1089 CE

Cîteaux Abbey, the first Cistercian monastery, is established by a group of French monks under Robert of Molesme in southern France. (possible date) – Demetrius Zvonimir, king of Croatia, dies after a 12-year reign, and is succeeded by Stephen II. Zvonimir's widow, Helena of Hungary, Queen of Croatia, plots the inheritance of the Croatian crown for her brother, King Ladislaus I of Hungary. Braga Cathedral in the County of Portugal has its reconstruction (following 353 years of Muslim occupation) completed sufficiently for its consecration to the Virgin Mary to take place.

In the 1080s, the 11th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • King George II abdicates the throne in favour of his 16-year-old son David IV ("the Builder") who becomes ruler of Georgia (until 1125).source
  • Northumbria is divided by King William II into the counties of Northumberland, County Palatine of Durham, Yorkshire, Westmorland and Lancashire.source

Conflict & Security

  • June 24 – Reconquista: Viscount Gaston IV of Béarn (supported by French crusaders) reconquers the Aragonese city of Monzón from Emir Al-Mustain II of the Taifa of Zaragoza.source

Religion & Belief

  • March 21 – Cîteaux Abbey, the first Cistercian monastery, is established by a group of French monks under Robert of Molesme in southern France.source
  • August 28 – Braga Cathedral in the County of Portugal has its reconstruction (following 353 years of Muslim occupation) completed sufficiently for its consecration to the Virgin Mary to take place.source
  • A church council, held in Constantinople, discuses relations between Eastern and Western Christianity.source
  • The Synod of Melfi, led by Pope Urban II (his first papal council), issues decrees against simony and clerical marriage.source

Climate & Environment

Culture & Society

  • August 18 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, marries Eupraxia of Kiev (daughter of Grand Prince Vsevolod I) at Cologne. She is crowned and assumes the name Adelaide (or Adelheid).source

Births

  • Richard de Luci, Norman High Sheriff of Essex (died 1179)source
  • Sigurd the Crusader, king of Norway (died 1130)source
  • Dahui Zonggao, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (died 1163)source
  • Mahsati, Persian female poet and writer (approximate date)source
  • Han Shizhong, Chinese general of the Northern Song dynasty (died 1151)source
  • Wulgrin II, count of Angoulême (approximate date)source
  • Berthold of Zwiefalten, German abbot and writer (died 1169) (approximate date)source
  • Abraham ibn Ezra, Jewish rabbi and philosopher (died 1167) (approximate date)source

Deaths

  • April 20 (possible date) – Demetrius Zvonimir, king of Croatia, dies after a 12-year reign, and is succeeded by Stephen II. Zvonimir's widow, Helena of Hungary, Queen of Croatia, plots the inheritance of the Croatian crown for her brother, King Ladislaus I of Hungary.source
  • April 20 (possible date) – Demetrius Zvonimir, king of Croatia and Dalmatiasource
  • May 24 – Lanfranc, Italian-born archbishop of Canterburysource
  • May 29/30 – Mah-i Mulk Khatun wife of caliph al-Muqtadi (r. 1075–1094).source
  • May 31 – Sigwin von Are, archbishop of Colognesource
  • October 6 – Adalbero, Prince-Bishop of Würzburgsource
  • November 11 – Peter Igneus, Italian cardinal-bishopsource
  • December 22 – William the Walloon, French abbotsource
  • Agnes of Aquitaine, French-born countess consort of Savoysource
  • Durandus of Troarn, French monk and theologiansource
  • Mieszko Bolesławowic, Polish prince of Krakówsource
  • Theobald III of Blois (or Thibaut), French noblemansource
  • Isaac ibn Ghiyyat, Spanish Jewish rabbi and philosophersource
  • Donnchad mac Domnaill Remair, Irish king of Dublin, killed (approximate date)source