1234 CE

Battle of the Curragh in County Kildare: forces loyal to King Henry III of England defeat those led by Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke and Lord of Leinster who later dies from wounds received. Pope Gregory IX proclaims war on the city of Rome after a local revolt forces him into exile. He issues the papal bull Rachel suum videns, calling for a new crusade to the Holy Land. Lund Cathedral in Sweden is heavily damaged in a catastrophic fire. Large donations are made to the church, to rebuild the cathedral.

In the 1230s, the 13th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • The Manden region rises against the Kaniaga Kingdom. This is the beginning of a process that will lead to the rise of the Mali Empire.source
  • King Andrew II of Hungary proclaims his son, Coloman of Galicia, as ruler (or ban) of Bosnia, who passes it on to Prijezda, a cousin of Matej Ninoslav, despite Matej being the legitimate ruler.source

Conflict & Security

  • Reconquista – King Sancho II of Portugal conquers the cities of Aljustrel and Mértola from the Moors.source

Religion & Belief

  • July 3 – Saint Dominic is canonized by Pope Gregory IX.source
  • November – Pope Gregory IX proclaims war on the city of Rome after a local revolt forces him into exile. He issues the papal bull Rachel suum videns, calling for a new crusade to the Holy Land.source
  • Lund Cathedral in Sweden is heavily damaged in a catastrophic fire. Large donations are made to the church, to rebuild the cathedral.source

Births

  • February 27 – Abaqa Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (died 1282)source
  • Christina of Norway, Infanta of Castile, princess (died 1262)source
  • Conrad of Ascoli, Italian friar and missionary (died 1289)source
  • Margaret of Holland, Dutch noblewoman (died 1276)source
  • Ippen (or Zuien), Japanese Buddhist monk (died 1289)source
  • Manuel of Castile, Spanish prince (infante) (died 1283)source
  • Ou Shizi, Chinese Confucian scholar (died 1324)source
  • Kaliman I, emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria (died 1246)source

Deaths

  • January 7 – Robert of Auvergne, bishop of Clermontsource
  • February 9 – Mo of Jin (or Hudun), Chinese emperorsource
  • February 9 – Aizong of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 1198)source
  • 1 April – Battle of the Curragh in County Kildare: forces loyal to King Henry III of England defeat those led by Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke and Lord of Leinster who later dies from wounds received.Irelandsource
  • April 7 – Sancho VII ("the Strong"), king of Navarresource
  • April 16 – Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English nobleman (born 1191)source
  • 16 April – Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (born 1191).Irelandsource
  • May 7 – Otto I, Duke of Merania, German nobleman and knight (born 1180)source
  • June 18 – Chūkyō, emperor (tennō) of Japan (born 1218)source
  • July 29 – William Pinchon, French prelate and bishopsource
  • August 7 – Hugh Foliot, bishop of Hereford (born 1155)source
  • August 31 – Go-Horikawa, emperor of Japan (born 1212)source
  • September 6 – Milo of Nanteuil, bishop of Beauvaissource
  • November 8 – Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad, Arab historian (born 1145)source
  • King Canute II of Sweden ("the Tall") dies after a five-year reign, perhaps of natural causes. His rival, Eric XI ("the Lisp and Lame"), returns as ruler of Sweden (possibly after a civil war between the two of them).source
  • Alan of Galloway, Scottish noblemansource