Culture & Society in the 15th century

412 sourced entries, 1400 CE to 1499 CE, oldest first. Also see Culture & Society across every century or everything else in the 15th century.

• 1400April 23 – In what is now Romania, Alexandru cel Bun (Alexander the Good) is installed as the new Prince (Voivode) of Moldavia by Mircea the Elder, the Voivode of Wallachia, after Mircea removes the reigning monarch, Prince Iuga.source
• 1400July 26 – Jagiellonian University is re-established in Kraków by order of King Władysław II, with the creation of the Faculty of Theology at what is then called the Kraków Academy. The restoration is partially financed by the sale of jewelry owned by the King's late wife, Queen Jadwiga, who had died in 1399.source
• 1400December 21 – Manuel II Palaiologos becomes the only Byzantine Emperor ever to visit England, and is greeted at Blackheath by King Henry IV, who hosts the Emperor at Eltham Palace during the Christmas holiday.source
• 1400Jean Froissart completes his Chronicles, detailing the events of the 14th Century in France.source
• 1401January 6 – Rupert, King of Germany, is crowned King of the Romans at Cologne.source
• 1402January 29 – King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania Union answers the rumblings against his rule of Poland, by marrying Anna of Celje, a granddaughter of Casimir III of Poland.source
• 1402April 3 – King Henry IV of England is married by proxy to Joan of Navarre in a ceremony at the Eltham Palace near London.source
• 1402May 21 – Following the death of Queen Maria of Sicily, her husband Martin I of Sicily, now sole ruler, marries Blanche of Navarre by proxy. They marry in person on December 26.source
• 1402July 17 – The Ming dynasty prince Zhu Di of Yan is formally crowned as the Emperor Cheng Zu of Ming at Nanjing, marking the end of the Jingnan campaign.source
• 1402September 3 – Gian Maria Visconti becomes the second Duke of Milan upon the death of his father, Gian Galeazzo Visconti.source
• 1402The University of Würzburg is founded.source
• 1402Maria II Zaccaria succeeds her husband, Pedro de San Superano, as regent of the Principality of Achaea (modern-day southern Greece).source
• 1402The Gangnido map of the world is completed in Joseon dynasty Korea.source
• 1403April – Balša III succeeds his father Đurađ II as ruler of the Principality of Zeta (now Montenegro).source
• 1403June 3 – The coronation of Eleanor of Castile, wife of King Carlos III of Navarre, as Queen of Navarre takes place in Pamplona, now in Spain.source
• 1403August 5 – The coronation of Ladislaus of Naples as King of Hungary and Croatia takes place in Zara (now Zadar in Croatia), where Ladislaus had arrived on July 19. His reign lasts less than four months before he is deposed.source
• 1403Stephen de Bray, then Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, was granted the power to issue writs of novel disseisin.Irelandsource
• 1403The Garter, an ornament attached to the Great Sword of State of Dublin, was presented to the citizens of Dublin in 1403 by King Henry IV.Irelandsource
• 1404February 10 – Thomas of Lancaster, the second son of King Henry IV of England, becomes Admiral of the North and South succeeding Admiral Thomas Beaufort.source
• 1404April 27 – At Dijon, in France's Burgundian State, John the Fearless (Jean sans Peur), nephew of Charles VI of France, becomes the new Duke of Burgundy upon the death of his father, Philip the Bold.source
• 1404June 21 – The formal coronation of Owain Glyndŵr as Prince of Wales takes place at Harlech.source
• 1404The University of Turin is founded.source
• 1405January 19 – Upon the death of Prince Sigismund of Anhalt-Dessau (now within the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt in southeastern Germany), his four sons Waldemar IV, George, Albert V and Sigismund II become the joint rulers of the principality. Upon the death of Waldemar in 1417, Sigismund in 1452, and Albert in 1469, George I will reign alone for five more years until his death in 1474.source
• 1405December 6 – King Zsigmond of Hungary marries for the second time, in a wedding to Barbara of Cilli.source
• 1405Bellifortis, a book on military technology, is published by Konrad Kyeser.source
• 1405Christine de Pizan writes The Book of the City of Ladies.source
• 1405Unknown - Christine de Pizan writes The Book of the City of LadiesFrancesource
• 1406March 22 – On "Monday before the Annunciation", Prince James, the 10-year-old son of King Robert III of Scotland, is captured while being taken across the English Channel from Scotland to France when the ship he is on, Maryenknyght, by privateers Hugh atte Fen, William Oxeney, John Hacon and Nicholas Steyward of Cley. The crown prince is delivered to London where he is held hostage by King Henry IV of England for the next 18 years.source
• 1406July 15 – Ernst der Eiserne of the Habsburg line becomes the new Duke of Austria, specifically for Inner Austria comprising the duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, succeeding his father, the late Wilhelm the Courteous.source
• 1406December 25 – John II becomes King of Castile aged 21 months on the death of his father.source
• 1407March 1 – Persian astronomer and mathematician Jamshid al-Kashi completes his treatise Sullam al-sama ("The Ladder of the Sky")source
• 1407April 10 – After several invitations by the Emperor Cheng Zu of China, the lama Deshin Shekpa, the fifth Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism, finally visits the Emperor at Nanjing, the Ming dynasty. In his 22-day visit, the Karmapa thrills the Ming court with alleged miracles that are recorded in a gigantic scroll, translated into five different languages. In a show of mystical prowess, Deshin Shekpa adds legitimacy to a questionable succession to the throne by Cheng Zu, who had killed his nephew the Jianwen Emperor in the culmination of a civil war. For his services to the Ming court, including his handling of the ceremonial rites of Cheng Zu's deceased parents, Deshin Shekpa is awarded the title Great Treasure Prince of Dharma (大寶法王).source
• 1407December – The Yongle Encyclopedia, until the 21st century the largest encyclopedia of history, is completed in China after four years of work by 2,169 scholars at the Hanlin Academy and the Imperial University.source
• 1407David Holbache founds Oswestry School, in the Welsh Marches.source
• 1408September 16 – Thorstein Olafssøn marries Sigrid Bjørnsdatter in Hvalsey Church, in the last recorded event of the Norse history of Greenland.source
• 1408December 13 – The Order of the Dragon is founded under King Sigismund of Hungary.source
• 1408The Yongle Encyclopedia is completed.source
• 1409January 18 – The Decree of Kutná Hora strengthens the Bohemian nation at the cost of foreign, mostly German speaking students at the University of Prague. Over a thousand students leave Prague as a consequence, choosing instead the universities of Heidelberg and the new University of Leipzig established later in the year.source
• 1409December 2 – The University of Leipzig opens.source
• 1409December 9 – Louis II of Anjou founds the University of Aix-en-Provence.source
• 14099 December - Louis II of Anjou founds the University of AixFrancesource
• 1410January 31 – Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter becomes the new Lord Chancellor of England.source
• 1410April 15 – At the wedding in Gien of Charles, Duke of Orléans to Bonne of Armagnac, the most powerful nobles of France form the League of Gien, joining forces to fight the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, beginning a civil war that will last for 30 years.source
• 1411January 10 – At Anhilpur Patan in the modern-day state of Gujarat in India, Ahmad Shah I becomes the new Sultan of Gujarat upon the death of his grandfather, Muzaffar Shah I.source
• 1411June 3 – In Vienna, Friedrich IV, nicknamed "Friedrich of the Empty Pockets", becomes the new Duke of Further Austria upon the death of his older brother, Leopold the Fat.source
• 1411June 4 – The French city of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon is given exclusive rights by King Charles VI to the ripening and marketing of Roquefort cheese.source
• 1411June 4 - Charles VI grants a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon.Francesource
• 1411August 4 – Parameswara of Malacca (also identified as Bai-li-mi-su-la or Iskandar Shah), Sultan of Malacca in modern-day Malaysia, is hosted by the Ming court in China for the first of three banquets to honor his visit.source
• 1412January 25 – Ernest, Duke of Austria, marries Cymburgis of Masovia.source
• 1412April 12 – Albert V, son of the former King of Sweden, Duke Albert IV, becomes the Duke of Mecklenburg (part of modern-day Germany) upon the death of his father.source
• 1412August 14 – The Peace of Auxerre is signed between the Duchy of Burgundy and the Armagnacs, betrothing Philip, Count of Vertus, younger brother of the late Louis I, Duke of Orléans to marry Catherine of Burgundy, the daughter of John the Fearless. The marriage never takes place.source
• 1412The first mention is made of Wallachian knights competing in a jousting tournament, in Buda.source
• 1413March 21 – Henry, Prince of Wales becomes King Henry V of England the day after the death of his father Henry IV.source
• 1413May 31 – At Srinagar, Ali Shah Miri becomes the new Sultan of Kashmir in modern-day India, succeeding upon the death of his father, the Sultan Sikandar Shah Miri.source
• 1413June 10 – Ludwig becomes the new monarch of the German principality of Hesse upon the death of his father, Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse.source
• 1413December 18 – The betrothal ceremony of Prince Charles of France (age 10), son of King Charles VI, to Marie of Anjou (age 9), daughter of Louis, Duke of Anjou, takes place at the Palais du Louvre in Paris. The two will marry in 1422.source
• 1414February 11 – The coronation of Ferdinand I as King of Aragon takes place at Zaragoza.source
• 1414August 6 – Joanna II becomes the reigning Queen of Naples upon the death of her brother, King Ladislaus.source
• 1414November 8 – The coronation of Sigismund of Luxembourg as King of the Romans takes place at Aachen, four years after he had been elected.source
• 1414December 19 – In Poland, Casimir, Duke of Oświęcim takes full power as he reaches the age of 18.source
• 1414Ernest, Duke of Austria (head of the Leopoldian line of the House of Habsburg) is the last duke to be enthroned in the Duchy of Carinthia, according to the ancient Carantanian ritual of installing dukes at the Prince's Stone; he adopts the title of Archduke.source
• 1415March 29 – Barnaba Guano is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa.source
• 1415April 30 – Frederick I becomes Elector of Brandenburg.source
• 1415November 5 – In an attempt to resolve the Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict in Germany, Frederick I of Brandenburg pledges his 3-year-old daughter, Magadalene for a future marriage to Wartislaw IX, the 15-year-old Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast. Magdalene and Wartislaw marry other people after they grow up.source
• 1416May 3 – Unable to reach an agreement with France, King Sigismund of Germany travels to London, where he is welcomed by King Henry V of England.source
• 1416November 19 – At Nanjing, China's Emperor Cheng Zu bestows gifts at a grand ceremony to princes, civil officials, military officers, and the ambassadors of 18 countries.source
• 1417February 15 – In Korea, Grand Prince Yangnyeong of the Joseon Kingdom and heir to the throne, causes a scandal that ends any possibility of becoming the next King. Yangnyeong courts the wife of another official and attempts to bring here into the royal palace in Seoul, ending in his banishment from the royal household and being replaced on June 3, 1418.source
• 1417May 2 – Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, remarries less than year after the death of his wife Anna of Cilli, taking Elizabeth Granowska as his third wife in a ceremony at Sanok. Because the Polish nobles do not approve of the marriage, Elizabeth's coronation does not take place for six months.source
• 1418February 20 – At Srinagar, in what is now India, Zayn al-Abidin, already the vizier (Wazir) of the Kashmir Sultanate, is crowned as the new Sultan after he overthrows his older brother, the Sultan Ali Shah Miri.source
• 1418July 8 – Chungnyeong is named by his father, King Taejong of Korea, as the new heir to the throne as Grand Prince, replacing Yangnyeong.source
• 1418August 23 – Beatrice Lascaris di Tenda, Duchess of Milan as the wife of the Duke Filippo Maria Visconti, is secretly arrested for adultery and removed from the walled city of Milan while its gates are locked. On her husband's orders, she is transferred to the Castello Visconteo in nearby Binasco, where she, two of her maidens, and her lover, the troubadour Michele Orombelli, are tortured. Beatrice is beheaded on September 13, and her three accomplices are put to death on the same day.source
• 1418September 18 – Prince Yi Do, son of Korea's King Emeritus Taejong, is enthroned as King Sejong, and will make major reforms during his reign of more than 30 years.source
• 1418James FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Desmond deprived Thomas FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Desmond of his earldom and dispossess him for marrying far below his station. Catherine was the daughter of one of Thomas's dependants, William MacCormac, known as "the Monk of Feale." The marriage between a man of Norman ancestry and a woman of Gaelic blood was in violation of the Statutes of Kilkenny.Irelandsource
• 1418The Great Book of Lecan is completed at Enniscrone. (Started in 1397).Irelandsource
• 1419May 29 – King Henry V of England is betrothed to Princess Catherine of Valois, the 17-year-old daughter of King Charles VI of France, in negotiations in the neutral site of Pontoise, north of Paris, during a halt to hostilities in the war between the two kingdoms. Henry and Catherine will marry a little more than a year later, on June 2, 1420.source
• 1420June 2 – Catherine of Valois (daughter of Charles VI of France) is married to King Henry V of England.source
• 14202 June - Charles VI's daughter Catherine of Valois marries Henry V.Francesource
• 1420Luttrellstown Castle was completed.Irelandsource
• 1421January 19 – The coronation of John VIII Palaiologos as the Emperor of Byzantium, the "Eastern Roman Empire", takes place in Constantinople.source
• 1421April 12 – Hedwig Jagiellon, the 13-year-old daughter of and heiress presumptive to Wladyslaw II, King of Poland, is betrothed in a marriage contract to Prince Frederick, the 7-year-old son of Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg as part of an alliance between Poland and Brandenburg during the Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict. The marriage is scheduled to take place after November 19, 1427, when Prince Frederick is to be 14 years old, at which time he will live in Poland and become eligible to serve with Hedwig as ruler of Poland and Lithuania. The marriage will never take place, and the contract is annulled in 1424 when a male heir to the Polish throne, Wladyslaw, is born.source
• 1421September 12– In what is now South Korea, Taejong of Goryeo, King of Joseon from 1400 to 1418, then King Emeritus since 1418, is crowned as the first Grand King Emeritus of Joseon.source
• 1422December 18 – King Charles VII of France marries Marie of Anjou in a ceremony at Bourges.source
• 1423May 23 – The Sultan of Gujarat, Ahmad Shah I is finally able to return home to reassume the throne.source
• 1423June 13 – Hundred Years' War: John, Duke of Bedford marries Anne of Burgundy, strengthening the Anglo-Burgundian alliance against France.Francesource
• 1423August 2 – Ataullah Muhammad Shah I begins a 50-year reign as the Sultan of Kedah in what is now Malaysia, following the death of his father, Sulaiman Shah I, who had reigned for 50 years after becoming Sultan in 1373.source
• 1423September 28 – The English nobility swear their loyalty to King Henry VI.source
• 1424April 5 – King James returns to Scotland for the first time since 1406, after being escorted to the border along with his wife Joan Beaufort, Queen consort, by English and Scottish nobles.source
• 1424November 1 – Zhu Zhanji is designated as the Crown Prince of Ming dynasty China by his father, the Hongxi Emperor. The Emperor dies eight months later and Zhu Zhanji becomes the Xuande Emperor on June 27, 1425.source
• 1425February 27 – 11 days shy of his tenth birthday, Vasily II becomes the new Grand Prince of Moscow upon the death of his father, Vasily I of Moscow. Vasily II's mother, Sophia of Lithuania, serves as his regent.source
• 1425June 27 – Zhu Zhanji is formally enthroned as the Ming dynasty Emperor of China as the Emperor Xuanzong, beginning the Xuande Era.source
• 1425August 1 – In Germany, Frederick of Wettin is enfoeffed by Sigismund, King of the Germans at Ofen as the new Elector of Saxonysource
• 1425December 9 – The Old University of Leuven, Belgium is founded.source
• 1425Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi's critical history of Persia, Zafar Nama, is completed under the auspices of Mirza Ibrahim Sultan, grandson of Timur.source
• 1426February 8 – The Xuande Era begins in Ming dynasty China as the first Lunar New Year of the reign of the Emperor Xuanzong.source
• 1426Eunuch-dominated secret police start to control the palace guards and imperial workshops, infiltrate the civil service, and head all foreign missions in China.source
• 1427June 27 – John III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard, is released from imprisonment after swearing an oath of allegiance to John, Margrave of Brandenburg.source
• 1427The Celebration of Sant Jordi (Saint George) begins in Catalonia (he will later become its patron saint).source
• 1428February 20 – Zhu Qizhen, son of China's Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, is named as the Crown Prince of Ming dynasty China by his father. He will become the Emperor Yingzong of Ming in 1435.source
• 1429July 17 – The Dauphin is crowned as King Charles VII of France in Rheims.source
• 142917 July – Charles VII is crowned as King of France at the traditional site of Reims.Francesource
• 1429August 28 – Mehmed Nizamüddin is appointed the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire by the Sultan Murad II.source
• 1429October 19 – Princess Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King João I, departs her homeland, accompanied by a flotilla of 20 ships and 2,000 Portuguese troops and royal officials, to make the voyage to the Duchy of Burgundy, where she is to formally marry Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. Because of storms, the voyage takes more than two months.source
• 1429December 25 – Princess Isabella arrives at Sluys in Burgundy after storms have sunk many of the 20 ships that had been in her convoy that had left on October 19 from Portugal. She disembarks the next day to meet Philip.source
• 1430January 7 – Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, marries Isabella of Portugal.source
• 14307 January – Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, marries Isabella of Portugal.Francesource
• 1430January 10 – Philip the Good founds the Order of the Golden Fleece.source
• 143010 January – Philip the Good founds the Order of the Golden Fleece.Francesource
• 1430June 14 – William Waynflete becomes vicar of Skendleby, Lincolnshire.source
• 1430December 23 – Seven months after her capture at Compiegne, Joan of Arc is moved from the castle of Le Crotoy to the tower at the Rouen Castle.source
• 1431April 5 – In Germany, Jacob of the House of Zähringen becomes the new Margrave of Baden-Baden upon the death of his father, Bernard I.source
• 1431December 16 – Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre-Dame de Paris.source
• 143116 December – Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre-Dame de ParisFrancesource
• 1431Nezahualcoyotl is crowned Tlatoani of the Kingdom of Texcoco.source
• 1431The University of Poitiers is founded.source
• 1431Unknown – The University of Poitiers is founded.Francesource
• 1432January 1 – Iliaș succeeds his father as Prince of Moldavia.source
• 1432June 29 – At Nicosia John II becomes King of Cyprus upon the death of his father, King Janus.source
• 1432September 1 – With the departure of Švitrigaila, Sigismund Kęstutaitis is installed as the new Grand Duke of Lithuania.source
• 1432The Université de Caen is founded.source
• 1432The first baccalaureate service is believed to have originated at the University of Oxford.source
• 1432Unknown – The University of Caen is founded in NormandyFrancesource
• 1433February 8 – Vasily II, Grand Prince of Moscow, is married to Maria Yaroslavna of Borovsk, but at the wedding banquet, he enters a quarrel with his uncle, Yury Dmitrievich. The argument leads to the Battle on the River Klyazma on April 25.source
• 1434August 16 – King Eric of Pomerania is deposed from the Swedish throne at a meeting in Vadstena, though he still retains power in Denmark and Norway.source
• 1434October 21 – The University of Catania is founded in Italy.source
• 1434November 12 – René of Anjou becomes the new Count of Provence and Duke of Anjou, as well as a claimant to the title of King of Naples, upon the death of his brother, Louis III.source
• 1434Jan van Eyck paints the Arnolfini Portrait.source
• 14352 February – The French-born René of Anjou becomes King of Naples upon the death of his predecessor queen Joanna II of Naples.Francesource
• 1435March 15 – Stjepan Vukčić Kosača becomes the new Grand Duke of Bosnia upon the death of his uncle, Sandalj Hranić.source
• 1436June 25 – Scottish princess Margaret Stewart marries the future French king Louis XI in Tours.source
• 1436June 25 – The Incorporated Guild of Smiths in Newcastle upon Tyne (England) is founded.source
• 143625 June - Scottish princess Margaret Stewart marries the future Louis XI in ToursFrancesource
• 1436October 6 – The University of Turin, originally created in 1404 is re-established in Turin in Italy after having been absent since 1427. Prince Ludovico of Savoy grants ducal licenses to set up colleges of Law, of Arts and Medicine, and of Theology.source
• 1436In Ming dynasty China, the inauguration of the Zhengtong-era Emperor Yingzong of Ming takes place.source
• 1437April 23 – Malmö, at this time in Denmark, receives its current coat of arms.source
• 1437November 1 – On All Saints Day, five weeks before his 16th birthday, King Henry VI of England has a second coronation ceremony at Merton Priory, near London. Henry had previously been crowned in 1429 at Westminster at the age of seven.source
• 1437Ulugh Beg's Zij-i Sultani star catalogue is published.source
• 1437Last entry from Mac Carthaigh's BookIrelandsource
• 1438January 1 – Albert II of Habsburg is crowned as King of Hungary at Székesfehérvár.source
• 1438June 29 – The coronation of Albert II of Habsburg as King of Bohemia takes place in Prague.source
• 1438August 5 - Rao Bika, the founder and first ruler of the Rathore Princely Kingdom Bikaner is born to Rani Narandeji Sankhla & Rao Jodha of Jodhpur.source
• 1439February 17 – In the Duchy of Cieszyn in Poland, Duke Wenceslaus I marries Elisabeth of Hohenzollern, the daughter of the Elector of Brandenburg, Friedrich.source
• 143911 June - Catherine of France, Countess of Charolais is betrothed to Charles the Bold of Burgundy. They marry the following year.Francesource
• 1439June 24 – Sigismund of Habsburg becomes the new Duke of Austria upon the death of his father, Frederick IV.source
• 1439September 20 – In the modern-day Indian state of Rajasthan, Raja Udharan becomes the new King of Amber upon the death of the Raja Banbir.source
• 1439At the Portuguese Cortes, Peter, Duke of Coimbra is appointed Regent of the Kingdom.source
• 1440February 22 – Four months after the death of King Albert of Hungary, his son, Ladislaus the Posthumous, is born at Komárom (modern-day Komárno in Slovakia) to Albert's widow, Elisabeth, regent for the vacant throne. Elizabeth argues to the Hungarian nobles that Ladislaus should be elected as the rightful successor to King Albert, and that she should serve as the boy's regent.source
• 1440April 9 – Christopher of Bavaria is elected King of Denmark.source
• 1440May 15 – Elizabeth of Luxembourg, regent for the vacant throne of Hungary, has her infant son, Ladislaus the Posthumous, crowned king at Székesfehérvár with the stolen Crown of Saint Stephen.source
• 1440June 29 – The Diet of Hungary approves a resolution declaring the coronation of Ladislaus as King of Hungary to be invalid, declaring that "the crowning of kings is always dependent on the will of the kingdom's inhabitants, in whose consent both the effectiveness and the force of the crown reside".source
• 1440July 17 – Wladyslaw III, King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania, is crowned as King László I of Hungary at the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Székesfehérvár.source
• 1440September 12 – Eton College, one of the most famous boarding schools for boys in England, is founded by King Henry VI as "Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore".source
• 1440September 13 – Christopher of Bavaria, King Christopher III of Denmark, is formally enthroned as King Kristofer I of Sweden, bringing an end to the regency of Karl Knutsson Bonde.source
• 1440Zhu Quan writes the Cha Pu ("Tea Manual") in China.source
• 1441February 12 – King's College, Cambridge, is founded by King Henry VI of England.source
• 1441February 25 – Elizabeth of Luxembourg, widow of the late King Albert of Hungary presents the Crown of St. Stephen to Frederick, King of Germany and invites him to take the throne, although Hungary's nobles had elected King Władysław III of Poland as King Laszlo of Hungary.source
• 1441April 1 – Prince Carlos of Viana legally becomes the King of Navarre in Spain upon the death of his mother, Queen Blanca, who had ruled since 1425.source
• 14417 June - The University of Bordeaux is foundedFrancesource
• 1441September 13 — The coronation of King Christopher II of Denmark as King Cristoffer of Sweden takes place in Uppsala.source
• 1441October 25 – In accordance with the proposals for the Peace of Cremona to end the war between Venice and Milan, Francesco I Sforza of Venice marries Bianca Maria Visconti, daughter of the Duke of Milan. An Italian tradition credits the creation of nougat to the celebration of the wedding.source
• 1442April 6 – Thihathu is enthroned as the new Burmese King Narapati I of Ava.source
• 1442June 4 – Erik III is deposed as King of Norway and the nobles vote to invite King Christopher of Sweden to become the new monarch.source
• 1442June 8 – In China, Qian marries the 14-year-old Emperor Yingzong of Ming and becomes the primary Empress Consort.source
• 1442July 2 – The coronation of King Christopher of Sweden and Denmark as King of Norway takes place in Oslo.source
• 1442August 29 – Fransez I becomes the new Duke of Brittany upon the death of his father, Yann V. Princess Isabella of Scotland, who had been part of a contract to marry Jean V, arranges to marry Francis Isource
• 1442October 18 – The University of Ferrara is reopened in Italy, after having been closed for 48 years.source
• 1442Jelena Balšić completes writing the Gorički zbornik manuscripts at her church of St. Mary, on the island of Beška in the Serbian Despotate.source
• 1442A fourth tower is added to Liverpool Castle in England.source
• 1442The municipality of Juva, Finland is founded.source
• 1443January 1 – The coronation of Christoffer III as King of Denmark and of his wife Dorothea of Brandenburg, as Queen Consort, took place at the Vor Frue Maria Dormkirke in Ribe, nearly three years after he had first claimed the throne on April 9, 1440.source
• 1443February 26 – The Spanish monarch, King Alfonso V of Aragon, makes a triumphant entrance into the city of Naples in order to assume the throne of the Kingdom of Naples.source
• 1443March 11 – At the age of 16 months old, Charlotte of Savoy, daughter of Louis, Duke of Savoy, is betrothed in a ceremony to Frederick III of the House of Wettin, the 4-year-old son of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony. No marriage takes place, however, and Charlotte will marry the Crown Prince of France in 1451.source
• 1444June 15 – Cosimo de' Medici founds a public library at San Marco, Florence.source
• 144421 June - James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, held a meeting of the Great Council at Drogheda.Irelandsource
• 1444Stephen II of Moldavia takes as co-ruler his step brother Petru, also brother-in-law to John Hunyadi.source
• 1445September 12 – In a royal wedding at the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen, King Christoffer III of Denmark (who also rules Sweden and Norway) marries Dorothea of Brandenburg, daughter of John the Alchemist, Margrave of Brandenburg. After King Christoffer's death in 1448, Dorothea marries King Christian I of Denmark in 1449.source
• 1445September 14 – Queen consort Dorothea is crowned as "Queen of the Union of the Three Kingdoms" (kronet som unionsdronning af de tre kongeriger) in a ceremony at Copenhagen two days after her marriage to King Christoffer, who levies a series of taxes to pay for the expense.source
• 1446April 7 – In England, Thomas de Ashton and Edmund de Trafford, both knights of Lancashire, are granted special dispensation by King Henry VI to use their research in alchemy to transmute substances into precious metals.source
• 1446July 28 – The compilation of the Alfonsine Ordinances, the first codification of the laws of the Kingdom of Portugal, is completed by Rui Fernandes of Almada and given to Dom Pedro de Coimbra, the regent for King Afonso V.source
• 1447May 6 – In a royal wedding at Lisbon, King Afonso V of Portugal is married to his first cousin, Princess Isabel of Coimbra, when both of them are 15 years old. Isabel is the daughter of Afonso's uncle, Dom Pedro, Duke of Coimbra, who continues to serve as the regent for King Afonso.source
• 1447June 25 – Kazimieras Jogailaitis, Grand Duke of Lithuania since 1440, is crowned King of Poland as Casimir IV Jagiellon, bringing an end to an interregnum that had existed since 1444 when Casimir's brother King Wladyslaw III had left Poland to fight in a Crusade against the Ottoman Turks.source
• 1447August 14 – As competition begins over who will inherit the right to rule the Duchy of Milan, members of the University of Pavia proclaim the Golden Ambrosian Republic (Aurea Repubblica Ambrosiana), ruled by a 12-member council, the Capitani della Libertà (Captains of Liberty), led by professor Giorgio Lampugnano.source
• 1447September 15 – Roman II seizes the throne of Moldavia after killing his uncle, Stephen II, and makes plans to enlist his other uncle, Petru as co-ruler.source
• 14479 December – Richard, Duke of York is appointed as the King's representative in Ireland.Englandsource
• 1447December 16 – Lodovico di Campofregoso becomes the Doge of the Republic of Genoa, succeeding his older brother, Giano I, who had taken office "for lifesource
• 1447Unknown – Wye College is founded in Kent.Englandsource
• 1447Unknown - Joan, daughter of Charles VII, marries John, Duke of BourbonFrancesource
• 1448April 15 – Queens' College, Cambridge is founded by Margaret of Anjou.source
• 1448July 2 – Catherine Karlsdotter, daughter of Karl Ormsson Gumsehuvud and wife of King Karl VIII of Sweden, is crowned as Queen consort of Sweden.source
• 1448October 10 – The Hungarian commander Ciubăr Vodă briefly becomes Prince of Moldavia after the death of Petru III, and governs until Alexăndrel of Moldavia takes the throne in December.source
• 1448The Sunday Fairs Act is passed.Englandsource
• 1448Earliest known reference to Morris dancing in England.Englandsource
• 1448The Worshipful Company of Haberdashers receives its royal charterEnglandsource
• 1448Queen Margaret of Anjou founds Queens' College, Cambridge.Englandsource
• 1449February – Alexăndrel seizes the throne of Moldavia, with the support of the boyars.source
• 1449June 8 – The Pas de la Bergère tournament, later the subject of a poem by Louis de Beauvau, finishes after six days at Tarascon on the island of Jarnègues at the estate of the Duke René of Anjou.source
• 1449October 12 – Prince Alexăndrel is replaced as Prince of Moldavia by Bogdan II.source
• 1449December 15 – The Ottoman Empire Sultan Mehmed II marries Sittişah Hatun, daughter of Suleiman of Dulkadir, in an elaborate ceremony at Edirne, followed by three months of celebrations.source
• 1450February 7 – John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, marries Lady Margaret Beaufort.source
• 1450March 25 – Francesco I Sforza becomes the Duke of Milan, restoring the Duchy of Milan and bringing an end to the Golden Ambrosian Republic that had governed Milan.source
• 1450April 8 – At the Korean capital of Hanseong, Munjong of Joseon becomes the new King of Korea upon the death of his father, Sejong the Great.source
• 1450August 2 – The coronation of Christian I of Denmark as King of Norway takes place at Trondheim.source
• 1450November 3 – The University of Barcelona is founded by the grant of King Alfonso V of Aragon.source
• 1450A religious sacrifice of over a hundred children is performed around this time, outside of the ancient city of Chan Chan (near modern Trujillo), on the north coast of Peru.source
• 1451February 14 – Louis XI marries Charlotte of Savoy.source
• 145114 February – The future Louis XI marries Charlotte of Savoy .Francesource
• 1452February – Alexăndrel retakes the throne of Moldavia, in his long struggle with Petru Aron.source
• 1452April 27 – George of Poděbrady is elected as regent of Bohemia until King Ladislaus of Hungary reaches the age of majority.source
• 1452July 26 – The University of Valence is founded in France by the Dauphin Louis, son of King Charles VII. The university lasts for 330 years until being closed during the French Revolution.source
• 1453February 28 – René of Anjou, the Duke of Lorraine since 1431 and former King of Naples, turns control of the Duchy of Lorraine to his son, Jean II, Duke of Calabria.source
• 1453August 24 – With 700 men in his command, Thomas Percy, son of the Earl of Northumberland, attacks the wedding party of Thomas Neville, son of the Earl of Salisbury, and Maud Stanhope at Heworth, York.source
• 1453October 28 – At the age of 12, Ladislaus the Posthumous is crowned at Prague as the King of Bohemia.source
• 145417 February – The Feast of the Pheasant takes place in Lille.Francesource
• 1454June 19 – In Poland, Königsberg (now Kaliningrad in Russia) pledges its allegiance to Casimir IV with the city's Chancellor, Jan Taszka Koniecpolski, delivering the oath on behalf of the estates and cities of Lower Prussia.source
• 1454July 21 – At Valladolid, Enrique IV is proclaimed as the new King of Castile on the day after the death of his father, King Juan II.source
• 1454August 22 – In Moldavia, Petru Aron retakes the throne from Alexăndrel.source
• 1455February 24 – Alexăndrel of Moldavia retakes the position of Prince of Moldavia after forcing out Petru Aron.source
• 1455June 25 – Prince João, the new son of King Afonso V of Portugal, is approved as the heir to the throne by the representatives of the three estates of the realm (nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie) in the Portuguese Cortes at Lisbon.source
• 145519 November – The Duke of York is reinstated as Lord Protector, acting as regent for the King.Englandsource
• 145617 August – Due to the political turbulence, the court moves to Coventry; Kenilworth Castle is strengthened as the King's principal residence.Englandsource
• 1456October 17 – The University of Greifswald is established, making it the second oldest university in Northern Europe. Due to border changes, from 1648 to 1815 it is the oldest in Sweden, and from 1815 to 1945 the oldest in Prussia.source
• 145728 January – Margaret Beaufort gives birth to Henry Tudor the future King at Pembroke Castle in WalesEnglandsource
• 1457March 1 – Prince Zhu Jianshen is designated as the heir to the Chinese throne by his father, the Emperor Yingzong.source
• 1457Albrechts University is founded at Freiburg im Breisgau.source
• 1458January 24 – Matthias Corvinus becomes king of Hungary, at age 14.source
• 1458March 25 – The Loveday is staged in London, by which Henry VI of England attempts to unite the warring factions who have triggered the Wars of the Roses.source
• 145825 March – The Love Day is staged in London, by which Henry VI of England attempts to unite the warring factions who have triggered the Wars of the RosesEnglandsource
• 1458April 19 – In Bohemia, a group of Silesian princes and city rulers form an alliance against the new King, George of Podebrady. Within a year, the resistance is dropped and the Silesian princes pay homage to King George.source
• 1458July 15 – Magdalen College, Oxford, is founded.source
• 145815 July – foundation of Magdalen College, Oxford.Englandsource
• 1458December 26 – François II becomes the new Duke of Brittany upon the death of his uncle Arthur de Richemont.source
• 1458Magdalen College was founded in the University of Oxford, England.source
• 1458Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester marries Joan, widow of Christopher Lord KilleenIrelandsource
• 1459February 3 – The coronation of François II as Duke of the semi-independent Duchy of Brittany takes place in Nantes.source
• 1459According to a legend, the wedding of Christian Rosenkreuz takes place.source
• 1460February 29 – Johann IV and his brother Sigismund of the House of Wittelsbach become the joint rulers of "Bavaria-Munich", one of several smaller states that had been fragmented from the original Duchy of Bavaria, upon the death of their father, Albrecht III the Pious. Albrecht III's third son, Albrecht IV, will reunite Bavaria-Munich with the other states (Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Straubing) into a single Duchy of Bavaria in 1503.source
• 1460April 4 – The University of Basel is founded in Switzerland.source
• 14604 April - The University of Nantes is foundedFrancesource
• 1460Unknown - The Collège Sainte-Barbe is established in ParisFrancesource
• 1461June 28 – Edward, Richard of York's son, is crowned as Edward IV, King of England. He reigns until 1483.source
• 1461August 15 – The coronation of Louis XI as King of France takes place at Reims.source
• 1461November 17 – The coronation of Stephen Tomašević as the King of Bosnia takes place at Saint Mary's Church at Jajce.source
• 1461François Villon writes Le Grand Testament.source
• 1462April 3 – Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, and Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, come to an agreement to return the Crown of St. Stephen to Hungary in return for payment of 80,000 florins, and recognizing Matthias as King.source
• 1462Glenquin Castle, is a tower house and National Monument located in County Limerick. Built by the Ó hAilgheanáin (O'Hallinans) in 1462, on the site of an older building dating back to AD 983.Irelandsource
• 1463February 22 – At the University of Cambridge in England, Henry Abyngdon becomes the first person in the world to receive a degree of Bachelor of Musicsource
• 1463July 30 – In India, Muhammad Shah III Lashkari becomes the new ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate upon the death of his older brother, the Sultan Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III at Bidar (now in the state of Karnataka)source
• 1464February 23 – Prince Zhu Jianshen becomes the new Ming dynasty Emperor of China, taking the regnal name Emperor Xianzong upon the death of his father, the Emperor Yingzong of Ming. His reign is subsequently designated as the Chenghua Era.source
• 1464March 25 – The coronation ceremony of Matthias Hunyadi as King Mátyás I of Hungary takes place in Székesfehérvár as Dénes Szécsi places the Crown of Saint Stephen on the King's head. Corvinus has reigned for more than six years at the time of his formal coronation.source
• 1464May 1 – Edward IV of England secretly marries Elizabeth Woodville, and keeps the marriage a secret for five months afterwards.source
• 1464September 7 – At Leipzig, Ernest, Landgrave of Thuringia, 23, becomes the new Elector of Saxony upon the death of his father, Friederich II, while his younger brother Albert III, 21, succeeds his father as the new Duke of Saxony.source
• 1464Jehan Lagadeuc writes a Breton-French-Latin dictionary called the Catholicon. It is the first French dictionary as well as the first Breton dictionary of world history, and it will be published in 1499.source
• 1465January 29 – Amadeus IX becomes Duke of Savoy.source
• 1465March 25 – Queens' College, Cambridge, dormant since 1447, is re-established on the campus of the University of Cambridge by the queen consort of England, Elizabeth Woodville, with the official name of "the College of St. Margaret and St. Bernard in the University of Cambridge."source
• 1465April 27 – Nobility in the Castilian city of Plasencia declare that they will consider King Enrique IV deposed, four months after the Liga Nobiliaria had issued an ultimatum to the King.source
• 1465May – John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, is appointed as deputy lieutenant of Ireland by King Edward IV.Irelandsource
• 1465June 5 – The Farce of Ávila takes place in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain as noblemen in Ávila declare that King Enrique IV is deposed and that they will only recognize his half-brother, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, as their monarch. King Enrique, who was the subject of a similar deposition in Plasencia on April 27, continues his reign of the rest of the kingdom from Madrid.source
• 1465July 24 – Henry of Lancaster, the former King Henry VI of England, is imprisoned in the Tower of London by order of King Edward IV. His queen consort Margaret of Anjou and Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, have fled to France.source
• 1465September 29 – King Ferrante of Naples creates the award Order of the Ermine (L’Ordre de l’Hermine)source
• 1465The League of the Public Weal was establishedFrancesource
• 1467June 15 – Philip the Good is succeeded as Duke of Burgundy, by Charles the Bold.source
• 146715 June – Philip the Good is succeeded as Duke of Burgundy, by Charles the Bold.Francesource
• 1467November 12 – Regent of Sweden Erik Axelsson Tott supports the re-election of deposed Charles VIII of Sweden to the throne.source
• 1467King Matthias Corvinus founds the first university in Slovakia, the Universitas Istropolitana in Bratislava.source
• 1467Juan de Torquemada's book, Meditationes, seu Contemplationes devotissimae, is published.source
• 1468March 14 – King Edward IV ratifies the treaty permitting his sister to marry the Duke of Burgundysource
• 14681 April – Meeting of the Estates General in Tours.Francesource
• 1468July 24 – (5th waxing of Wagaung, 830 ME) At Pyay (now in Myanmar) Thihathura of Ava becomes the new Burmese King of Ava upon the death of his father, Narapati I of Ava.source
• 1468July 30 – Catherine Cornaro is married by proxy to James II of Cyprus, beginning the Venetian conquest of Cyprus.source
• 1468September 8 – The Orkney Islands are pledged to Scotland by King Christian I of Kingdom of Norway in consideration of an agreement for the marriage of 16-year-old King James III of Scotland to Princess Margrete, King Christian's daughter, with the islands pledged as security against the payment of the dowry. As the money is never paid, the connection with the crown of Scotland becomes perpetual.source
• 1468September 9 – At Hanseong, Prince Yi Hwang of the Joseon dynasty becomes the new King of Korea, taking the regnal name Yejong, upon the death of his father, King Sejo.source
• 1469May 3 – At Olomouc, Hungarian King Matyáš Korvín is elected by the Czech Catholic estates to be the King of Bohemia and his rule is accepted by the occupied regions of Moravia, Silesia and Lusatia, though the other Bohemian estates remain loyal to the Bohemian King Jiří z Poděbrad.source
• 1469October 19 – Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile in Valladolid, bringing about a dynastic union.source
• 1469November 9 – King Louis XI, having taken back the Duchy of Normandy from the control of his inept younger brother, Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry, pledges at Rouen that the Duchy will never be ceded again. In a ceremony before the Exchequer of Normandy, the Duchy's administrative court, King Louis places the ducal ring (symbolic of the office as a ring worn by the Duke) upon an anvil and the ring is smashed.source
• 1470January 21 – Jacquetta of Luxembourg, mother of England's Queen Consort Elizabeth Woodville and mother-in-law of King Edward IV, is cleared of allegations of witchcraft that had been made against her in 1469 by a follower of the rebel Earl of Warwick.source
• 1470June 1 – Sten Sture is recognised as the new King of Sweden by the estates.source
• 1470October 3 – The Earl of Warwick releases King Henry VI of England from imprisonment in the Tower of London, and restores him to the throne.source
• 1470Sir George Ripley dedicates his book, The Compound of Alchemy, to the King Edward IV of England.source
• 1470Johann Heynlin and Guillaume Fichet privately establish the first printing press at the Sorbonne University. They print Gasparino Barzizza's Epistolarum Liber, the first book printed in France.Francesource
• 1471January 4 – Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy agrees to help Edward IV regain the English throne from King Henry VI.source
• 1471January 4 – Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy agrees to help Edward IV regain the throne of England from King Henry VI.Francesource
• 1471January 22 – At age 15, Prince João of Aviz, the eldest son of King Afonso V, marries his 12-year-old first cousin, Leonor de Avis. Both are grandchildren of King Duarte I of Portugal.source
• 1471August 22 – Vladislav Jagellion is crowned as King of Bohemia at Prague.source
• 1471September 21 – After making his way to Prague, convening a session of the Bohemian Diet and making promises to members of the nobility, Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus receives vows of loyalty from more than 50 Bohemian nobles, who agree to support Matthias's claim to be King of Bohemia rather than to accept the rule of Prince Casimir of Poland.source
• 1471Marsilio Ficino's translation of the Corpus Hermeticum into Latin, De potestate et sapientia Dei, is published.source
• 1472April 11 – The first printed edition of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy is published in Foligno.source
• 1472June 1 – Sophia Palaiologina is married by proxy to the ruler of Russia, Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, in a ceremony at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, with his trusted emissary Ivan Fryazin serving as the proxy.source
• 1472June – Leonardo da Vinci is admitted as a master in his own right to the artists' Guild of Saint Luke in Florence. An entry is made in the register of the Compagnia di San Luca reading "Anno Domini 1472— Leonardo, son of Ser Piero da Vinci, painter, to pay the sum of 6 sol, for the whole month of June 1472, for the remittance of his debt to the Company until July 1472... and to pay for the whole of November 1472, 5 sol due on 18 October 1472."source
• 1473February 12 – The first complete inside edition of Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine (Latin translation) is published in Milan.source
• 1473March 17 – An heir to the throne of Scotland is born to Queen Margaret and King James III. Prince James of the House of Stewart will become King James IV at the age of 15 in 1488.source
• 1473July 27 – René II, Count of Vaudémont becomes the new Duke of Lorraine, at the time an independent principality within the Holy Roman Empire, upon the death of his cousin, Nicholas I. after his mother, the Duchess Yolande gives up her rights to the throne.source
• 1473October 7 – At Trier, Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, hosts an elaborate banquet for the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and various prince-electors of the electorates within the Empire, ostensibly to work towards a common union of nations to begin a new crusade against the Ottomans, but offends most of his guests because of his arrogant ambition.source
• 1473October 18 – Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria becomes the first of the guests to walk out of the Duke of Burgundy banquet.source
• 1473Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond, pardoned for his loyalties during the Wars of the RosesIrelandsource
• 14733 November – Peter II, Duke of Bourbon married Anne of France.Francesource
• 1473November 4 – The negotiators for Burgundy and the Holy Roman Empire tentatively agree on creating a Kingdom of Burgundy, ruled by Charles the Bold, that would become a member of the Empire and that would include Burgundy, Holland, Luxembourg, Savoy, Lorraine and other parts of what are now the Netherlands, Belgium and France. A coronation ceremony for Charles as King of Burgundy is tentatively scheduled to take place on November 25.source
• 1473November 25 – On the day set for the scheduled coronation at Trier of Charles the Bold as King of Burgundy, Charles learns that the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick had changed his mind and left overnight, and that the ceremony will never take place.source
• 1473December 7 – The first-known printed book about child care, Kinderbüchlein, is published by German physician Bartholomäus Metlinger.source
• 1474May 28 – The English royal title of Duke of York is created by King Edward IV for his second-born son, Prince Richard. Thereafter, the title of Duke of York is reserved for the second son of the English monarch, while the title of Prince of Wales is reserved for the first-born son.source
• 1474October 14 – King Ferdinand of Naples sends his son, Prince Frederick, to Burgundy in hopes of an alliance between the Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Burgundy to be secured by Frederick's marriage to Mary of Burgundy, daughter of the Duke, Charles the Bold. The proposal is rejected by Burgundy.source
• 1474December 26 – The betrothal of the son of King James III of Scotland and King Edward IV of England is formalized by proxy. After King Edward dies, the planned marriage is called off by the new monarch, Richard III.source
• 1475January 15 – At Madrid, Queen Isabella I of Castile, who had been crowned on December 11, declares her husband Prince Fernando de Aragón to be the joint ruler with her, and is proclaimed as King Fernando V of Castile. Fernando, the oldest son and heir to the throne of King Juan II of Aragon, will make Isabella co-ruler of Aragon when he ascends the throne upon his father's death in 1479.source
• 1475November 14 – The original Landshut Wedding takes place, between George, Duke of Bavaria, and Hedwig Jagiellon.source
• 1475Conrad of Megenberg's book, Buch der Natur, is published in Augsburg.source
• 1476March 5 – Andrea Vendramin is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Venice.source
• 14768 September – The future Louis XII marries his cousin Joan of FranceFrancesource
• 1476December 22 – Beatrice of Naples marries Mathias Corvinus at Székesfehérvár, 10 days after her coronation as Queen Consort of Bohemia and Queen Consort of Hungary.source
• 1477February 27 – Uppsala University is founded, becoming the first university in Sweden and all of Scandinavia.source
• 1477August 18 – Mary, Duchess of Burgundy, marries Prince Maximilian, son of the Holy Roman Emperor, in Ghent, bringing her Flemish and Burgundian lands into the Holy Roman Empire, and detaching them from France.source
• 1477September 14 – King Ferrante of Napoli marries Princess Juana, daughter of the Spanish King John II of Aragon and Navarre after being brought to Naples by King Ferrante's son Prince Alfonso, Duke of Calabria.source
• 1477October 9 – The University of Tübingen, one of the 11 German Excellence Universities, is founded in Württemberg by Count Eberhard I.source
• 1477November 18 – William Caxton produces Earl Rivers' translation into English of Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres, at his press in Westminster, the first full-length book printed in England on a printing press.source
• 1478January 15 – The wedding of Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, the 4-year-old son of King Edward IV of England to Anne de Mowbray, the 5-year-old daughter of the Count of Norfolk, takes place in England.source
• 1478October 4 – The University of Copenhagen is established by decree of King Christian I, who sets down the rules and laws to govern the institution.source
• 1478Mondino de Liuzzi's Anathomia corporis humani, the first complete published anatomical text, is first printed (in Padua).source
• 1479January 28 – Leonor de Trastamara, who had served as regent of the Kingdom of Navarre in Spain during the absence of her father, Juan II, is crowned at Tudela. She dies 15 days later at the age of 53.source
• 1479February 12 – Francisco Febo becomes the King of Navarre at the age of 11 upon the death of his grandmother, Queen Leonor (whose late son Gaston de Foix was Francisco's father). Francisco's mother, Magdalena of Valois, serves as regent.source
• 1479July 21 – The Peace of Olomouc is ratified by King Matthias and King Vladislaus during festivities in Olomouc.source
• 1480January 3 – King Louis XI buys the succession rights to the Duchy of Brittany from the Countess Nicole de Châtillon for 50,000 livressource
• 14803 January – King Louis XI buys the succession rights to the Duchy of Brittany for 50,000 livres.Francesource
• 1480June 20 – The Senate of the Republic of Venice votes to approve the transfer of ownership of the island of Santorini (now the Greek island of Thera) to Domenico Pisani. The island was the dowry given to Pisani for the marriage of Fiorenza Crispo, by Firenzo's father, Giacomo III Crispo, Duke of the Archipelago, a set of 18 of the 20 inhabited Cyclades islands in the Aegean Sea.source
• 1480November 3 – Ludovico Sforza succeeds his sister-in-law, Bona of Savoy, as regent of Milan for his 12-year-old nephew Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Bona's son and the Duke of Milan.source
• 1480Magdalen College School, Oxford, is established by William Waynflete.source
• 1481December 10 – With the death of Duke Charles IV of Anjou, Anjou reverts to the French crown under Louis XI, as does the Provence, which until then was part of the Holy Roman Empire.source
• 1483January 7 – At Pau (now part of France), Queen Catalina becomes the new ruler of Navarre at the age of 14, upon the death of her older brother, the 15-year-old King Francisco Febo. Their mother, Magdalena of Valois, continues as regent of Navarre.source
• 1483January 8 – Following the appointment of the Duke of Albany as Lieutenant-General of the Realm, King James III of Scotland is restored to the throne after having been captured in battle on July 22, 1482.source
• 1483May 18 – The coronation of Hans of Oldenburg as King of Denmark takes place at the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen.source
• 1483May 19 – King Edward V moves into the Tower of London, the traditional residence of monarchs prior to a coronation. King Edward's coronation had recently been rescheduled for June 25.source
• 1483June 16 – Richard, Duke of York, the younger brother of King Edward V, arrives at the Tower of London.source
• 1483June 25 – On the day of his scheduled coronation, 12-year-old King Edward V is deposed by his uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who is acclaimed by the English Parliament as King Richard III.source
• 1483August 30 – Charles VIII becomes the new King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XI.source
• 148330 August – Louis XI's eldest daughter, Anne, becomes regent on Charles VIII's behalf.Francesource
• 1483September 8 – Edward of Middleham, the 7-year-old son of King Richard III of England, is given the title of Prince of Wales and designated the heir apparent to the throne. However, Edward will die less than a year later on April 9.source
• 1483Flavio Biondo publishes his Historiarum ab inclinatione romanorum imperii.source
• 1483Giovanni Bellini is named official painter of the Republic of Venice.source
• 1484January 15 – In France, the Estates General, a consultative assembly of 855 delegates (285 apiece) representing the three economic classes — the First Estate (clergy), Second Estate (nobility) and— for the first time, the Third Estate (commoners, including peasants) is convened for the first time since 1468. The convening of the Estates General of 1484 at Tours has been ordered by Anne of France, the mother of and regent for the 13-year-old King Charles VIII since the death of King Louis XI, with the goal of designating the regent during Charles's minority. Although King Louis had designated Anne and her husband, Pierre de Beaujeu, to serve as regents, Louis, Duke of Orleans, the second cousin of the late King, seeks approval from the Estates General for the regency. The session of the Estates General becomes a call for reform of the laws of France.source
• 1484January 15 – In Tours, the Estates General of 1484 convenes by order of Anne of France to designate the regent for the period of Charles VIII's minority.Francesource
• 1484February 5 – The Great Bell of Dhammazedi, at 293.4 metric tons (323 U.S. tons) the largest bell ever created, is cast from bronze at Dagon in the Hanthawaddy kingdom (now Yangon in Myanmar) by order of King Dhammazedi. The casting comes despite advice from the royal astrologer that the date is inappropriate, and the bell is noted for its unpleasant tone. The bell will be stolen from the Shwedagon Pagoda in 1608 by Arakan mercenaries commanded by the Portuguese warlord Filipe de Brito e Nicote, but skin, into the Bago and Yangon Rivers while it is being transported on de Brito's ship.source
• 1484February 9 – At the Estates General, the nobleman Philippe Pot, representative of the Second Estate, delivers a famous speech calling upon reforms in the structure of government of France. His speech is successful in persuading the Estates to endorse the continuing regency of Anne and Pierre Beaujeu, but also leads to numerous recommendations for reform and alarms the royal government.source
• 1484May 30 – The coronation of the 13-year-old son of the late Louis XI, Charles the Affable, as King of France takes place at Reims.source
• 1484May 30 – The coronation of the Charles VIII as King of France at Reims.Francesource
• 1484June 14 – Joanes III is proclaimed by his fiancée, Queen Katalina, to be her co-ruler of the Kingdom of Navarre at Pamplona, now part of the Basque region of Spain.source
• 1484July–August – Gearóid Mór FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, Lord Deputy of Ireland, attends the English court.Irelandsource
• 148415 December – The city of Galway is granted a royal charter and mayoralty by Richard III of England.Irelandsource
• 1485October 30 – The coronation of King Henry VII as King of England is held.source
• 1485Leon Battista Alberti's De Re Aedificatoria (written 1443–1452 and published posthumously) becomes the first printed work on architecture.source
• 1486January 18 – King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York are married, uniting the House of Lancaster and the House of York, and ceremonially ending the Wars of the Roses.source
• 148618 January – Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York, uniting the Lancastrian and Yorkist claims.Irelandsource
• 1486April 9 – The coronation of Maximilian the First as "King of the Romans" takes place at Aachen, in that the Holy Roman Imperial capital of Vienna was captured by Hungary.source
• 1486Giovanni Pico della Mirandola returns to Florence, and writes Oration on the Dignity of Man.source
• 1487May 27 – At Chiang Mai, in what is now part of northern Thailand, King of Lan Na, Prince Yotchiangrai becomes the new reigning monarch upon the death of his father, King Tilokaraj.source
• 1487November 30 – Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria promulgates the Reinheitsgebot, specifying three ingredients – water, malt and hops – for the brewing of beer.source
• 1487Stockport Grammar School is founded, in the north of England.source
• 1488February 15 – The Frari Triptych is completed by Giovanni Bellini, and he marks the date by placing a label on the back of the canvas.source
• 1488April 23 – Konrad the Red of the Piast dynasty inherits the rights to the Duchy of Warsaw upon the death of his older brother, Duke Bolesław V, but the nobles refuse to accept him. Konrad and Bolesław's younger brother Janusz II of Płock become the new rulers. Duke Konrad III the Red's promises to pay homage to John Albert of April 20, 1496.source
• 1488September 9 – Anne of Brittany becomes Duchess of Brittany at the age of 11. Her marriage to King Charles VIII in 1491 effectively ends Breton independence from France.source
• 1488December 23 – Isabella of Aragon, daughter of King Alfonso II of Naples, enters a marriage by proxy to Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan.source
• 1488The city of Bikaner in western India is founded by Rao Bika.source
• 1489February 2 – Isabella of Aragon, daughter of King Alfonso II of Naples, marries Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan, as part of a closer alliance of Naples and Milan in Italy.source
• 1489May 1 – Italian painter Cima da Conegliano completes his painting Madonna and Child with Saints Giacomo and Girolamo.source
• 1489June 29 – King James IV grants Andrew, Lord Gray, the lands and Barony of Lundie in Scotland.source
• 1489November 29 – Arthur Tudor, heir apparent to the throne of England as the son of King Henry VII, is named Prince of Wales.source
• 1489Johannes Widmann publishes his mercantile arithmetic Behende und hüpsche Rechenung auff allen Kauffmanschafft in Leipzig, containing the first printed use of plus and minus signs, to indicate trading surpluses or shortages.source
• 1490February 5 – Robert Lyle, 2nd Lord Lyle, is restored by Scotland's King James IV to his previous title of Scottish nobility that had been forfeited on July 4, the previous year when he had sided against King James III in the fighting against the current monarch, King James IV.source
• 1490March 13 – Carlo Giovanni Amedeo becomes Duke of Savoy at nine months old upon the death of his father, Carlo I di Savoia. his mother, Bianca di Monferrato, serves as regent.source
• 1490September 18 – The coronation of Vladislaus II as King of Hungary takes place at Székesfehérvár.source
• 1490December 19 – Anne of Brittany is married by proxy to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.source
• 1490Tirant lo Blanch, by Joanot Martorell and Martí Joan de Galba, is published.source
• 1490Perkin Warbeck claims to be the son of King Henry VII of England, at the court of Burgundy.source
• 1491February 2 – At Stettin (now Szczecin in Poland) Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania, marries Anna Jagiellon, daughter of King Casimir IV.source
• 1491February 20 – Jan I Olbracht, son of King Casimir IV or Poland and, like his older brother Vladislaus, a claimant to the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary, renounces all of his claims in return for the Duchy of Głogów.source
• 1491April 4 King Charles VIII makes a triumphant entry to the city of Nantes, facing no resistance and marking the conquest of the Duchy of Brittany by France.source
• 1491August 15 – The first Feria de Agosto takes place in the Spanish city of Málaga in celebration of the 1487 conquest of the Granadan city by the Kingdom of Castile. The festival is still celebrated in Spain more than 500 years later.source
• 1491October 27 – King Charles VIII of France convenes the Estates of Brittany in Vannes, to counsel Anne of Brittany of France's conditions for keeping her as Duchess, including the occupation of the Duchy of Brittany by the French army, the appointment of the Viscount Jean de Rohan to be appointed as governor-general of Brittany on behalf of the King of France, the renunciation of Anne's proxy marriage to the Archduke Maximilian of Austria, and the future marriage of Anne to the French King.source
• 1491November 23 – Anne of Brittany annuls her marriage contract with the Archduke Maximilian of Austria and is formally engaged to be married to King Charles VIII of France.source
• 1491December 6 – King Charles VIII of France marries the Duchess Anne of Brittany, forcing her to break her marriage contract with Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and incorporating the Duchy of Brittany into the kingdom of France.source
• 1491December 6 – King Charles VIII marries Anne of Britany, securing the duchy of Britany under French control.Francesource
• 1492January 16 – Antonio de Nebrija publishes Gramática de la lengua castellana, the first grammar text for the Castilian Spanish language, in Salamanca, which he introduces to the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, newly restored to power in Andalusia, as "a tool of empire".source
• 14928 February – Anne of Brittany is crowned queen of France.Francesource
• 1492July 30 – Alexander Jagiellon is crowned as Grand Duke of Lithuania.source
• 1492September 23 – Jan I Olbracht is crowned as King of Poland, more than three months after the death of his father, King Casimir IV.source
• 1492Marsilio Ficino publishes his translation and commentary of Plotinus.source
• 1492Ermysted's Grammar School, Skipton, North Yorkshire, is founded.source
• 1493March 4 – Christopher Columbus anchors in Lisbon and completes his February 15 letter on the first voyage, conveying the news of his discoveries.source
• 1493December 8 – The first Roman Catholic Mass in the New World is celebrated, with Friar Juan Pérez of the Order of Friars Minor conducting the services at Point Concepcion on the island of Hispaniola.source
• 1494March 16 – Maximilian, King of the Romans, marries Bianca Maria Sforza, sister of the Duke of Milan after the annulment of his marriage to Anne, Duchess of Brittany.source
• 1494November 10 – Fra Luca Pacioli's Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalità is published in Venice, containing the first printed account of algebra in the vernacular, and the first published description of the double-entry accounting system.source
• 149522 February – King Charles VIII enters Naples in an extravagant display.Francesource
• 1495October 25 – Manuel, Duke of Beja and Visieu takes the throne of Portugal as King Manuel I, following the death of his cousin, King João II.source
• 1496January 1 – In Venice, historian Marino Sanuto begins the first volume of I Diarii, a diary of the events in his own life and, more importantly, a daily record of events in the Republic of Venice and those reported to him by Venetian representatives in other parts of Europe. What is now described as "probably the largest, most comprehensive, and valuable ever written by one man",he continues his daily work for more than 37 years, ending in June 30, 1533.source
• 1496February – Pietro Bembo's Petri Bembi de Aetna Angelum Chalabrilem liber, a description of a journey to Mount Etna, is published in Venice by Aldus Manutius, the first book printed in the old-style serif or humanist typeface cut by Francesco Griffo (known from the 20th century as Bembo) and with early adoption of the semicolon (dated 1495 according to the more veneto).source
• 1496April 23 – In the Marquisate of Mantua on the Italian peninsula, Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua decrees that all Jews in Mantua are to wear a yellow badge to distinguish themselves from the Christian residents of Mantua. He modifies the ruling three days later to declare that a Jewish woman may wear a yellow veil over her face in place of the badge.source
• 1496May 2 – The Marquis of Mantua makes a further adjustment to his April 23 decree on Jewish identification, making further allowances to the dress code of Jewish women, and excusing the requirement of wearing a veil to cover the face. Unmarried women must still wear yellow headgear and drape a veil over their shoulders; married women are excused from covering their faces with veils but must wear headgear; and widows may wear their color of choice for headgear.source
• 1496June 12 – Jesus College, Cambridge, is founded.source
• 1496October 20 – Joanna of Castile, second daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, heiress to Castile, marries the archduke Philip, heir through his mother to the Burgundian Netherlands, and through his father to the Holy Roman Empire.source
• 1496Date unknown – Philip II becomes Duke of SavoyFrancesource
• 1496Date unknown – Philip the Handsome marries Joanna of CastileFrancesource
• 14977 November – Philibert II becomes Duke of SavoyFrancesource
• 1497November 26 – The coronation of Hans of Denmark as King of Sweden takes place at Stockholm, as he adopts the regnal name of King Johann II of Sweden.source
• 1497Iamblichus' De mysteriis Aegyptorum edited by Marsilio Ficino is published.source
• 1498February 9 – Leonardo da Vinci completes his painting The Last Supper, on the refectory wall of Milan's Santa Maria delle Grazie Convent. Because the location is a thin exterior wall, the effects of humidity and moisture-retaining rock behind the wall begin to cause the painting to deteriorate.source
• 1498April 7 – Louis XII becomes the new King of France upon the death of his wife's brother, King Charles VIII. King Charles had struck his head on the top of a door frame while on his way to watch a tennis match at Amboise.source
• 149827 May – Coronation of Louis XIIFrancesource
• 1498June 30 – The Wiener Hofmusikkapelle, a forerunner of the Vienna Boys' Choir, is founded by order of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, instructing officials of the imperial court at Vienna to employ a vocal teacher (singing master), two bass singers and six boys.source
• 1498December 17 – Eight months after ascending the throne, King Louis XII of France annuls his marriage to Jeanne de Valois after 22 years so that he can marry Anne, Duchess of Brittany. The King grants his former queen the title of the Duchess of Berry.source
• 1499January 8 – Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII.source
• 1499January 8 – Louis XII marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII.Francesource
• 1499February 4 – Hans, King of Denmark is formally crowned as King of Sweden and his wife Christina of Saxony crowned as Queen Consort.source
• 1499April 30 – The University of Valencia is founded in Spain with the passage of the University Statutes by the magistrates of Valencia.source
• 1499May 19 – Catherine of Aragon, the future first wife of Henry VIII, is married by proxy to his brother, Arthur, Prince of Wales.source
• 1499November 5 – The Catholicon is published in Tréguier (Brittany). This Breton–greek–Latin dictionary had been written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc. It is the first dictionary of either French or Breton.source
• 1499November 5 – The Catholicon is published in Tréguier (Brittany). This Breton–French–Latin dictionary had been written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc. It is the first dictionary of either French or Breton.Francesource
• 1499Giggleswick School is founded by Reverend James Carr in England.source