empire, an office equivalent to prime minister, and is succeeded by Ku Ch'igwan.source
  • 1486King Henry VII of England issues a proclamation confirming that Pope Innocent VIII had issued a papal bull recognizing Henry's title as the rightful King. In the same proclamation, King Henry asserts that opposition to his title will be punishable by excommunication under the papal bull, and declares that the marriage to Elizabeth of York ended "the variances, dissensions and debates that had been in the realm of England between the houses of the Dukes of Lancaster on the one part and the house of the Duchy of York on the other." King Henry uses the new technology of the printing press as his means of mass communication throughout England, and hires printer Walter de Machlinea mass produce the declaration for distribution.source
  • 1497Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, issue the ordinance of Medina del Campo, creating a money system based on the copper maravedí, creating the peso of 34 maravedis. In the next three centuries, this system will dominate international payments. It will be used in almost all parts of the Americas and large parts of Asia. It is the basis for a number of modern currencies, including the U.S. dollar.source
  • 1514Henry Grace à Dieu, at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, built at the new Woolwich Dockyard in England, is dedicated.source
  • 1515Battle of Turnadag: The army of Ottoman sultan Selim I defeats the beylik of Dulkadir under Bozkurt of Dulkadir.source
  • 1525Martin Luther marries ex-nun Katharina von Bora. The painter Lucas Cranach the Elder is one of the witnesses.source
  • 1541The Parliament of Ireland is opened by King Henry VIII for a session that will last for two years.source
  • 1545Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez sets out to navigate the northern coast of New Guinea.source
  • 1547A peace treaty is signed between representatives of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Ottoman Empire and France after the Holy Roman Empire's defeat at the 1543 Siege of Nice.source
  • 1557An English force commanded by Sir John Clere is defeated at Kirkwall with many casualties.source
  • 1558An armada of ships from the Ottoman Empire, dispatched by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent at the request of King Henry II of France, sails into the Bay of Naples at Italy and attacks the city of Sorrento.source
  • 1568Thomas Lancaster is consecrated as the Archbishop of Armagh, spiritual leader of the Church of Ireland, succeeding Archbishop Adam Loftus.source
  • 1576Dutch forces withdraw to free Zierikzee, and the city is left to defend itself. The defenders then attempt negotiations with the Spanish attackers, commanded by General Cristóbal de Mondragón.source
  • 1577Mirza Salman Jaberi is appointed as the new Grand Vizier of Persia by Shah Ismail II, replacing Mirza Shokrollah Isfahani.source
  • 1597The Staten-Generaal of the Dutch Republic approves a proposal for the Generaliteitscollege, a common board for the Republic's five separate navies, the Admiralty of Amsterdam, the Admiralty of Rotterdam, the Admiralty of Zeeland, the Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier and the Admiralty of Friesland.source
  • 1600Barrister Nicholas Fuller is granted the exclusive right in England to manufacture playing cards.source
  • 1611The Siege of Smolensk in Russia by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth succeeds after nearly two years of fighting that started on 29 September 1609. The conquest of the city is made possible by the discovery of a weakness in the walls of the fortress and the detonating of an explosive in a drainage canal.source
  • 1612Archduke Matthias of Austria is formally elected as the new Holy Roman Emperor.source
  • 1625King Charles I of England marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury.source
  • 1640The eruption of the Hokkaido Koma-ga-take (Mount Komagatake) volcano takes place in Japan. Although the eruption causes few direct injuries, the heavy ashfall poisons local crops and causes the Kan'ei Great Famine that causes more than 50,000 deaths from starvation.source
  • 1652George Fox preaches to a large crowd on Firbank Fell in England, leading to the establishment of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).source
  • 1652George Fox preaches to a large crowd on Firbank Fell in Westmorland, leading to the establishment of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).source
  • 1653First Anglo-Dutch War: The English navy defeats the Dutch fleet in the Battle of the Gabbard after a two-day fight.source
  • 1655Adriana Nooseman-van de Bergh becomes the first actress, in Amsterdam theater.source
  • 1665June 13 (June 3 O.S.) – Second Anglo-Dutch War – Battle of Lowestoft: The English Navy, under James Stuart, Duke of York, is victorious against the Dutch.source
  • 1692June 13–14 (June 3–4 O.S.) – Nine Years' War: Battle of La Hogue – The action begun at Barfleur ends with further destruction of the French fleet.source
  • 1692The first known recipe for Bløtkake is written down.source
  • 1704Battle of Koroncó: Austrians and their allies from Denmark, Prussia, Croatia, Germany and Vojvodina defeat the Kurucs.source
  • 1707On Francis II Rákóczi's recommendation, and with Count Miklos Bercsényi's support, a meeting of the Hungarian independence activists, held at the village of Ónod declares the deposing of the House of Habsburg (and Joseph I, King of Hungary) from the Hungarian throne.source
  • 1739(June 2 Old Style); The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is founded in Stockholm, Sweden.source
  • 1744Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin is named as the new Chancellor of the Russian Empire by the Empress Elizabeth.source
  • 1752The Treaty of Logstown is signed by representatives of the Iroquois Confederation, Lenape and Shawnee leaders, and commissioners from Virginia, headed by Joshua Fry. Christopher Gist and William Trent represent the Ohio Company. The treaty grants control over lands south and east of the Ohio River to the English, along with permission to build a fort on the site of what is now Pittsburgh.source
  • 1766two soldiers and a civilian found guilty in Aberdeen of theft during an earlier meal riot in Banff are rescued from custody by a mob.source
  • 1777American Revolution: The Marquis de Lafayette lands near Georgetown, South Carolina, to help the Continental Congress train its army.source
  • 1792Prussia declares war against France.source
  • 1792Vancouver becomes the first European to enter Burrard Inlet.source
  • 1798Mission San Luis Rey de Francia is founded in California.source
  • 1799Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies is restored to his kingdom following the collapse of the Parthenopean Republic.source
  • 1799Colliers Act ("An Act to explain and amend the Laws relative to Colliers in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland") frees coal miners from bondage to their employers, the last vestige of serfdom in Scotland.source
  • 1805Lewis and Clark Expedition in the United States: Scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River, confirming they are heading in the right direction.source
  • 1819Highland Clearances: Strathnaver clearances resume on the estates of the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, enforced by factor Patrick Sellar with burning of crofts.source
  • 1822William Lloyd climbs Boorendo in the Himalayas.source
  • 1837Parliamentary electionssource
  • 1840June 12–23 – The World Anti-Slavery Convention is organised by the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, at Exeter Hall in London, England. Arguments over the exclusion of women from the convention have important ramifications for the movement for women's suffrage in the United States.source
  • 1842Queen Victoria becomes the first reigning British monarch to travel by train, on the Great Western Railway between Slough and London Paddington station.source
  • 1842Queen Victoria makes the first train journey by a reigning British monarch, on the Great Western Railway (Slough to Paddington).source
  • 1842The half farthing coin is made legal tender in the U.K.source
  • 1854Partial legislative elections of 1854source
  • 1856Taiping Rebellion: Shi Dakai arrives at Nanjing.source
  • 1858June 13–17 – The Treaty of Tientsin is signed, ending the first part of the Second Opium War.source
  • 1863Samuel Butler's dystopian article "Darwin among the Machines" is published (under the pen name Cellarius) in The Press newspaper in Christchurch, New Zealand; it will be incorporated into his novel Erewhon (1872).source
  • 1876Partial legislative electionsource
  • 1878July 13 – The Congress of Berlin convenes to discuss the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1883Count Arvid Posse leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden. He is succeeded by Carl Johan Thyselius, the first non-aristocrat (Swedish; "ofrälse") to serve as Swedish head of government, and Prime Minister.source
  • 1884LaMarcus Adna Thompson opens the "Gravity Pleasure Switchback Railway" at Coney Island, New York City.source
  • 1886A large log jam forms on the St. Croix River near Taylors Falls, Minnesotasource
  • 1886The Great Vancouver Fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia.source
  • 1886Great Vancouver Firesource
  • 1891The first official train arrives at Bartolomeu railway station, the station having been inaugurated on 6 June.source
  • 1898Yukon Territory is formed in Canada, with Dawson chosen as its capital.source
  • 1902Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, predecessor of global consumer goods brand 3M, begins trading as a mining venture at Two Harbors in the United States.source
  • 1903Prime Minister Giuseppe Zanardelli resigns after losing a vote in the Italian Chamber of Deputies. However, after several attempts the Cabinet is reconstructed. The Interior Minister Giovanni Giolitti resigns and is replaced.source
  • 1911Igor Stravinsky's ballet Petrushka is premiered by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in Paris with Vaslav Nijinsky in the lead.source
  • 1913The predecessor of the Aldi store chain opens in Essen, Germany.source
  • 1914June 12–18 – Greek genocide: Ottoman Greeks in Phocaea are massacred by Turkish irregular troops.source
  • 1917Phillips Petroleum Company incorporated in Oklahoma.source
  • 1920The United States Post Office Department rules that children may not be sent via parcel post.source
  • 1924June 7–16 – Rudolf Steiner delivers his Agriculture Course at Koberwitz beginning of the organic agriculture movement.source
  • 1925American engineer Charles Francis Jenkins achieves the first synchronized transmission of pictures and sound, using 48 lines and a mechanical system in "the first public demonstration of radiovision".source
  • 1927Léon Daudet, the leader of the French monarchists, is arrested in France.source
  • 1935James J. Braddock defeats Max Baer at Madison Square Garden Bowl, to win the heavyweight boxing championship of the world.source
  • 1941TASS, the official Soviet news agency, denies reports of tension between Germany and the Soviet Union.source
  • 1942June 12–15 – WWII: Operation Harpoon – An Allied convoy under Admiral Alban Curteis leaves from Gibraltar with 6 merchant ships escorted by the British battleship HMS Malaya, aircraft carriers HMS Argus and HMS Eagle, 4 cruisers and 17 destroyers to Malta. Two of the six merchant ships completes the journey, at the cost of several Allied warships.source
  • 1942The United States opens its Office of War Information, a propaganda center.source
  • 1942German scientists under Ernst Steinhoff at Peenemünde Army Research Center test a 12-ton rocket (known later as the V-2 rocket) with a one-ton warhead.source
  • 1946Umberto II of Italy leaves the country and goes into exile in Portugal; Alcide De Gasperi becomes head of state.source
  • 1947June 11–15 – The first Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod is held in Wales.source
  • 1950The three North Korean "peace representatives", who had crossed into South Korea on Saturday, were arrested.source
  • 1952Polttoainehankinta, a secret Finnish Defence Forces operations order is approved.source
  • 1952"Catalina affair": Soviet MiG-15 fighter planes shoot down a Swedish military Douglas C-47 Skytrain, carrying out signals intelligence gathering operations over the Baltic Sea, killing all 8 crew; three days later they shoot down a Catalina flying boat, searching for possible survivors.source
  • 1952Catalina affair: Two Swedish aircraft are shot down by Soviet fighter jets over the Baltic.source
  • 1953Hungarian Prime Minister Mátyás Rákosi is replaced by Imre Nagy.source
  • 1955Mir mine, the first diamond mine in the Soviet Union, is discovered.source
  • 1956in an interview to Nuovi Argomenti, Palmiro Togliatti comments the publication of Khruschev's secret speech; the PCI secretary criticize the cult of personality but expresses several doubts about the de-Stalinization politicy.source
  • 1956The International Criminal Police Organization adopts Interpol as its official name.source
  • 1956Real Madrid beats Stade Reims 4–3 at Parc des Princes, Paris and wins the 1955–56 European Cup (football).source
  • 1961The NCC study of Ottawa's new Green Belt is completedsource
  • 1963The New York Commodity Exchange begins trading silver futures contracts.source
  • 1963The cancellation of Mercury-Atlas 10 effectively ends the United States' crewed spaceflight Project Mercury.source
  • 1966Miranda v. Arizona: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that the police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning them.source
  • 1967Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall is nominated as the first African American justice of the United States Supreme Court.source
  • 1971Vietnam War: The New York Times begins to publish the Pentagon Papers.source
  • 1971Racing drivers Gijs van Lennep of the Netherlands and Helmut Marko of Austria win the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the Martini Racing Porsche 917K.source
  • 1972June 5–16 – The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment is held in Stockholm, Swedensource
  • 1974The 1974 FIFA World Cup Association football tournament began in West Germany.source
  • 1976Savage thunderstorms roll through the state of Iowa, spawning several tornadoes, including an F-5 tornado that destroys the town of Jordan.source
  • 1977The first double-decker bus is launched on service 86 by Singapore Bus Service (now SBS Transit).source
  • 1979June 9–23 – The 1979 Cricket World Cup is held in England with West Indies defeating England in the final.source
  • 1979The 1979 NHL Expansion Draft takes place, restocking the franchises from Edmonton, Hartford, Quebec, and Winnipeg, which are being admitted from the WHA as expansion teams.source
  • 1980U.N. Security Council Resolution 472 was adopted and noted that, due to the existing circumstances, the presence of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would continue to be essential for a peaceful settlement.source
  • 1981At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, teenager Marcus Sarjeant fires 6 blank shots close to Queen Elizabeth II, startling her horse.source
  • 1982Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid.source
  • 1982The 1982 FIFA World Cup in Association football begins in Spain.source
  • 1983The first worldwide mobile telephone, the Motorola DynaTAC, enters the market.source
  • 1983Pioneer 10 passes the orbit of Neptune, becoming the first human-made object to leave the vicinity of the major planets of the Solar System.source
  • 1986U.N. Security Council resolution 585 was adopted unanimously and noted that, due to the existing circumstances, the presence of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) would continue to be essential for a peaceful settlement.source
  • 1987At the Paris Air Show, Boeing announces the sale of their 1,842nd Boeing 737, making the 737 the best-selling airliner of all time.source
  • 1988June 10–14 – Spontaneous 100,000 strong mass night-singing demonstrations in Estonian SSR eventually give name to the Singing Revolution.source
  • 1990Cold War: The destruction of the Berlin Wall by East Germany officially starts, 7 months after it was opened the previous November.source
  • 1992June 3–14 – The Earth Summit is held in Rio de Janeiro.source
  • 1994México, Colombia, and Venezuela sign the G3 Free Trade Agreement.source
  • 1995French President Jacques Chirac announces the resumption of nuclear tests in French Polynesia.source
  • 1997A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to death for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.source
  • 2000June 13 to June 15: 2000 inter-Korean summit in Pyongyangsource
  • 2002The United States withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with Russia.source
  • 2002Afghanistan changes its official longform name to the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan.source
  • 2007June 10–15 – Fatah-Hamas conflict: The Battle of Gaza is fought between Fatah and Hamas, and ends with Hamas gaining control of the Gaza Strip.source
  • 2008June 10 – 13 – The Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict occurred between the forces of the country and Djibouti.source
  • 2008Muammar Gaddafi, then-Head of State of Libya, begins 3-day visit to Togosource
  • 2009Mass protests erupt across Iran following a disputed presidential election in which Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was reelected president, the largest demonstrations in the country since the Iranian Revolution.source
  • 2010June 10–14 – Ethnic riots in Kyrgyzstan between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks result in the deaths of hundreds.source
  • 2014The Los Angeles Kings defeat the New York Rangers 3–2 in game 5 of the 2014 Stanley Cup Final to win the series 4–1 and win their second Stanley Cup in franchise history.source
  • 2014War against the Islamic State begins.source
  • 2014The city council of Pello offers 50 euro to each Finnish speaking taxpayer who changes language to Swedish in order to secure the bilingual Finnish-Swedish regime.source
  • 2018FIFA awards hosting rights for the 2026 World Cup to a joint bid from Canada, Mexico and the United States.source
  • 2019The Supreme Court of Ecuador votes to legalize same-sex marriagesource
  • 2021Benjamin Netanyahu, the longest-serving prime minister of Israel, is voted out of office; Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid are sworn in as Prime Minister of Israel and as Alternate Prime Minister of Israel, respectively.source
  • 2021June 11–June 13 – World leaders meet at the 47th G7 summit, hosted by the United Kingdom, with topics of discussion including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and the corporate taxation of multinationals.source
  • 2021July 10 – The 2021 Copa América, hosted behind closed doors by Brazil, is held, and is won by Argentina.source
  • 2024PayChangu is granted a payment service provider license by the Reserve Bank of Malawi, allowing it to operate as a regulated digital payment platform.source
  • 2025Iran–Israel war: Israel conducts air strikes against Iran's nuclear facilities, killing military commanders including Hossein Salami; Iran retaliates.source

Births

  • 40Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman governor (died AD 93)source
  • 823Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (died 877)source
  • 1367King Taejong of Joseon, Korean king (died 1422)source
  • 1430Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu, Portuguese infante (died 1506)source
  • 1434Cristoforo della Rovere, Roman Catholic cardinal (died 1478)source
  • 1500Ernest of Bavaria, pledge lord of the County of Glatz (died 1560)source
  • 1508Alessandro Piccolomini, Italian humanist and philosopher from Siena (died 1579)source
  • 1539Jost Amman, Swiss printmaker (died 1591)source
  • 1546Tobias Matthew, English Archbishop of York (died 1628)source
  • 1555Giovanni Antonio Magini, Italian mathematician, cartographer and astronomer (died 1617)source
  • 1556Pomponio Nenna, Italian composer (died 1608)source
  • 1595Jan Marek Marci, Bohemian physician and scientist (died 1667)source
  • 1617Sir Vincent Corbet, 1st Baronet, English politician (died 1656)source
  • 1642Queen Myeongseong, Korean royal consort (died 1684)source
  • 1687Paolo Rolli, Italian Rococo librettist, poet and translator (died 1765)source
  • 1752Fanny Burney, English novelist, diarist (died 1840)source
  • 1773Thomas Young, English scientist (died 1829)source
  • 1786Winfield Scott, American general, presidential candidate (died 1866)source
  • 1786Winfield Scott, general, presidential candidate (died 1866)source
  • 1790José Antonio Páez, 19th President of Venezuela (died 1873)source
  • 1808Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta, French general and politician, first president of the Third Republic (1875–1879) (died 1893)source
  • 1817Antonio Varas (died 1886)source
  • 1827Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer, businessman (died 1882)source
  • 1831James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (died 1879)source
  • 1846Rose Cleveland, de facto First Lady of the United States (died 1918)source
  • 1865W. B. Yeats, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1939)source
  • 1879Lois Weber, American film director, screenwriter (died 1939)source
  • 1888Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese writer (died 1935)source
  • 1893Dorothy L. Sayers, British crime writer, poet, playwright and essayist (died 1957)source
  • 1897Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (died 1973)source
  • 1901Tage Erlander, Swedish politician, 25th prime minister of Sweden (died 1985)source
  • 1935Chai Trong-rong, member of Legislative Yuan (1993–1996, 1997–2012)source
  • 1944Ban Ki-moon, South Korean politician and 8th Secretary-General of the United Nationssource

Deaths

  • 323 BCEAlexander the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian Empire died in Babylon (born 356 BC)source
  • 220Xiahou Dun, Chinese general serving under the Eastern Han dynasty warlord Cao Caosource
  • 233Cao Rui, Chinese imperial prince of the Cao Wei statesource
  • 976Mansur I, emir of the Samanid Empiresource
  • 995Fujiwara no Michikane, Japanese nobleman (born 961)source
  • 1036Caliph al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah dies after a 16-year reign. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old son al-Mustansir as ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate. Vizier Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i will guide the regency for the first few years.source
  • 1036al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah, Fatimid caliph (born 1005)source
  • 1193Pedro de Artajona, Spanish nobleman and bishopsource
  • 1207Xie, Chinese empress consort (born 1135)source
  • 1231Anthony of Padua, Portuguese priest (born 1195)source
  • 1273Hōjō Masamura, Japanese nobleman (born 1205)source
  • 1290Shamsuddin Kayumars, Mamluk ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, is murdered and succeeded by Jalal-ud-din Khalji (or Firuz Shah I), founder of the Khalji dynasty, ending Mamluk rule and instigating the Khalji Revolution.source
  • 1348Don Juan Manuel, prince of Villena, Spanish writer (born 1282)source
  • 1432Uko Fockena, East Frisian chieftain (born c. 1408)source
  • 1452Jean d'Harcourt, Roman Catholic priest and bishop.source
  • 1475Joan of Portugal, Queen of Castile (born 1439)source
  • 1483William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (executed; b. 1431)source
  • 1483William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, is executed, in the first recorded execution at the Tower of London.source
  • 1515Alaüddevle Bozkurt, Bey of Anatolian Dulkadirsource
  • 1522Piero Soderini, Florentine statesman (born 1450)source
  • 1636George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish politician (born 1562)source
  • 1645Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese swordsman (born c. 1584)source
  • 1704Arthur Rose, prelate (born 1634)source
  • 1762Dorothea Erxleben, German physician (born 1715)source
  • 1846Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès, French geographer, author and translator (born 1767)source
  • 1886King Ludwig II of Bavaria (born 1845)source
  • 1905Theodoros Deligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece, is assassinated.source
  • 1918Grand Duke Michael Romanov (assassinated) (born 1878)source
  • 1920Essad Pasha Toptani, nominal ruler of Albania, is assassinated by Avni Rustemi in Paris.source
  • 1946Charles Marx dies in a car crash. He was replaced in the government by Dominique Urbany eight days later.source
  • 1951Ben Chifley, Australian politician, 16th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1885)source
  • 2006Charles Haughey, 80, Irish politician, Taoiseach (1979–1981, 1982, 1987–1992), prostate cancer.source
  • 2009Mitsuharu Misawa, 46, Japanese professional wrestler (AJPW), spinal cord injury.source
  • 2023At least 106 people are killed when a wedding boat capsizes on the Niger River in Kwara State, Nigeria.source