1496 CE

Pietro Bembo's Petri Bembi de Aetna Angelum Chalabrilem liber, a description of a journey to Mount Etna, is published in Venice by Aldus Manutius, the first book printed in the old-style serif or humanist typeface cut by Francesco Griffo (known from the 20th century as Bembo) and with early adoption of the semicolon (dated 1495 according to the more veneto). At Augsburg, Maximilian, King of the Romans, grants an audience to Sir Christopher Urswick, the Kingdom of England's ambassador to the Empire, and informs his advisers that he believes the Ambassador is a spy gathering intelligence on the Empire's intentions toward England. Zacharia Contarini, the Empire's ambassador to France, then sends the report to the Doge of the Republic of Venice, Agostino Barbarigo. Led by Prince Prataparudra Deva, son of the Emperor Purushottama Deva, the Gajapati Empire (now India's state of Odisha) invades the Vijayanagara Empire (now the Karnataka state) and its armies advance as far as the Penna River, where they are stopped by a force commanded by the Vijayanagara sultan Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, and are turned back.

In the 1490s, the 15th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • November 20 – King Henry VII of England summons the English Parliament to assemble starting on January 16.source
  • Garret More, the Great Earl of Kildare, returns to Ireland as Lord Deputy of Ireland. He holds the position until his death in 1513.Irelandsource

Conflict & Security

  • April 26 – King Jan I Olbracht of Poland issues the Piotrków Privilege as a reward to members of nobility who financially supported his invasion of Moldavia. The Privilege prohibits the enslaved serfs from leaving their owners' land without permission, and bans city dwellers from buying land.source
  • July 5 – In the Canary Islands, the native kings of Tenerife surrender to the Spanish conquistador Alonso Fernández de Lugo.source
  • July 21 – Spanish forces under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba capture Atella after a siege. Among the prisoners is the French viceroy of Naples, the Comte de Montpensier. King Ferdinand II of Naples is restored to his throne.source
  • September 21– King James IV of Scotland and his army invade Northumberland in the Kingdom of England, in support of the pretender to the English throne, Perkin Warbeck. The invaders leave on September 25 and travel back to Scotland.source
  • November 27 – Led by Prince Prataparudra Deva, son of the Emperor Purushottama Deva, the Gajapati Empire (now India's state of Odisha) invades the Vijayanagara Empire (now the Karnataka state) and its armies advance as far as the Penna River, where they are stopped by a force commanded by the Vijayanagara sultan Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, and are turned back.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 24 – King Henry VII of England signs the commercial treaty Intercursus Magnus with Venice, Florence, and the cities of the Hanseatic League and the Netherlands.source
  • March 10 – Christopher Columbus leaves Hispaniola for Spain, ending his second visit to the Western Hemisphere. During his time here he has forcibly subjugated the island, enslaved the Taíno, and laid the basis for a system of land grants tied to the Taíno's enslavement.source
  • August 5 – Bartholomew Columbus, brother of Christopher Columbus, formally founds the city of Santo Domingo (first settled in March) on Hispaniola (in the modern-day Dominican Republic), making it the oldest permanent European settlement in the New World.source

Religion & Belief

  • April 16 – Filippo II becomes the new ruler of the Duchy of Savoy upon the death of his 6-year-old great-nephew, Duke Carlo II Giovanni Amedeo.source
  • September 7– Federico of Aragon becomes the King of Naples upon the death of his nephew, King Ferdinando II.source
  • December 5 – King Manuel I of Portugal issues a decree ordering the expulsion of "heretics" from the country.source
  • St. Mel's Cathedral, Ardagh, is severely damaged in fighting and never restored.Irelandsource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • March 5 – Henry VII of England issues letters patent to Italian-born adventurer John Cabot and his sons, authorizing them to discover unknown lands.source

Crime & Justice

  • May 14 – At Augsburg, Maximilian, King of the Romans, grants an audience to Sir Christopher Urswick, the Kingdom of England's ambassador to the Empire, and informs his advisers that he believes the Ambassador is a spy gathering intelligence on the Empire's intentions toward England. Zacharia Contarini, the Empire's ambassador to France, then sends the report to the Doge of the Republic of Venice, Agostino Barbarigo.source

Culture & Society

  • January 1 – In Venice, historian Marino Sanuto begins the first volume of I Diarii, a diary of the events in his own life and, more importantly, a daily record of events in the Republic of Venice and those reported to him by Venetian representatives in other parts of Europe. What is now described as "probably the largest, most comprehensive, and valuable ever written by one man",he continues his daily work for more than 37 years, ending in June 30, 1533.source
  • February – Pietro Bembo's Petri Bembi de Aetna Angelum Chalabrilem liber, a description of a journey to Mount Etna, is published in Venice by Aldus Manutius, the first book printed in the old-style serif or humanist typeface cut by Francesco Griffo (known from the 20th century as Bembo) and with early adoption of the semicolon (dated 1495 according to the more veneto).source
  • April 23 – In the Marquisate of Mantua on the Italian peninsula, Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua decrees that all Jews in Mantua are to wear a yellow badge to distinguish themselves from the Christian residents of Mantua. He modifies the ruling three days later to declare that a Jewish woman may wear a yellow veil over her face in place of the badge.source
  • May 2 – The Marquis of Mantua makes a further adjustment to his April 23 decree on Jewish identification, making further allowances to the dress code of Jewish women, and excusing the requirement of wearing a veil to cover the face. Unmarried women must still wear yellow headgear and drape a veil over their shoulders; married women are excused from covering their faces with veils but must wear headgear; and widows may wear their color of choice for headgear.source
  • June 12 – Jesus College, Cambridge, is founded.source
  • October 20 – Joanna of Castile, second daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, heiress to Castile, marries the archduke Philip, heir through his mother to the Burgundian Netherlands, and through his father to the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • Date unknown – Philip II becomes Duke of SavoyFrancesource
  • Date unknown – Philip the Handsome marries Joanna of CastileFrancesource

Births

  • March 18 – Mary Tudor, Queen of Louis XII of France, daughter of Henry VII of England (died 1533)source
  • May 12 – King Gustav Vasa of Sweden (died 1560)source
  • July 10 – Johann Forster, German theologian (died 1558)source
  • August 28 – Konrad Heresbach, German Calvinist (died 1576)source
  • September 27 – Hieronymus Łaski, Polish diplomat (died 1542)source
  • October 20 – Claude, Duke of Guise, French aristocrat and general (died 1550)source
  • 20 October – Claude, Duke of GuiseFrancesource
  • November 23 – Clément Marot, French poet of the Renaissance period (died 1544)source
  • December 20 – Joseph ha-Kohen, Spanish-born French Jewish historian and physician (died 1575)source
  • December 21 – Elisabeth Corvinus, Hungarian princess (died 1508)source
  • Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich, Lord Chancellor of England (died 1567)source
  • Cuauhtémoc, 11th Tlatoani (emperor) of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City), 1520–1521, (died 1521)source
  • João de Barros, Portuguese historian (died 1570)source
  • María Pacheco, Spanish heroine and defender of Toledo (died 1531)source
  • Menno Simons, Dutch Anabaptist leader (died 1561)source
  • Date unknown – Louise de Montmorency, aristocratFrancesource
  • Date unknown – Anne de La Tour d'Auvergne, countessFrancesource
  • James Butler (Bocach), ninth earl of Ormond.Irelandsource

Deaths