/year

January 7 in history

211 sourced entries recorded on January 7, from 43 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 43 BCEOctavian is given imperium, marking the start of his public career.source
  • 1016Fath al-Qal'i, governor of the Citadel of Aleppo, revolts against Emir Mansur ibn Lu'lu', forcing him to flee. Fath accepts an agreement with Salih ibn Mirdas and takes control of Aleppo.source
  • 1114Emperor Henry V marries Matilda (or Maude), 11-year-old daughter of King Henry I of England, at Worms (modern Germany). A political conflict breaks out across the Holy Roman Empire after the marriage, triggered when Henry arrests Chancellor Adalbert and various other German princes.source
  • 1135King Harald IV returns with Danish reinforcements and the support of King Eric II ("the Memorable"). He captures his nephew and joint ruler Magnus IV (Sigurdsson), who is blinded, castrated – and confined in Nidarholm Abbey (located on the island of Munkholmen).source
  • 1192Venus occults Jupiter.source
  • 1325Afonso IV becomes the new King of Portugal upon the death of his father, King Denis I.source
  • 1355King Afonso IV of Portugal sends three men who kill Inês de Castro, mistress of his son Pedro, who revolts and incites a civil war.source
  • 1383King Richard II issues a summons for the Lords and members of the House of Commons to assemble for the English Parliament, to convene on February 23.source
  • 1414After the Battle of Grunwald, the Teutonic Order can’t sustain the warmongering politics of Heinrich von Plauen and thus Michael Küchmesier becomes the 28th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, succeeding Heinrich von Plauen.source
  • 1426King Henry VI summons the Parliament of England, directing its members to meet at Leicester on February 18.source
  • 1430Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, marries Isabella of Portugal.source
  • 1430Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, marries Isabella of Portugal.source
  • 1451Pope Nicholas V issues a Papal Bull to establish The University of Glasgow; classes are initially held in Glasgow Cathedral.source
  • 1467At Rome, Pope Paul II holds a secret papal consistory, with the Albanian general Skanderbeg, to ask the cardinals assembled to provide Skanderbeg with 5,000 ducats (equivalent to 17.5 kg of gold based on the worth of a ducat of 3.5g of gold). While the cardinals respond that 5,000 ducats is insufficient, the Pope explains that the additional money will have to wait until the war in Italy is concluded.source
  • 1483Ivan IV becomes the new Grand Prince of the semi-independent Principality of Ryazan upon the death of his father, Vasily Ivanovich of Ryazan.source
  • 1483At Pau (now part of France), Queen Catalina becomes the new ruler of Navarre at the age of 14, upon the death of her older brother, the 15-year-old King Francisco Febo. Their mother, Magdalena of Valois, continues as regent of Navarre.source
  • 1558French troops, led by François, Duke of Guise, take Calais, the last continental possession of the Kingdom of England, in the Siege of Calais.source
  • 1560In the Kingdom of Scotland, French troops commanded by Henri Cleutin and Captain Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous sail across the Firth of Forth from Leith, which they are occupying, and fight with the Lords of the Congregation at Pettycur Bay near Kinghorn.source
  • 1560French troops commanded by Henri Cleutin and Captain Corbeyran de Cardaillac Sarlabous sail across the Firth of Forth from Leith, which they are occupying, and fight with the Lords of the Congregation at Pettycur Bay near Kinghorn.source
  • 1587Sir Walter Raleigh appoints John White to be the Governor of the Roanoke Colony, to be established later in the year by English colonists on Roanoke Island off the coast of the modern-day U.S. state of North Carolina. White and 121 other colonists depart from Portsmouth on three ships on May 8 and arrive at Croatoan Island on July 22.source
  • 1589The College of Sorbonne votes a resolution that it is just and necessary to depose King Henry III of France, and that any private citizen is morally free to commit regicide.source
  • 1605Shakespeare's play Henry V, copyrighted 1600, is given its earliest recorded performance, presented by the Lord Chamberlain's Men for King James I of England.source
  • 1608At Jamestown, Virginia, fire destroys "all the houses in the fort"; the fort is repaired in March.source
  • 1610Galileo Galilei first observes the four Galilean moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io, but is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following day.source
  • 1620Ben Jonson's play News from the New World Discovered in the Moon is given its first performance, a presentation to King James VI and I. In addition to dialogue about actual observations made by telescope of the Moon, the play includes a fanciful discussion of a lunar civilisation, featuring a dance by the "Volatees", the lunar race.source
  • 1622John Pym arrested for criticizing the King in Parliament.source
  • 1622The Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania sign the Peace of Nikolsburg.source
  • 1626Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army.source
  • 1626Swedish victory in the Battle of Wallhofsource
  • 1639Croquant rebellions in Gascony: Having freed prisoners in Mirande on January 4, rebels of Pardiac ransack the area when the townspeople refuse them the passage of their bridge to march on Auch.source
  • 1647The Westminster Assembly begins debating the biblical proof texts, to support the new Confession of Faith.source
  • 1664Indian entrepreneur Virji Vora, described in the 17th century by the English East India Company as the richest merchant in the world, suffers the loss of a large portion of his wealth when the Maratha troops of Shivaji plunder his residence at Surat and his business warehouses.source
  • 1674In the Chinese Empire, General Wu Sangui leads troops into the Giuzhou province, and soon takes control of the entire territory without a loss.source
  • 1682The Republic of Genoa forbids the unauthorized printing of newspapers and all handwritten newssheets; the ban is lifted after three months.source
  • 1690The first recorded full peal is rung, at St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London, marking a new era in change ringing.source
  • 1690The first recorded full peal is rung, at St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London, marking a new era in change ringing.source
  • 1695January 7 (December 28, 1694 O.S.) – The United Kingdom's last joint monarchy, the reign of husband-and-wife King William III and Queen Mary II comes to an end with the death of Queen Mary, at the age of 32. Princess Mary had been installed as the monarch along with her husband and cousin, Willem Hendrik von Oranje, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, in 1689 after King James II was deposed by Willem during the "Glorious Revolution".source
  • 1704A partial solar eclipse, Solar Saros 146, is visible in Antarctica.source
  • 1708Bashkir rebels besiege Yelabuga.source
  • 1718Religious Worship Act 1718 repeals the Occasional Conformity Act 1711 and Schism Act 1714, restoring some freedoms to dissenters.source
  • 1738After the Maratha Empire of India wins the Battle of Bhopal over the Jaipur State, Jaipur cedes the Malwa territory to the Maratha in a treaty signed at Doraha.source
  • 1745War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bavarian Army, and scatters the Bavarian defending troops, then captures the Bavarian capital of Munich.source
  • 1751The University of Pennsylvania, conceived 12 years earlier by Benjamin Franklin and its other trustees to provide non-denominational higher education "to train young people for leadership in business, government and public service". rather than for the ministry, holds its first classes as "The Academy and Charitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania" in Philadelphia.source
  • 1764The Siculicidium is carried out as hundreds of the Székely minority in Transylvania are massacred by the Austrian Army at Madéfalva.source
  • 1782The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens.source
  • 1782The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens in Philadelphia.source
  • 1784D. Landreth Seed Company established in Philadelphia; it will continue to exist into the 21st century.source
  • 1785Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England to Calais, France in a hydrogen gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air.source
  • 1785French balloonist Jean-Pierre Blanchard crosses the English Channel in a balloonsource
  • 1785Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover to Calais, France in a hydrogen gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air.source
  • 1789The 1788-89 United States presidential election and House of Representatives elections are held.source
  • 1789Johan Henrik Hästesko is arrested for involvement in the Anjala conspiracy.source
  • 1793The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden.source
  • 1793Ebel riots in Stockholm.source
  • 1797The parliament of the Cisalpine Republic adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as their official flag (this is considered the birth of the flag of Italy).source
  • 1799Bass and Flinders complete their circumnavigation of Van Diemen's Land in sloop Norfolk.source
  • 1807The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies.source
  • 1810The newly elected heir to the throne, Charles August, arrives in Sweden.source
  • 1822The first freed slaves from the United States arrive on the west coast of Africa, founding Monrovia on April 25.source
  • 1825Parliament of Tapihuesource
  • 1828Rev. Henry Duncan describes his discovery of the fossil footmarks of quadrupeds (Chelichnus duncani) in Permian red sandstone at Cornockle Muir, near Lochmaben in Dumfriesshire, the first scientific report of a fossil track, in a paper read to the Royal Society of Edinburgh.source
  • 1835HMS Beagle anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as a scientist.source
  • 1838January 6–11 – Samuel Morse first publicly demonstrates electric telegraphy, at Morristown, New Jersey, assisted by Alfred Vail and using dots and dashes, the forerunner of Morse code.source
  • 1842January 6–13 – First Anglo-Afghan War – Massacre of Elphinstone's army (Battle of Gandamak): British East India Company troops are destroyed by Afghan forces on the road from Kabul to Jalalabad, Afghanistan, by Akbar Khan, son of Dost Mohammad Khan.source
  • 1857The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating.source
  • 1863In the Swiss canton of Ticino, the village of Bedretto is partly destroyed and 29 killed by an avalanche.source
  • 1866Le Peuple (predecessor organisation of Belgian Labour Party) joins First International.source
  • 1867Maximilian I met with Marshal Bazaine at the Hacienda de la Teja, where Bazaine advised him to abdicate the throne.source
  • 1867Riots at the Crocodile Creek goldfield destroyed the property of Chinese miners.source
  • 1867Kingstree jail fire kills 22 in South Carolina.source
  • 1868The Arkansas constitutional convention meets in Little Rock.source
  • 1877The weekly Illustreret Familie Journal, now Familie Journalen, is published for the first time.source
  • 1884German microbiologist Robert Koch isolates Vibrio cholerae, the cholera bacillus, working in India.source
  • 1886January 5–9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is published in New York and London.source
  • 1891The Inter-American Monetary Commission meets in Washington, D.C.source
  • 1891General Nelson A. Miles' forces surround the Lakota in the Pine Ridge Reservation.source
  • 1894Søren Jaabæk, politician and farmer (born 1814)source
  • 1894William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United States.source
  • 1894William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film.source
  • 1896American culinary expert Fannie Farmer publishes her first cookbook.source
  • 1896Official founding of the Belgian Automobile Club.source
  • 1897A cyclone destroys Darwin, Australia.source
  • 1897Darwin has its highest ever daily rainfall with 296.1 millimetres from its most severe cyclone until Tracy.source
  • 1904The distress signal CQD is established, only to be replaced 2 years later by SOS.source
  • 1907Three new battleships on which construction work is in progress are scrapped as a result of changes to the Brazilian government's requirements.source
  • 1909Colombia recognizes the independence of Panama.source
  • 1919Estonian War of Independence: With Soviet Russian forces just 40 km outside of the capital Tallinn, Estonian forces start a general and successful counter-offensive against the Red Army.source
  • 1919January 7–14 - Tragic Week (Argentina)source
  • 1920Russian Civil War: The forces of Russian White Admiral Alexander Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk; the Great Siberian Ice March ensues.source
  • 1922Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.source
  • 1926Deutschlandsender, a radio transmitter, is opened for the first time.source
  • 1926Flooding along the river Meuse, particularly in Liège.source
  • 1927The Harlem Globetrotters exhibition basketball team play their first ever road game in Hinckley, Illinois.source
  • 1927Cape – Sunland to Kirkwood, 14 mi 54 ch.source
  • 1927The first transatlantic telephone call is made via radio from New York City, United States, to London, United Kingdom.source
  • 1931Australian aviator Guy Menzies makes the first solo flight across the Tasman sea, starting from Sydney and ending 11 hours 45 minutes later with a crash landing in a swamp near Harihari on the West Coastsource
  • 1935Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims.source
  • 1939French physicist Marguerite Perey identifies francium, the last chemical element first discovered in nature.source
  • 1939Physicist Marguerite Perey identifies francium, the last chemical element first discovered in nature.source
  • 1940WWII: Winter War: Battle of Raate Road – Outnumbered Finnish troops decisively defeat Soviet forces.source
  • 1942Operation Typhoon, the German attempt to take Moscow, ends in failure.source
  • 1946The Allies of World War II recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four occupation zones.source
  • 1947The founding of the kibbutz Mivtahim.source
  • 1948UNCOK visits South Korea.source
  • 1948Mantell UFO incident: Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an unidentified flying object.source
  • 1950A fire in the St Elizabeth's Ward of Mercy Hospital in Davenport, Iowa, United States, kills 41 patients.source
  • 1954Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head office of IBM.source
  • 1955Marian Anderson is the first African-American singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.source
  • 1959The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro.source
  • 1959Cuba's new government announced the first executions of former officials of Fulgencio Batista. Ten officers were executed at Santiago including Col. Arcadio Casillas, who oversaw Santiago. The same day, the United States recognized the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro.source
  • 1959MS Hans Hedtoft departs from Copenhagen on her maiden journey to Greenland.source
  • 1961Following a four-day conference in Casablanca, five African chiefs of state announce plans for a NATO-type African organization to ensure common defense. The Charter of Casablanca involves the Casablanca Group: Morocco, the United Arab Republic, Ghana, Guinea, and Mali.source
  • 1964French actress Brigitte Bardot arrives in Rio de Janeiro and spends her summer in the resort of Búzios, drawing the attention of the national and international press to the place. Thanks to Bardot's visit, Búzios has now became one of the hottest spots in the Brazilian summer.source
  • 1969Operation Pigfat ends.source
  • 1978Iran and Red and Black Colonizationsource
  • 1979Cambodian–Vietnamese War: The People's Army of Vietnam and Vietnamese-backed Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and the collapse of the Pol Pot regime. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreat west to an area along the Thai border, ending large-scale fighting.source
  • 1979The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (led by Lê Duẩn) and moderate dissidents from the Khmer Rouge (led by Heng Samrin) advanced and captured the city of Phnom Penh. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge are pushed out of the capital and begin a guerrilla war in the forests near the Thai border.source
  • 1984Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).source
  • 1984Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.source
  • 1985Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency launches Sakigake, Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft and the first deep space probe to be launched by any country other than the United States or the Soviet Union.source
  • 1988January 7–8 – In the Soviet-Afghan War, 39 men of the Soviet Airborne Troops from the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment fight off an attack by 200 to 250 Mujahideen in the Battle for Hill 3234, later dramatized in the Russian film The 9th Company.source
  • 1992A European Community Monitor Mission helicopter is downed by the Yugoslav Air Force near Novi Marof, killing five.source
  • 19921992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing: A Yugoslav Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 attacks two Italian Army Agusta-Bell AB-206L LongRanger helicopters carrying observers from the European Community Monitor Mission. One crashes, killing five people on board. The other helicopter crash-lands, but its occupants survive.source
  • 1993The Fourth Republic of Ghana is inaugurated, with Jerry Rawlings as president.source
  • 1993January 6–20 – The Bombay riots take place in Mumbai.source
  • 1993The government declares a state-of-emergency in Dushanbe.source
  • 1997John Atta Mills is sworn in as Vice President of Ghana.source
  • 1999Zimbabwe says its military intervention in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is being funded by France, Libya and Angola.source
  • 2000For the first time in 35 years, an Argentine expedition team successfully reaches the South Pole.source
  • 2001Ghana undergoes its first peaceful transfer of power since 1979 when John Kufuor is sworn in as President of Ghana.source
  • 2011The United Nations says thousands of people are arriving in Southern Sudan from north Sudan ahead of the independence referendum on Sunday.source
  • 2011A Bangladeshi teenage girl Felani Khatun, was shot dead by the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) on the Anantapur border area under Phulbari upazila in Kurigram. Her body was hanging from the fence for four and half hours. Global human rights organizations, including the media, became protesters.source
  • 2015January 3–7 – A series of massacres in Baga, Nigeria and surrounding villages by Boko Haram kills more than 2,000 people.source
  • 2015Two gunmen belonging to Al-Qaeda's Yemen branch kill 12 people and injure 11 more at the Paris headquarters of satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, prompting an anti-terrorism demonstration attended by over a million people and more than 40 world leaders.source
  • 2016Anton Srholec, 86, Salesian priest.source
  • 2020Orthodox Tewahedo Christmas in Ethiopia and Eritreasource
  • 2021Diary Sow, 20, a student at Paris's Lycée Louis-le-Grand and known as "Senegal's best pupil," is reported missing. She apologized for her disappearance on January 22.source
  • 2022"Khanim Fatimeyi-Zahra" mosque in Yeni Günəşli settlement of Suraxanı district was put into use after reconstructionsource
  • 2022COVID-19 pandemic: The number of COVID-19 cases exceeds 300 million worldwide.source
  • 2025A 7.1 magnitude earthquake strikes Tibet, China, killing at least 126 people, while another 338 are injured.source
  • 2025Greater Los Angeles experiences the most destructive wildfires in its history, fueled by strong winds and prolonged drought conditions. Over 13,000 structures are destroyed. At least 29 deaths are reported, while 180,000 people are evacuated, with fires continuing for days.source

Births

  • 889Li Bian, emperor of Southern Tang (died 943)source
  • 1077Zhezong, Chinese emperor of the Song dynasty (died 1100)source
  • 1277Kanzan Egen, Japanese monk (died 1360)source
  • 1355Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, son of King Edward III of England (died 1397)source
  • 1414Henry II, Count of Nassau-Siegen, Co-ruler of Nassau-Siegen (1442–1451) (died 1451)source
  • 1434Adolf, Duke of Bavaria (died 1441)source
  • 1474Thihathura II of Ava (died 1501)source
  • 1502January 7 (Julian) (January 17 Gregorian)– Pope Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni, Bolognese-born pontiff (died 1585)source
  • 1520Peder Oxe, Danish finance minister (died 1575)source
  • 1624Guarino Guarini, Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque (died 1683)source
  • 1638Filippo Bonanni, Italian Jesuit scholar (died 1723)source
  • 1652Pavao Ritter Vitezović, Croatian historian (died 1713)source
  • 1706Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (died 1751)source
  • 1718Israel Putnam, American Revolutionary War general (died 1790)source
  • 1768Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples and Spain (died 1844)source
  • 1786John Catron, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 1865)source
  • 1796Princess Charlotte of Wales, daughter and only child of future King George IV (died 1817)source
  • 1799Eduard Magnus, German painter (died 1872)source
  • 1800Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (died 1874)source
  • 1827Sir Sandford Fleming, Scottish-Canadian engineer, inventor (died 1915)source
  • 1830Albert Bierstadt, German-American painter (died 1902)source
  • 1834Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist, inventor (died 1874)source
  • 1844Bernadette Soubirous, French visionary from Lourdes (died 1879)source
  • 1845King Ludwig III of Bavaria (died 1921)source
  • 1880Santiago Copello, Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Buenos Aires (died 1967)source
  • 1885Ernesto Brown, footballer (died 1935)source
  • 1891Zora Neale Hurston, African-American writer, anthropologist, ethnographer (died 1960)source
  • 1945Raila Odinga, prime minister of Kenya (died 2025)source
  • 1964Nicolas Cage, American actorsource
  • 1970Andy Burnham, British politician, Prime Minister and Mayor of Greater Manchester (2017–2026)source
  • 2005Bat-Erdene Mungunzul, chess playersource

Deaths

  • 672Tenji, emperor of Japan (born 626)source
  • 672Emperor Tenji dies after a 10-year reign, in which he has given the Fujiwara clan its name. Following his death, there ensues a succession dispute between Tenji's 14 children (many by different mothers). He is succeeded by his favorite son Kōbun, age 23, who was the first accorded with the title Daijō-daijin.source
  • 856Aldric, bishop of Le Manssource
  • 1121Erminold, German Benedictine abbotsource
  • 1131Canute Lavard, duke of Schleswig (born 1096)source
  • 1234Robert of Auvergne, bishop of Clermontsource
  • 1263Agnes of Merania, duchess of Carinthia (born 1215)source
  • 1285Charles I, king of Sicily (House of Anjou) (born 1227)source
  • 1325Denis I, King of Portugal (born 1261)source
  • 1355Inês de Castro, lover of King Peter I of Portugal (murdered) (born 1325)source
  • 1361Gerlach I of Nassau-Wiesbadensource
  • 1370January 6 – 11 (Tubah 1086 AM) Pope Gabriel IV is consecrated as the new leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church for the Coptic Christians of Egypt, and assumes the title of Bishop of Alexandria, succeeding the late Pope Yoannis X, who had died eight months earlier.source
  • 1400John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English earl (executed) (born 1350)source
  • 1400Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, English politician (executed) (born 1374)source
  • 1451Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, aka Antipope Felix V (born 1383)source
  • 1517Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples (born 1454)source
  • 1529Peter Vischer the Elder, German sculptor (born 1455)source
  • 1536Catherine of Aragon, First Queen of Henry VIII of England (born 1485)source
  • 1566Louis de Blois, Flemish mystical writer (born 1506)source
  • 1566Cardinal Michele Ghislieri is elected as the new Pope by two-thirds of the College of Cardinals, to succeed Pope Pius IV, who had died 28 days earlier on December 8. Ghislieri becomes the 225th pope, and takes the regnal name Pope Pius V.source
  • 1619Nicholas Hilliard, English miniature painter (born c. 1547)source
  • 1650Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, dies after a reign of more than 63 years. The area is now part of the northeastern German state of Saxony-Anhalt.source
  • 1655Pope Innocent X (born 1574)source
  • 1655Pope Innocent X, leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Papal States, dies after more than 10 years of rule.source
  • 1658Theophilus Eaton, English-born Connecticut colonist (born 1590)source
  • 1694Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, English aristocrat and soldier (born c. 1618)source
  • 1715François Fénelon, Archbishop of Cambrai (born 1651)source
  • 1718In India, Sufi rebel leader Shah Inayat Shaheed from Sindh who had led attacks against the Mughal Empire, is beheaded days after being tricked into meeting with the Mughals to discuss peace.source
  • 1758Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet (born 1686)source
  • 1762Manuel de Montiano, Spanish colonial administrator (born 1685)source
  • 1767Thomas Clap, first president of Yale University (born 1703)source
  • 1830Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen consort of Portugal (born 1775)source
  • 1830Thomas Lawrence, English painter (born 1769)source
  • 1890Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Empress Consort of Wilhelm I, German Emperor (born 1811)source
  • 1920Sir Edmund Barton, 1st prime minister of Australia (born 1849)source
  • 1943Nikola Tesla, Serbian-American electrical engineer, inventor (born 1856)source
  • 1951René Guénon, French metaphysician (born 1886)source
  • 1989Emperor Hirohito dies; his son Akihito ascends as the 125th Emperor of Japan, followed by the change in the era name from Shōwa to Heisei on the following day.source
  • 1989Hirohito, 87, longest reigning Emperor of Japan (since 1926), cancer.source