1431 CE

The Battle on the Po takes place on the Po River in Italy near Cremona as the navy of the Duchy of Milan defeats a fleet of 85 galleys of the Republic of Venice. The Venetians lose over 2,500 men, as well as 28 of the galley warships and 42 transport ships. Reconquista: In Spain, the army of the Crown of Castile, led by Álvaro de Luna, defeats the Moors of the Emirate of Granada, led by the Sultan Muhammad IX, in the Battle of La Higueruela, fought at Vega de Granada. Vlad, future Prince of Wallachia as Vlad II Dracul, is made a member of the Order of the Dragon. Because of this, his son Vlad the Impaler will inspire the literary figure named Dracula.

In the 1430s, the 15th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March – Alexander I Aldea takes the throne of Wallachia with support from Alexander I of Moldavia.source
  • June 16 – The Teutonic Knights and Švitrigaila sign the Treaty of Christmemel, creating an anti-Polish alliance.source
  • August 26 (September 2 N.S.) – At the Polish city of Chortoryisk, representatives of Švitrigaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania and of the King of Poland, Władysław II Jagiełło agree to a truce to end the Lutsk War.source
  • October 30 – The Treaty of Medina del Campo is signed, consolidating peace between Portugal and Castille.source

Conflict & Security

  • April 4 – In Poland, Konrad V Kantner, Duke of Silesia, leads a raid against the Hussites at Gliwice.source
  • June 6 – The Battle on the Po takes place on the Po River in Italy near Cremona as the navy of the Duchy of Milan defeats a fleet of 85 galleys of the Republic of Venice. The Venetians lose over 2,500 men, as well as 28 of the galley warships and 42 transport ships.source
  • June 25 – The Polish army invades the Principality of Volhynia, part of modern-day Ukraine, and captures much of the territory.source
  • July 1 – Reconquista: In Spain, the army of the Crown of Castile, led by Álvaro de Luna, defeats the Moors of the Emirate of Granada, led by the Sultan Muhammad IX, in the Battle of La Higueruela, fought at Vega de Granada.source
  • July 2 – In the Battle of Bulgnéville over who will be the next Duke of Lorraine, Count Antoine de Vaudémont, supported by Burgundian and English troops, defeats René of Anjou, who is supported by the Kingdom of France.source
  • 2 July – Battle of Bulgnéville between René I d'Anjou and Antoine de Vaudémont over the Duchy of Lorraine.Francesource
  • August 14 – Hussites under Prokop the Great and Sigismund Korybut defeat the forces of Frederick of Brandenburg at the Battle of Domažlice.source
  • August 21 – The navy of the Republic of Venice, commanded by Admiral Pietro Loredan, gains a major victory over the Republic of Genoa in a battle off of the coast of Rapallo, but fails to overthrow the Doge Battista Spinolasource
  • September 13 – The army of Poland defeats the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Dąbki,source
  • September – Battle of Inverlochy: Donald Balloch defeats the Royalists in Scotland.source
  • November 9 – The Hungarians defeat the Hussite army at the Battle of Ilava.source
  • November 18 – A treaty in Suceava concludes an attack on Poland, launched this year by Alexander I of Moldavia during the Lithuanian Civil War.source
  • Byzantine–Ottoman Wars: The Ottoman governor of Thessaly Turahan Bey breaks through the Hexamilion wall for the second time, and ravages the Peloponnese Peninsula.source
  • The Ayutthaya Kingdom besieges Angkor and sacks the Khmer capital, ending the Khmer Empire.source

Religion & Belief

  • March 11 – Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer is elected as the successor to Pope Martin V and takes the name of Pope Eugene IV as the 207th leader of the Roman Catholic Church.source
  • July 25 – An ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, originally called by Pope Martin V before his death in February, convenes at Basel in Switzerland.source
  • October 15 – The Roman Catholic Council of Basel issues a formal invitation to the Hussites to take part in its deliberations.source
  • December 13 – Vlad, future Prince of Wallachia as Vlad II Dracul, is made a member of the Order of the Dragon. Because of this, his son Vlad the Impaler will inspire the literary figure named Dracula.source
  • December 14 – The first full meeting of the Roman Catholic council at Basel is convened, but Pope Eugene IV and the council members are not able to agree on principles.source
  • The writing of the Annals of Ulster is begun.Irelandsource

Crime & Justice

  • January 9 – Pretrial investigations for Joan of Arc begin at Rouen in France, which is under English occupation.source
  • February 21 – The trial of Joan of Arc for heresy begins.source
  • 21 February – The trial of Joan of Arc for heresy begins in Rouen.Francesource

Culture & Society

  • April 5 – In Germany, Jacob of the House of Zähringen becomes the new Margrave of Baden-Baden upon the death of his father, Bernard I.source
  • December 16 – Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre-Dame de Paris.source
  • 16 December – Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre-Dame de ParisFrancesource
  • Nezahualcoyotl is crowned Tlatoani of the Kingdom of Texcoco.source
  • The University of Poitiers is founded.source
  • Unknown – The University of Poitiers is founded.Francesource

Births

  • January 1 – Pope Alexander VI (died 1503)source
  • October 26 – Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian politician (died 1505)source
  • November or December – Vlad the Impaler, Prince of Wallachia (died 1476)source
  • William Elphinstone, Scottish statesman (died 1514)source
  • William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (died 1483)source
  • Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia (died 1473)source
  • John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu, English politician (died 1471)source
  • Vlad the Impaler, Prince of Wallachia, A member of the House of Drăculești, as well as the Voivode of Wallachia 1456-1462source
  • Ladislaus Hunyadi, Hungarian statesman and warrior (died 1457)source
  • François Villon, poet (died c.1463)Francesource

Deaths

  • January 25 – Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (born 1365)source
  • February 20 – Pope Martin V (born 1368)source
  • April 1 – Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portuguese general and religious figuresource
  • April 5 – Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (born 1364)source
  • April 19 – Adolph III, Count of Waldeck (born 1362)source
  • May 30 – 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake in Rouen.source
  • May 30 – Joan of Arc, French soldier and saint (born c. 1412)source
  • 30 May – Having been found guilty Joan of Arc is executedFrancesource
  • September 6 – Demetrios Laskaris Leontares, Byzantine soldier and statesmansource
  • December 8 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Polish and Lithuanian princess (born 1408)source
  • Stanisław of Skarbimierz, Polish theologian (born 1360)source
  • Violant of Bar, queen regent of Aragon (born 1365)source
  • Makhdoom Ali Mahimi, Indian Sufi mysticsource
  • Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (born 1364)Francesource
  • Arnaud Guillaume de Barbazan, soldier (born 1360)Francesource