Kingdom of Georgia

medieval state in Eastern Europe

35 dated entries naming Kingdom of Georgia, drawn from 33 separate years between 1002 CE and 1466 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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11th century

1002George I, king of Georgia (approximate date)source
1021Battle of Shirimni, the Byzantine Empire under Basil II defeats the Kingdom of Georgia under Giorgi I at Shirimni, at the Lake Palakazio, modern Lake Çıldır, Turkeysource
1054George II (Giorgi), king of Georgia (approximate date)source
1065Alp Arslan, leader of the Seljuk Turks, campaigns against the Kipchaks and the Türkmen in Central Asia. He captures the city of Kars and plunders the western provinces of Georgia.source
1072November 24 – Bagrat IV, king of Georgia (born 1018)source
1073David IV ("the Builder"), king of Georgia (died 1125)source
1088April 16 – The 6.5 Ms Tmogvi earthquake affects the southern provinces of Georgia, which causes the destruction of the castle of Tmogvi and many deaths.source
1089King George II abdicates the throne in favour of his 16-year-old son David IV ("the Builder") who becomes ruler of Georgia (until 1125).source
1093Demetrius I, king of Georgia (approximate date)source

12th century

1104King David IV of Georgia defeats 100,000 Seljuk Turks with only 1,500 warriors (approximate date).source
1112George II (or Giorgi), king of Georgia (born 1054)source
1121The much larger Seljuk army is heavily defeated; Georgia is unified and independence is achieved from Muslim authority. King David IV lays siege and captures Tbilisi later in the year assigning it as his capital.source
1121Summer – Sultan Mahmud II of the Seljuk Empire declares a Holy War on the Kingdom of Georgia. He sends an expedition under Ilghazi, the Artukid ruler of Mardin, to invade the country.source
1122Siege of Tbilisi: The Georgians led by King David IV ('the Builder') re-conquer the city of Tbilisi from the Emirate of Tbilisi after a 1-year siege. David makes it his capital and unifies the Georgian State.source
1125January 24 – David IV (the Builder), king of Georgia (born 1073)source
1160Tamar the Great, queen of Georgia (approximate date)source
1178King George III defeats a nobles' revolt and proclaims his 18-year-old daughter Tamar (the Great) as co-ruler of Georgia.source
1184March 27 – Tamar I becomes queen regnant of Georgia on the death of her father and coregent George III. She remains sole ruler of Georgia (the first woman to hold this office) until her death in 1213.source
1184March 27 – George III, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi)source
1191George IV (or Lasha Giorgi), king of Georgia (died 1223)source
1194Rusudan, queen of Georgia (House of Bagrationi) (died 1245)source
1195June 1 – Battle of Shamkor: Georgians defeat the Ildenizids of Azerbaijan.source

13th century

1209Tamar I, queen of Georgia, raids Eastern Anatolia and seizes Kars. She leads a liberational war in southern Armenia.source
1215David VII (or David Ulugh), king of Georgia (died 1270)source
1221Spring – Genghis Khan orders an armed reconnaissance expedition into the Caucasus (consisting of Georgia and Armenia) under the command of Subutai and Jebe ("the Arrow"). The Mongols defeat two Georgian armies around Tbilisi, but lack the will or equipment to besiege the capital city. During the fighting, King George IV of Georgia himself is severely wounded and his elite knights are massacred. Meanwhile in Bamyan, the ruler Genghis Khan leads a Mongol force that besieges and captures the fortified city after fierce resistance; during the fighting, his grandson Mutukan is killed, prompting a brutal massacre of the city’s defenders. The Mongols then return to Azerbaijan and Persia, and burn and pillage a few more cities.source
1225David VI Narin (the Clever), king of Georgia (died 1293)source
1226March 9 – Khwarazmian Empire forces commanded by the Muslim Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni capture Tbilisi, capital of the Kingdom of Georgia. After the capture, the massacre of thousands of its Christian inhabitants begins as residents are given the choice between converting to Islam or being put to death.source
1245Rusudan of Georgia, queen consort of Georgia (born 1194)source
1273David VIII, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi) (died 1311)source
1276Vakhtang III, king of Georgia (House of Bagrationi) (died 1308)source
1289March 12 – Demetrius II (the Devoted), king of Georgia (born 1259)source

14th century

1314January 17 – Queen Oljath, who had been the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Georgia as wife of King Vakhtang II (died 1292), and then his cousin, King David VIII (died 1311), marries a third time, taking as her husband Qara Sonqur, Governor of Maragheh (in the modern-day East Azerbaijan province of Iran), in exchange for a dowry of 30,000 dinars.source

15th century

1403Georgia makes peace with Timur, but has to recognise him as a suzerain and pay him tribute.source
1412December – Battle of Chalagan: The Kara Koyunlu Turkomans defeat the Georgians under Constantine I of Georgia, and their ally Ibrahim I of Shirvan.source
1466The Kingdom of Georgia collapses into anarchy, and fragments into rival states of Kartli, Kakheti, Imereti, Samtskhe-Saatabago and a number of principalities; this breakup is finalised in 1490, when Constantine II of Georgia has to recognize his rival monarchies.source