/year

July 3 in history

177 sourced entries recorded on July 3, from 69 CE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 69The army of Judea swears allegiance to Vespasian as emperor.source
  • 324Battle of Adrianople: Emperor Constantine the Great defeats his rival Licinius near Adrianople, forcing him to retreat to Byzantium. Constantine then invades Thrace with a Visigothic force and raids the countryside.source
  • 458Gennadius I becomes patriarch of Constantinople.source
  • 1187July 2–3 – Saladin besieges Tiberias. The defenders, and Countess Eschiva II (wife of Raymond III) retreat to the citadel and sends messengers urging Guy of Lusignan to send help. Meanwhile, Guy and Raymond hold a war council to debate what should be done. Persuaded by Gerard de Ridefort and Raynald of Châtillon, Guy orders to march to the rescue of Tiberias.source
  • 1191The Crusaders change their strategy from battering the Acre fortifications to exploiting the breaches. After only the first day of these all-out attacks to seize the city, Saladin's governor sends a message stating he would surrender unless he is relieved. Both French sappers and English catapults manage to make significant breaches in the walls – but the assault is repulsed. Meanwhile, Richard I, still unable to walk due to illness, is carried on a regal stretcher near the front lines from where he picks off Muslim troops on the walls using his crossbow.source
  • 1194Battle of Fréteval: English forces under Richard I defeat Philip II, and capture the French baggage train. It contains the royal archives – including a list of the treasure of the French kingdom (transported in a wagon behind the army). Philip withdraws across the River Epte, where the bridge collapses under the weight of the retreating army. Meanwhile, Richard sacks the town of Évreux, which is a possession of Philip's ally, John.source
  • 1234Saint Dominic is canonized by Pope Gregory IX.source
  • 1281Treaty of Orvieto: Charles I, Giovanni Dandolo, doge of Venice, and Philip I, Latin emperor, make an agreement to recover the Latin Empire. The treaty is signed in the Papal Palace, which Martin IV has moved to Orvieto after Viterbo is placed under an interdict for imprisoning two cardinals.source
  • 1309Portugal joins forces with the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon in their attack on Gibraltar.source
  • 1315King Louis X abolishes serfdom in the Kingdom of France.source
  • 1346The English fleet attempts to sail from Portsmouth to Normandy, but is forced back by contrary winds.source
  • 1375The fortress of St. Sauveur le Viconte surrenders to a French fleet commanded by Jean de Vienne after a siege of more than six months.source
  • 1419The Ōei Invasion ends as the Korean soldiers withdraw from Tsushima and reassemble at Geoje Island.source
  • 1428The Treaty of Delft is signed by the Countess Jacqueline of Holland as a surrender to Philip, Duke of Burgundy to end the siege of Gouda by the Cod Forces against Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut during the Hook and Cod Wars. Under the pact, Jacqueline retains her title and nominal powers, but Philip administers the government and the right to inherit control.source
  • 1449King James II of Scotland marries Mary of Guelders at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh.source
  • 1472The Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Saint Peter in York, England, commonly known as York Minster, is declared complete and consecrated.source
  • 1495At the Battle of Deal, Perkin Warbeck's troops land in Kent, in support of his claim to the English crown, backed by Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy. They are routed before Warbeck himself can disembark, and he retreats to Ireland and then to Scotland.source
  • 1504The siege of Cochin in India by the invading forces of Calicut ends as the Portuguese and Cochin defenders defeat the invaders. Calicut loses 5,000 dead in battle and another 13,000 to disease, while Cochin and Portugal sustain minimal losses.source
  • 1507Ferdinand II and Louis XII complete their six-day summit at Savona.source
  • 1507King Ferdinand II of Aragon and King Louis XII of France complete their six-day summit at Savona.source
  • 1528Pope Clement VII issues the bull Religionis zelus, recognizing the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum), commonly known as the Capuchin monks, as a reformist branch of the Franciscans order of Roman Catholicism.source
  • 1535Diego de Almagro leaves the recently conquered Inca capital of Cuzco to lead an expedition to Chile.source
  • 1557The small Stato dei Presidi, a 300 km² section of Spanish territory on the Tuscan coast of Italy, is created by a treaty between Cosimo I de' Medici (Duke of the Florentine Republic and the future Grand Duke of Tuscany) and King Felipe II of Spain. In return, Cosimo receives the rest of the former Republic of Siena.source
  • 1570The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus begins as more than 350 Ottoman ships and over 60,000 troops land near Larnaca and then march toward the Cypriot capital, Nicosia.source
  • 1584The Siege of Antwerp by the Spanish Army begins and lasts for 13 months until Antwerp's surrender on August 17, 1585.source
  • 1594The Ayutthayan–Cambodian War (1591–1594) concludes when Naresuan, ruler of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, sacks Longvek, capital of Cambodia.source
  • 1606The Russian Orthodox bishop Hermogenes is installed as the new Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, replacing Ignatius.source
  • 1608The settlement of Quebec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.source
  • 1618Alonso Fajardo de Entenza becomes the new Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines.source
  • 1620Under the terms of the Treaty of Ulm, the Protestant Union declares neutrality and ceases to support Frederick V of the Palatinate's claim to the throne of Bohemia.source
  • 1620Captain Andrew Shilling, on behalf of the English Honourable East India Company, lays claim to Table Bay in Africa.source
  • 1642The French Navy wins the Battle of Barcelona.source
  • 1673Elkanah Settle's play The Empress of Morocco first publicly performed at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London by the Duke's Company and published with illustrations.source
  • 1720The Treaty of Frederiksborg is signed at Frederiksborg Castle, ending the Great Northern War.source
  • 1743As a concession to Russia, Sweden's parliament ratifies the election of Adolphus Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, a great-grandson of King Charles XI, to be heir to the throne of Sweden. Adolphus becomes king on the death of King Frederick on April 5, 1751, marking the end of the Hesse-Kassel dynasty and the start of the dynasty of the Holstein-Gottorp that will rule Sweden from 1751 to 1818source
  • 1746Father Joachim Royo, the last of the five Spanish Catholic missionaries to Fuzhou in China, is captured by Chinese authorities, after having spent three decades defying orders to not evangelize.source
  • 1754French and Indian War – Battle of Fort Necessity: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French Capt. Louis Coulon de Villiers, the only surrender in Washington's military career.source
  • 1754French and Indian War: Battle of Fort Necessity – George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French Capt. Louis Coulon de Villiers.source
  • 1760A lightning strike causes a major fire at Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in England.source
  • 1760a lightning strike causes a major fire at Portsmouth Royal Dockyard; substantial rebuilding follows.source
  • 1767Pitcairn Island in the Pacific Ocean is sighted from HMS Swallow, by 15-year-old Midshipman Robert Pitcairn, on a British Royal Navy expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret, the first definite European sighting.source
  • 1767Pitcairn Island in the Pacific Ocean is sighted from HMS Swallow (1766) by 15-year-old Midshipman Robert Pitcairn on a Royal Navy expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret, the first definite European sighting.source
  • 1767Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is first published.source
  • 1767Norway's oldest newspaper, still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded (first edition published this date).source
  • 1768July 1–3 – Louis Antoine de Bougainville, on his circumnavigation westbound, sails through the Bougainville Strait and along the north shore of Bougainville Island in the Solomons.source
  • 1769Richard Arkwright patents a spinning frame in England, able to spin threads mechanically.source
  • 1769Richard Arkwright patents a spinning frame able to weave fabric mechanically.source
  • 1775American Revolution: George Washington takes command of the 17,000-man Continental Army at Cambridge.source
  • 1778American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Wyoming takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, ending in a terrible defeat for the local colonists.source
  • 1778American Revolutionary War: the Wyoming Valley battle and massacre takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, ending in a defeat of the local colonists.source
  • 1778American Revolutionary War: the Battle of Wyoming, also known as the Wyoming Massacre, takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, ending in a terrible defeat for the Americans.source
  • 1797Following Aboriginal attacks on farms in the Hawkesbury region, Hunter dispatches a party of soldiers from the New South Wales Corps to protect settlers there.source
  • 1818English poet Lord Byron, resident in Italy, begins work on his satirical epic Don Juan. Although he completes the first canto by September 19, he will die in 1824 before he can finish the poem, after completing 16 cantos and working on the 17th.source
  • 1822July 1–3 – U.S. House of Representatives elections begin in Louisiana and continue until the last elections are held in North Carolina on August 14, 1823.source
  • 1822Charles Babbage publishes a proposal for a difference engine, a forerunner of the modern computer, for calculating logarithms and trigonometric functions. Construction of an operational version will proceed under British Government sponsorship (1823–1832), but it will never be completed.source
  • 1822Charles Babbage publishes a proposal for a "difference engine", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer for calculating logarithms and trigonometric functions. Construction of an operational version will proceed under Government sponsorship 1823–32 but it will never be completed.source
  • 1844The United States signs the Treaty of Wanghia with the Qing Empire. The treaty establishes five U.S. treaty ports in China with extraterritoriality and is the first unequal treaty that the United States imposes on the dynasty.source
  • 1844Treaty of Wanghia signed by the Great Qing Empire and the United States at the Kun Iam Temple in Macau, Portuguese Macausource
  • 1844The last great auk is reported to have been killed on Eldey.source
  • 1853Johan Gørbitz, painter (born 1782)source
  • 1863July 1–3 – Battle of Gettysburg – Union forces under George G. Meade turn back a Confederate invasion by Robert E. Lee in the largest battle of the war (28,000 Confederate casualties, 23,000 Union).source
  • 1866Battle of Königgrätz: the Prussian army under King Wilhelm and Helmuth von Moltke defeats the Austrian army of Ludwig von Benedek, leading to a decisive Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War.source
  • 1875July 1–7 – Third Carlist War: Battle of Treviño – Advancing on the key city of Vitoria, in Navarre, Spanish Republican commander General Jenardo de Quesada sends General Tello to attack the Carlist lines just to the southwest, at Treviño. The newly appointed Carlist commander General José Pérula is heavily defeated and withdraws, and soon afterwards Quesada enters Vitoria in triumph.source
  • 1883The SS Daphne sinks on launch in Glasgow, Scotland, leaving 124 dead.source
  • 1883SS Daphne sinks on launch at Alexander Stephen and Sons' Linthouse shipyard, leaving 124 dead.source
  • 1883SS Daphne sinks on launch in Glasgow, leaving 124 dead.source
  • 1884The Dow Jones Transportation Average, consisting of eleven transportation-related companies (nine railroads and two non-rail companies, Western Union and Pacific Mail), is created in the United States. The index is the oldest stock index to remain in use.source
  • 1886Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent Motorwagen.source
  • 1889FN Herstal arms manufactory foundedsource
  • 1890Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state.source
  • 1891The vessel Maipo arrived in Iquique with arms and munitions for the Congressionalist Juntasource
  • 1894June 28 – July 9 – Colonial Conference of 1894 held in Ottawa.source
  • 1898Spanish–American War: Battle of Santiago de Cuba – The United States Navy destroys the Spanish Navy's Caribbean Squadron.source
  • 1898Spanish–American War: Battle of Santiago de Cubasource
  • 1898American adventurer Joshua Slocum completes a 3-year solo circumnavigation of the world.source
  • 1899Swiss-born American boxer Frank Erne wins the world lightweight championship by defeating champion George "Kid" Lavigne in Buffalo, New York.source
  • 1908Young Turk Revolution in the Ottoman Empire: Major Ahmed Niyazi, with 200 followers (Ottoman troops and civilians), begins an open revolution by defecting from the 3rd Army Corps in Macedonia, decamping into the hill country.source
  • 1915June 23 – July 7 – The First Battle of the Isonzo between the Armies of Italy and Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front in World War I. The aim of the Italian Army, under the command of Luigi Cadorna, was to drive the Austrians away from its defensive positions along the Soča (Isonzo) and on the nearby mountains.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – At least one shark mauls five swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline during the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, resulting in four deaths and the survival of one youth who required limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1918Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War: The Siberian Intervention is launched by the Allies, to extract the Czechoslovak Legion from the Russian Civil War.source
  • 1919Estonian and Latvian Wars of Independence: The pro-German Baltische Landeswehr signs a peace treaty with Estonia and Latvia. The pro-German Prime Minister of Latvia Andrievs Niedra resigns, and Latvian forces take over Riga on July 8.source
  • 1919July 2–6 – British airship R34 makes the first transatlantic flight by dirigible, and the first westbound flight, from RAF East Fortune, Scotland, to Mineola, New York.source
  • 1924The Minister for Education, Eoin MacNeill, announced that the teaching of Irish was to be made compulsory in all schools.source
  • 1924The Chateau Lake Louise burns downsource
  • 1926A Caudron C.61 aircraft, operated by Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne, crashes in Czechoslovakia.source
  • 1928Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrates the world's first colour television transmission in Glasgow.source
  • 1930July 3–10 – The First Eastern Women's Congress takes place in Damascus in Syria.source
  • 1934The Bank of Canada is formedsource
  • 1938The last reunion of the Blue and Gray commemorates the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.source
  • 1938The steam locomotive Mallard sets the world speed record for steam, by reaching 125.88 mph on the London and North Eastern Railway.source
  • 1940WWII: Attack on Mers-el-Kébir: British naval units sink or seize ships of the French fleet anchored in the Algerian ports of Mers-el-Kebir and Oran, to prevent them from falling into German hands. The following day, Vichy France breaks off diplomatic relations with Britain.source
  • 1940June 28–July 4 – Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovinasource
  • 1950Ulster Transport Authority closes the Ballycastle Railway and the Ballymena and Larne Railway.source
  • 1950The Singapore Tiger Standard was founded by millionaire Aw Boon Haw.source
  • 1952The SS United States Has Her maiden voyage en route from New York To Southampton And wins the Blue Ribandsource
  • 1953The first ascent of Nanga Parbat in the Pakistan Himalayas, the world's ninth highest mountain, is made by Austrian climber Hermann Buhl alone on a German–Austrian expedition.source
  • 19531953 German–Austrian Nanga Parbat expeditionsource
  • 1960The French Grand Prix is won by Australian Jack Brabham driving a Cooper T53.source
  • 1963New Zealand National Airways Corporation Flight 441 crashes into the Kaimai Ranges, killing all 23 aboard.source
  • 196631 people are arrested when a demonstration by approximately 4,000 anti-Vietnam War protesters in front of the United States Embassy in London in Grosvenor Square turns violent.source
  • 1973Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE).source
  • 1976Gregg v. Georgia: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that the death penalty is not inherently cruel or unusual and is a constitutionally acceptable form of punishment overturning the Furman v. Georgia case of 1972.source
  • 1976The great heat wave in the United Kingdom, which is currently suffering from drought conditions, reaches its peak.source
  • 1979U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Afghanistan.source
  • 1979A cargo ship named MV Kairali owned by Kerala Shipping Corporation went missing on its journey carrying iron ore from Mormugao to Rostock.source
  • 1981The Toxteth riots in Liverpool, England, start after a mob prevents a youth from being arrested. Shortly afterward, the Chapeltown riots in Leeds start amid increased racial tension.source
  • 1985Thousands of Loyalists demonstrate against a proposed Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) decision to re-route a church parade away from the 'Tunnel' (the Catholic Obins Street) area of Portadown.source
  • 1986The Emir dissolves the National Assembly and suspended several articles of the constitution to rule by decree, citing a foreign conspiracy.source
  • 1987Richard Branson and Per Lindstrand become the first people to complete a transatlantic flight in a hot air balloon aboard the balloon Virgin Atlantic Flyer, first touching down in Northern Ireland.source
  • 1987Greater Manchester Police in England recover the body of 16-year-old Pauline Reade from Saddleworth Moor, after her killers Ian Brady and Myra Hindley help them in their search, almost exactly 24 years since Pauline was last seen alive.source
  • 1988The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus.source
  • 1988Second bridge over the Bosporus opens.source
  • 1988Iran Air Flight 655 is shot down by a missile launched from the USS Vincennes, killing a total of 290 people on board.source
  • 1988Iran Air Flight 655, a civilian airliner was shot down by the USS Vincennes over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 passengers and crew on board.source
  • 1995The Pacific Ocean Games ends in Cali. The 1995 event was the first and last Pacific Ocean Games.source
  • 1996Boris Yeltsin is re-elected as President of Russia after the second round of elections.source
  • 2002NASA launches the CONTOUR satellite but loses contact.source
  • 2009First Swine Flu case was confirmed by a female from Australiasource
  • 2013Amid protests, Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi is deposed in a military coup d'état, leading to widespread violence.source
  • 2013Minister for the Environment René Castro signed a decree making July 4 the National Wild Cat Day (Día Nacional del Felino Silvestre). There are six species of wild cat in Costa Rica: the jaguar, puma, ocelot, margay, jaguarundi, and oncilla.source
  • 2014The government of Tonga reveals a proposal to trade the disputed Minerva Reefs to Fiji in exchange for the Lau Islands, in an effort to settle a decades-old territorial dispute between the two Pacific countries.source
  • 20192019 Tajoura migrant center airstrike: An airstrike by Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army hits the Tajoura Detention Center outside Tripoli, Libya, while hundreds of people are inside the facility, killing at least 53 of them and injuring 130 others.source
  • 2021Over 130 wildfires, fuelled by lightning strikes, burn through Western Canada following a record-breaking heatwave in North America that results in over 600 deaths.source
  • 2023In the largest incursion by Israel into the West Bank since the Second Intifada, the Israeli military deploys ground forces and armed drones into the Jenin camp, killing 13 people and injuring more than 100. An attack claimed by Hamas as retaliation for the incursion, occurs in Tel Aviv the following day, injuring nine.source
  • 2023Indian oil refiners start payments for Russian oil imports in Chinese yuan as an alternative to the US dollar due to increasing sanctions against Russia.source

Births

  • 1423Louis XI, monarch of the House of Valois, King of France from 1461 to 1483 (died 1483)source
  • 1442Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (died 1500)source
  • 1518Li Shizhen, Chinese physician, pharmacologist and mineralogist (died 1593)source
  • 1530Claude Fauchet, French historian (died 1602)source
  • 1534Myeongjong of Joseon, ruler of Korea (died 1567)source
  • 1569Thomas Richardson, English politician and judge (died 1635)source
  • 1576Duchess Anna of Prussia, Electress consort of Brandenburg and Duchess consort of Prussia (died 1625)source
  • 1619Hyojong of Joseon, 17th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1649–1659) (died 1659)source
  • 1676Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian field marshal (died 1747)source
  • 1706Robert Lee, 4th Earl of Lichfield, English politician and peer (died 1776)source
  • 1738John Singleton Copley, American painter (died 1815)source
  • 1746Henry Grattan, Irish politician (died 1820)source
  • 1854Leoš Janáček, Czech composer (died 1928)source
  • 1860Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American feminist (died 1935)source
  • 1870R. B. Bennett, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (died 1947)source
  • 1874R. B. Bennett, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (died 1947)source
  • 1883Franz Kafka, Austrian writer (died 1924)source
  • 1962Tom Cruise, American actor and film producersource
  • 1971Julian Assange, Australian activistsource
  • 1987Sebastian Vettel, German racing driver, 4-time champions in Formula Onesource

Deaths

  • 72Thomas the Apostle, Christian preacher and martyr (according to Roman Catholic tradition)source
  • 458Anatolius, patriarch of Constantinoplesource
  • 710Zhong Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (born 656)source
  • 710Zhong Zong is assassinated, allegedly poisoned by Empress Wei, who fails to install her daughter Li Guo'er as heir to the throne. Princess Taiping and her nephew Li Longji launch a coup, and restore Rui Zong as emperor.source
  • 896Dong Chang, Chinese warlordsource
  • 964Henry I, Frankish nobleman and archbishopsource
  • 987After the last Carolingian king of West Francia, Louis V, had died in May, Hugh Capet is crowned king at Noyon.source
  • 1035Robert I, Duke of Normandy ("the Magnificent"), (born 1000) (approximate date)source
  • 1090Egbert II (or Ekbert), German noblemansource
  • 1118Raymond of Toulouse, French chantersource
  • 1191Albéric Clément, Marshal of France (born 1165)source
  • 1288Stephen de Fulbourn, English archbishop and politiciansource
  • 1430In the Bavarian town of Lindau, 15 Jewish residents are burned at the stake after being accused of murdering a Christian child.source
  • 1582James Crichton, Scottish scholar (born 1560)source
  • 1582James Crichton, polymath (born 1560) (fatally stabbed in Mantua)source
  • 1642Marie de' Medici, French queen consort and regent (born 1573)source
  • 1672Francis Willughby, English biologist (born 1635)source
  • 1704Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent (born 1657)source
  • 1726Galeazzo Marescotti, Italian Catholic cardinal (born 1627)source
  • 1741Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine, Sardinian queen consort (born 1711)source
  • 1778Anna Maria Mozart, Austrian mother to the Mozarts (born 1720)source
  • 1778Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (born 1712)source
  • 1795Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish general and governor of Louisiana (born 1716)source
  • 1849José Homem Correia Teles, judge and politician (born 1780).source
  • 1904Theodor Herzl, Austrian founder of Zionism (born 1860)source
  • 1908Joel Chandler Harris, American author (born 1848)source
  • 1933Hipólito Yrigoyen, 18th President of Argentina (born 1852)source
  • 1970All 112 people on board Dan-Air Flight 1903 are killed when the chartered British De Havilland Comet crashes into mountains north of Barcelona through navigational error.source
  • 1971Jim Morrison, lead singer of The Doors, dies of a heart failure at the age of 27 in the bathtub of his apartment on the 3rd floor of the Rue Beautreillis 17 in Paris, France.source
  • 1971Jim Morrison, American singer (The Doors) (born 1943)source
  • 1994Lew Hoad, 59, Australian tennis player, leukemia.source