/year

July 29 in history

202 sourced entries recorded on July 29, from 451 CE to 2022 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 615Queen Sak Kʼukʼ is succeeded by her son Pacal the Great, as ruler of the Maya city state Palenque (Mexico). He begins a building program at his capital, that produces some of Maya civilization's finest art and architecture.source
  • 904Sack of Thessalonica: A Muslim fleet, led by the Greek renegade Leo of Tripoli, appears outside Thessalonica and begins its attack after a short and silent inspection of the fortification of the city. After attacks from the sea for two days, the Saracens are able to storm the city walls, overcome the Thessalonians' resistance and capture the city. The sacking continues for a full week, before the raiders depart for their base in the Levant. Having freed 4,000 Muslim prisoners and captured 60 ships, gaining a large loot, they carry off 22,000 men and women as slaves.source
  • 923Battle of Fiorenzuola: Lombard forces led by King Rudolph II and Adalbert I, margrave of Ivrea, defeat the deposed Emperor Berengar I at Firenzuola (Tuscany). A pact is reached between Rudolph and Berengar, who abdicates the imperial throne and cedes sovereignty over the rest of Italy.source
  • 1014Battle of Kleidion: Basil II defeats the Bulgarian forces, between the mountains of Belasitsa and Ograzhden, near the town of Kleidon. By order of Basil, almost 15,000 prisoners are blinded; Tsar Samuel survives the battle, but dies of shock. Basil earns the nickname "Bulgar-Slayer".source
  • 1018Battle of Vlaardingen: Henry II sends an army towards Holland to subdue the rebellious Count Dirk III. The Imperial forces are defeated near Vlaardingen.source
  • 1030Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle. He is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').source
  • 1221The 9-year-old Go-Horikawa ascends to the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Kyoto Imperial Palace in Japan. He is a grandson of the late Emperor Takakura and a nephew of the exiled Go-Toba.source
  • 1232King Henry III dismisses his justiciar (chief justice minister) and regent Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, and replaces him with the Frenchmen Peter des Roches and Peter de Rivaux, thereby irritating his barons.source
  • 1313In a complicated marital pact, Catherine of Valois–Courtenay, the Latin Empress of Constantinople, breaks her engagement to Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy, styled the King of Thessalonica in order to marry Philip I, Prince of Taranto, styled the King of Albania and Lord of Achaea. In exchange for Hugh's forbearance, Catherine cedes her lands to Hugh's sister, Joan the Lame, wife of Catherine's half-brother Philip of Valois, and Hugh becomes engaged to Joan of France. On the same day as Philip's marriage to Catherine, former fiancée of Hugh, Hugh's brother Louis of Burgundy marries Matilda of Hainaut (who had broken off her engagement to Philip of Taranto's son Charles of Taranto) and Philip of Taranto cedes the Principality of Achaea to Hugh and Matilda.source
  • 131610th day of 7th month of 5 Shōwa; In Japan, Hōjō Takatoki becomes the 14th regent of the Kamakura shogunate.source
  • 1418The Army of England, led by King Henry V, begins the siege of Rouen, the capital of Normandy in France. The siege lasts almost six months before the Burgundian French defenders surrendersource
  • 1418The English under Henry V commence the siege of Rouen in Normandy.source
  • 1436French forces abandon their Siege of Calais.source
  • 1436French forces abandon their Siege of Calaissource
  • 1448The War in Gotland begins in Scandinavia as an army from Sweden, commanded by Generals Magnus Gren and Birger Trolle, invades the island of Gotland, at the time ruled by Denmark. The invasion is repelled by Erik of Pomerania, ruler of the island and the former King of Sweden and Denmark.source
  • 1456A treaty is signed at Toruń between the Kingdom of Poland and mercenaries led by Oldrzych Czerwonka with Poland purchasing the 21 fortresses of Czerwonka's people in exchange for 463,794 florins (1.62 million grams or 58,000 ounces of gold).source
  • 1482Cem Sultan of the Ottoman Empire flees to the island of Rhodes after having turned down two offers from his half-brother, Sultan Bayezid II, to give up all claims to the Ottoman throne.source
  • 1494Jan V Zatorski, ruler of the Duchy of Zator, sells the Duchy to King Jan I Olbracht of Poland for 80,000 florins, on condition that he retains his title and the right to continue to live in his castle for the rest of his life.source
  • 1511Henry VIII of England's flagship, the Mary Rose, is launched from Portsmouth.source
  • 1523The Republic of Venice and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Treaty of Worms to remove Venice from the Italian War that has gone for two years.source
  • 1525Santa Marta, the first city in Colombia, is founded by Spanish conquistador Rodrigo de Bastidas.source
  • 1526Battle of Melrose fought when Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch attempted to rescue James V from the powerful Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus during a royal progress towards the Scottish Borders. Also known as the battle of Darnick.source
  • 1536The Count's Feud ends when Copenhagen surrenders to King Christian III of Denmark. On August 6 he marches into the city and on August 12 arrests the country's bishops, thus consolidating the Protestant Reformation in Denmark.source
  • 1549Norwich, in Norfolk falls to Kett's rebels.source
  • 1565The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots, marries her half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, in a Catholic ceremony.source
  • 1565Wedding of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh.source
  • 1567James VI is crowned at Stirling.source
  • 1567Coronation of James VI at Stirling, Church of the Holy Rude.source
  • 1572July 29–August 2 – Battle of Molodi: A large Crimean–Ottoman army which invaded Russia is routed.source
  • 1576The Siege of Zierikzee in the Netherlands ends with the surrender of the defenders to the Spanish Army.source
  • 1585Aboard the English ship Tiger, Roanoke expedition leader Ralph Lane negotiates an agreement with the Secotan people, who are represented by Granganimeo, the brother of the Secotan leader, King Wingino. Although the Secotans grant Lane's request to allow the English to live on Roanoke Island, he is told that they will receive no assistance from the natives, because of problems the previous year with Walter Raleigh.source
  • 1593The Long Turkish War breaks out in Hungary between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.source
  • 1602Juan de Zúñiga Flores, Bishop of Cartagena, becomes the Grand Inquisitor of Spain but serves for only five months before his death at the age of 55.source
  • 1617The secret Oñate treaty is signed in Vienna between representatives of King Philip III of Spain reached an agreement with the junior Habsburg branch of Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria, the heads of two different branches of the House of Habsburg. Spain's Ambassador to Austria, Íñigo Vélez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oñate signs on behalf of King Philip.source
  • 1631Marie de' Medici takes up residence in Mons.source
  • 1634Curaçao is captured by the Dutch.source
  • 1650William II, Prince of Orange, stadtholder of Holland, attempts to conquer the rest of the Netherlands and attempts a coup d'état against the Dutch Republic.source
  • 1651Gregers Krabbe was appointed Governor-General of Norway.source
  • 1656July 28–30 – Battle of Warsaw: Led by King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, the armies of the Swedish Empire and the Margraviate of Brandenburg defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth near Warsaw.source
  • 1678Muhammad Azam Shah is appointed as the Mughal Governor of Bengal by his father, the Emperor Aurangzeb, but serves for a little more than a year before being recalled from Dhaka.source
  • 1693Nine Years' War – Battle of Landen: William III of England is defeated by the French (with Irish Jacobite mercenaries).source
  • 1703July 29–31 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory in London, then imprisoned until mid-November for the crime of seditious libel after publishing his satirical political pamphlet The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702).source
  • 1707August 21 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Toulon: The Allies are obliged to withdraw, but the French fleet is effectively put out of action.source
  • 170721 August: Battle of Toulon: Prince Eugene is forced to abandon his attempt to take the naval port of Toulonsource
  • 170729 July–21 August – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Toulon – Allies, including British forces under Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell, are obliged to withdraw, but the French fleet is effectively put out of action.source
  • 1711Total lunar eclipse at 17:50 UT.source
  • 1744Nader Shah lays siege to the Ottoman citadel of Kars.source
  • 1748Royal Navy Admiral Edward Boscawen arrives at the coast of southeastern India with 28 ships, to defend Fort St. David from attacks by armies of French India. Historian Francis Grose later writes that Boscawen had brought the largest fleet "ever seen together in the East Indies", with nine ships of the line, two frigates, a sloop, and two tenders" and 14 ships of the British East India Company. Altogether, Boscawen has 3,580 sailors under his command. He then launches an offensive to destroy the French fort at Pondicherry and drive France from the subcontinent.source
  • 1773July 29 (Feast of St Martha) – Guatemala earthquake: The Santa Marta earthquake hits, with an estimated epicentral magnitude of 7.5 M i , striking Guatemala; numerous aftershocks last until December. The city of Antigua Guatemala is virtually destroyed, leading to the decision to move the country's capital to La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción.source
  • 1776Domínguez–Escalante expedition: Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez and eight other Spaniards set out from Santa Fe on an 1800-mile (2900 km) trek through the American Southwest. They are the first Europeans to explore the vast region between the Rockies and the Sierras.source
  • 1776Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez, and eight other Spaniards set out from Santa Fe on the Domínguez–Escalante expedition, an eighteen-hundred mile trek through the American Southwest. They are the first Europeans to explore the vast region between the Rockies and the Sierras.source
  • 1781American Revolution – Skirmish at the House in the Horseshoe: A Tory force under David Fanning attacks Phillip Alston's smaller force of Whigs, at Alston's home in Cumberland County, North Carolina (in present day Moore County, North Carolina). Alston's troops surrender, after Fanning's men attempt to ram the house with a cart of burning straw.source
  • 1784The United States and the Kingdom of France sign a convention for establishing diplomatic relations and "determining the functions and prerogatives of their respective consuls, vice consuls, agents, and commissaries".source
  • 1785Vienna experienced a flood that left much of the city submerged underwatersource
  • 1793John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there.source
  • 1796The Habsburg army under Marshal Wurmser advances from the Alps, and captures Rivoli and Verona. The French abandon the east bank of the Mincio River, the outnumbered division (15,000 men) of Masséna retreats towards Lake Garda.source
  • 1805The Venus, Captain William Stewart, leaves Port Jackson with Maa-Tara on board. Governor King has given Maa-Tara tools and other gifts for his father Te Pahi. After collecting animals at Norfolk Island for Te Pahi she lands Maa-Tara and the animals at the Bay of Islands.source
  • 1818French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light" to the French Academy of Sciences, precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.source
  • 1818Physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light" to the French Academy of Sciences, precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.source
  • 1830"The Three Glorious Days" of the July Revolution in France end with establishment of a provisional government in Paris.source
  • 1830July 27–29 – July Revolution ("Three Glorious Days") – people in Paris rebel against the Ordinance of St. Cloud by King Charles X of France and clash against the National Guard – 1,800 rioters and 300 soldiers die and the king has to flee the capital.source
  • 1833Nathaniel Sneyd is shot in the head by a madman on Westmoreland Street, Dublin. He dies from his injuries two days later.source
  • 1834The Office of Indian Affairs is organized in the United States.source
  • 1836The Arc de Triomphe, is dedicated in Paris, France.source
  • 1847The Cumberland School of Law is founded at Cumberland University, in Lebanon, Tennessee. At the end of this year, only 15 law schools exist in the United States.source
  • 1848Young Irelander Rebellion: A nationalist revolt in County Tipperary, against British rule, is put down by the Irish Constabulary.source
  • 1851Annibale de Gasparis, in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.source
  • 1858The United States and Japan sign the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, negotiated by Townsend Harris.source
  • 1862Confederate commerce raider CSS Alabama is launched clandestinely at Birkenhead by John Laird Sons and Company.source
  • 1864Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops, and detained at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C.source
  • 1897July 26–August 2 – Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand, on the Northwest frontier of British India (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan).source
  • 1898White Pass and Yukon Route opens (Skagway–Whitehorse).source
  • 1902St Lawrence's Church, Dingwall (Roman Catholic) opens.source
  • 1903United States Cartridge Company explosion: The explosion of two explosives storage magazines destroys 70 homes, killing 22 residents of Tewksbury, Massachusetts.source
  • 1906Tour de France ends, won by René Pottier.source
  • 1909July 25–August 2 – "Tragic Week" (La Semana Trágica/la Setmana Tràgica): The city of Barcelona experiences a workers' uprising.source
  • 1911Mohun Bagan was the first Indian team and the first Asian team to have defeated a foreign team when they won the 1911 IFA Shield defeating East Yorkshire Regiment 2–1 to lift the IFA Shield.source
  • 1914World War I: Austro-Hungarian Navy river monitor SMS Bodrog fires the first shots of the war, opening the bombardment of the defenses of Belgrade, Serbia's capital.source
  • 1916Matheson Fire: In Ontario, Canada, a lightning strike ignites a forest fire that destroys the towns of Cochrane and Matheson, killing 233.source
  • 1916The Matheson Fire in the region northwest of North Bay, Ontario, begins. It eventually kills between 200 and 250 people and destroys six towns, including Matheson and Cochranesource
  • 1920The United States Bureau of Reclamation begins construction of the Link River Dam, as part of the Klamath Reclamation Project.source
  • 1920Rodolfo Acosta, television actorsource
  • 1925Werner Heisenberg, Max Born and Pascual Jordan published their Umdeutung paper, reporting a breakthrough in quantum physics, in Zeitschrift für Physik in Germany.source
  • 1928Alfred Loewenstein's corpse washes ashore at Boulogne-sur-Mersource
  • 1928The newspaper Proletarul (Proletarian) is founded.source
  • 1929the French prime minister Raymond Poincaré resigns, and is succeeded by Aristide Briand.source
  • 1930British airship R100 sets out for a successful 78-hour passage to Canada.source
  • 1934Transvaal – Germiston to Elsburg, 2 mi 49 ch.source
  • 1937a new constitution in force with civil liberties and democracy restored but with a very strong presidency.source
  • 1937July 25–31 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, a series of actions fought around Beiping and Tianjin, result in Japanese victory.source
  • 1937Tongzhou Mutiny: Units of the East Hebei Army mutiny and kill Japanese troops and civilians in Tongzhou.source
  • 193829 July–11 August – Battle of Lake Khasansource
  • 1941The Vichy Regime signs the Protocol Concerning Joint Defense and Joint Military Cooperation with the Empire of Japan, giving the Japanese a total of 8 airfields, allowing them greater troop presence, and the use of the Indochinese financial system, in return for continued French autonomy.source
  • 1942The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union institutes the Order of Suvorov and Order of Kutuzov and reinstates the Order of Alexander Nevsky.source
  • 1942Flinders Petrie (born 1853), British archaeologist.source
  • 1943Cruiser HMCS Ontario is launched at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast to British Admiralty order.source
  • 1945The BBC Light Programme radio station is launched in the United Kingdom, aimed at mainstream light entertainment and music.source
  • 1947Shoot down of Dakota VT-CLAsource
  • 1947After being shut down on November 9, 1946, for a refurbishment, the ENIAC computer in the United States is turned back on again, and remains in continuous operation until October 2, 1955.source
  • 1947The British execute three Irgun members captured during the Acre Prison break. In response, the Irgun hangs the two British hostages kidnapped eighteen days earlier.source
  • 19471947 Assam earthquakesource
  • 1948The 1948 Summer Olympics begin in London, the first since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.source
  • 1952Iosif Sîrbu wins Romania's first Olympic gold medal in shooting.source
  • 1953Santam Insurance Company is registered, following the separation of trust and insurance operations.source
  • 1954The construction of Yad Vashem started in Jerusalem. It is an official memorial center to commemorate the victims of the persecution of the Jews by the Nazis and their accomplices in Europe.source
  • 1954The Fellowship of the Ring, the first of three volumes in J.R.R. Tolkien's epic fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings, is published in London.source
  • 1955July 25-August 4: Bishops from all over Latin America meet in Rio de Janeiro for the first Episcopal Conference of Latin America.source
  • 1956Olav Øygard, Lutheran prelatesource
  • 1957The International Atomic Energy Agency is established.source
  • 1957Health insurance is made mandatory for all employees.source
  • 1959Qantas launched its first jet service from Sydney to San Francisco via Nadi and Honolulu.source
  • 19661966 Nigerian counter-coup: Army officers from the north of Nigeria execute head of state General Aguiyi-Ironsi and install Yakubu Gowon.source
  • 1966Bob Dylan is injured in a motorcycle accident near his home in Woodstock, New York. He is not seen in public for over a year.source
  • 1966La Noche de los Bastones Largos: Junta takes over Argentine universities.source
  • 196729 July-1 August - 1967 Opium Warsource
  • 1967An explosion and fire aboard the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Forrestal in the Gulf of Tonkin leaves 134 dead.source
  • 1967An earthquake in Caracas, Venezuela leaves 240 dead.source
  • 1968Arenal Volcano erupts in Costa Rica for the first time in centuries.source
  • 1971July 25–30 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli records two Debussy works in Munich for Deutsche Grammophon, his fifth recording.source
  • 1971The United Kingdom opts out of the Space Race with the cancellation of its Black Arrow launch vehicle.source
  • 1972Kerry Anne Wells earned Australia's first Miss Universe crown, in Dorado, Puerto Rico.source
  • 1973Republic referendum held. Abolition of monarchy confirmed.source
  • 19731973 Dutch Grand Prixsource
  • 1976In New York City, the "Son of Sam" pulls a gun from a paper bag, killing one and seriously wounding another, in the first of a series of attacks that terrorize the city for the next year.source
  • 1981A worldwide television audience of over 750 million people watch the Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer at St Paul's Cathedral in London, UK.source
  • 1981July 23–29 – Strong temperature drops are recorded in much of the country. Snow falls in cities like La Serena and Copiapó, where previously thought impossible.source
  • 1986Argentine President Raúl Alfonsín and Brazilian President José Sarney sign economic agreements in Buenos Aires for mutual integration; the basis for the future creation of the Southern Common Market (Mercosur).source
  • 1987The Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord is signed in Colombo between Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan President J. R. Jayewardene, thus bringing an end to the first phase of the Sri Lankan Civil War.source
  • 1991In New York City, a grand jury indicts Bank of Credit and Commerce International of the largest bank fraud in history, accusing the bank of defrauding depositors of US$5 billion.source
  • 1993The Israeli Supreme Court acquits accused Nazi death camp guard John Demjanjuk of all charges and he is set free.source
  • 2002July 25–August 4 – The 2002 Commonwealth Games are held in Manchester, England.source
  • 2004The International Criminal Court opens an investigation into the actions of the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda.source
  • 2010Heavy monsoon rains begin to cause widespread flooding in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Over 1,600 are killed, and more than one million are displaced by the floods.source
  • 2011An explosion occurs 3,000 ft underground in the Sukhodilska–Skhidna coal mine in Southeast Ukraine in Luhansk Oblast, killing all 26 miners.source
  • 2014July 23–August 3 – The 2014 Commonwealth Games takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.source
  • 2015Microsoft releases the desktop operating system Windows 10.source
  • 2018Terrorist attack against cyclists in Tajikistansource
  • 2019Journalist Adama Gaye (Kapital Afrik, Jeune Afrique, France 24, TV5Monde, and Al Jazeera) is arrested and charged with acting to compromise public security and offending the president.source
  • 2021Roscosmos' Nauka laboratory docks with the International Space Station following a protracted seventeen-year development and launch on 21 July. Hours after docking, a malfunction of its thrusters causes a temporary loss of control of the station, spinning it up to 45 degrees from its normal orbital attitude.source
  • 2022July 28–August 8 – The 2022 Commonwealth Games is held in Birmingham, England.source
  • 2022July 29 – August 8: Guyana at the 2022 Commonwealth Gamessource

Births

  • 996Fujiwara no Norimichi, Japanese nobleman (died 1075)source
  • 1166Henry II, Count of Champagne (Henry I, King of Jerusalem) (died 1197)source
  • 1187Ibn Abi'l-Dam, Syrian historian and judge (died 1244)source
  • 1214Sturla Þórðarson, Icelandic chieftain (died 1284)source
  • 1356Martin of Aragon (died 1410)source
  • 1643Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (died 1709)source
  • 1805Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian (died 1859)source
  • 1817Ivan Aivazovsky, Armenian-Russian painter (died 1900)source
  • 1846Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (died 1921)source
  • 1846Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil.source
  • 1853Ioan Culcer, Romanian general and politician (died 1928)source
  • 1870George Dixon, Canadian boxer (died 1909)source
  • 1883Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy (died 1945)source
  • 1905Clara Bow, American film actress (died 1965)source
  • 1905Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations (died 1961)source
  • 1938Peter Jennings, Canadian-American journalist (died 2005)source
  • 1957Fumio Kishida, 100th Prime Minister of Japansource

Deaths

  • 451Tuoba Huang, prince of Northern Wei (born 428)source
  • 796Offa, king of Mercia (born 730)source
  • 846Li Shen, chancellor of the Tang Dynastysource
  • 1030Bjørn Stallare, Norwegian servant and diplomatsource
  • 1030Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf), king of Norwaysource
  • 1030Torstein Knarresmed, Norwegian Viking warriorsource
  • 1032Matilda of Swabia, German duchesssource
  • 1095Ladislaus I, king of Hungarysource
  • 1099Pope Urban II (Urbanus) dies after a 9-year pontificate at Rome. He is succeeded by Paschal II as the 160th pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 1099Urban II, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1035)source
  • 1102Albert III, count of Namur (House of Namur)source
  • 1108King Philip I dies at Melun, after a 48-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Louis VI, who, at the start of his rule, faces insurrections from feudal brigands and rebellious robber barons.source
  • 1108Philip I, king of Francesource
  • 1162Guigues V, count of Albon and Grenoble (born 1125)source
  • 1184Abu Yaqub Yusuf, Almohad caliph (emir) (born 1135)source
  • 1190Maud of Gloucester (or Matilda), English countesssource
  • 1233Savari de Mauléon, French nobleman (born 1181)source
  • 1234William Pinchon, French prelate and bishopsource
  • 1236Ingeborg of Denmark, queen consort of France (born 1174)source
  • 1237Ingeborg of Denmark, queen of France (born 1174)source
  • 1257Matilda I (or Mathilde de Courtenay), countess in her own right of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (born 1188)source
  • 1326Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster, Irish nobleman (House of Burgh) (born 1259)source
  • 1363John Bardolf, 3rd Baron Bardolf (born 1314)source
  • 1504Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby (born 1435)source
  • 1507Martin Behaim, German navigator and geographer (born 1459)source
  • 1573John Caius, English physician (born 1510)source
  • 1644Pope Urban VIII (born 1568)source
  • 1669Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (born 1636)source
  • 1674Eva Krotoa, Khoi translator and interpreter (born 1643)source
  • 1694Suleiman I of Persia, Shah of Persia from 1666 to 1694 (born 1647)source
  • 1735Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prussian queen consort (born 1685)source
  • 1752Peter Warren, British admiral (born 1703)source
  • 1811William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (born 1748)source
  • 1813Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (suicide) (born 1771)source
  • 1833William Wilberforce, English politician, abolitionist (born 1759)source
  • 1844Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer (born 1791)source
  • 1856Robert Schumann, German composer, pianist (born 1810)source
  • 1890Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (born 1853)source
  • 1898Arturo Michelena (born 1863) — painter.source
  • 1900King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci in Monza.source
  • 1953Richard Pearse, New Zealand airplane pioneer (born 1877)source
  • 1962Sir Ronald Fisher, English-born statistician and geneticist (born 1890)source
  • 1967July 23–31 – 12th Street Riot: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city: 43 are killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.source
  • 1983Luis Buñuel, 83, Spanish-born Mexican filmmaker, representative of surrealist cinema, diabetes complicationssource