/year

December 22 in history

197 sourced entries recorded on December 22, from 218 BCE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 218 BCEDecember 22/23 – Battle of the Trebia: Hannibal defeats the combined Roman armies under Sempronius and Scipio.source
  • 69Vitellius is captured and murdered by the Gemonian stairs. Vespasian becomes emperor.source
  • 609Muhammad claims to have received what was to become the first wahy of Islam.source
  • 640On orders of the Saracen leader, Amar, the Serapeum of Alexandria, containing works that had survived the destruction of the Library of Alexandria, is burned down, along with its collection of 500,000 manuscripts. This story may be apocryphal.source
  • 856Another earthquake strikes Damghan (modern-day Iran), killing an estimated 200,000 people.source
  • 880Luoyang, eastern Chinese capital of the Tang dynasty, is captured by rebel leader Huang Chao, during the reign of emperor Xizong.source
  • 1168Afraid that the Egyptian capital Fustat (modern-day Old Cairo) will be captured by Crusader forces, its Fatimid vizier, Shawar, orders the city set afire. The capital burns for 54 days.source
  • 1216Honorius III officially approves the Order of Preachers (the Dominican Order), by the Papal bull Religiosam vitam.source
  • 1299December 22–23 – Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar: Mongol forces under Ghazan Khan defeat a Mamluk army (some 30,000 men) north of Homs. Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad flees with the remnants of his army to Damascus. Ghazan splits his forces, one part sacks Damascus and besieges the citadel. Another part pursues the retreating Mamluks as far as Gaza, pushing them back to Egypt.source
  • 1327Ala ud-Din Timurtash, the Viceroy for Anatolia within the Ilkhanate of the Middle East, and the brother of Demasq Kaja, learns that the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id had arranged for the execution of Demasq. Fearing for his own safety, Timurtash decides to leave and eventually flees to Egypt, but will be executed there on August 12, 1328.source
  • 1349The rise of Alexios III of Trebizond to the throne ends the Trapezuntine Civil Wars.source
  • 1379Andrea Contarini, the Doge of the Republic of Venice, directs Admiral Pisani to blockade the port of Genoa, effectively trapping the Genoese fleet and preventing the occupation of Venice.source
  • 1403Pope Boniface IX annuls and revokes numerous indulgences previously paid to the Roman Catholic Church in return for a reduction of time in purgatory.source
  • 1448Henry VI cede the lands of Maine and Anjou under threat of military force from Charles VII following refusal to fulfil the terms of the Treaty of Tours.source
  • 1451(28 Zilhicce 855 AH) In Mamluk ruled Egypt, the Amir Asanbay al-Jamali al-Zahiri returns from a trip to the Ottoman Empire with a group of Ottoman diplomats, and the Mamluk Sultan Mehmed II hosts them at a banquet, granting them a private audience the next day. The Ottomans depart on January 17.source
  • 1462King Edward IV summons the members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons to assemble at the English Parliament for April 29, 1463.source
  • 1465The Treaty of Saint-Trond is signed to end the war between the Burgundian Netherlands (ruled by Philip the Good) and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, ending the First Liège War, which had started four months earlier. Liège is allowed to keep its sovereignty at the cost of paying for the Burgundian war expenses and designating Charles the Bold, son of the Duke Philip, as heir to the rule of the area.source
  • 1476Beatrice of Naples marries Mathias Corvinus at Székesfehérvár, 10 days after her coronation as Queen Consort of Bohemia and Queen Consort of Hungary.source
  • 1481The Canton of Fribourg and the Canton of Solothurn are admitted as cantons of Switzerland by the Swiss Confedderationsource
  • 1495At the close of the 1495 Parliament, King Henry VII of England gives royal assent to numerous new laws, including the Treason Act 1495 (An Acte that noe person going with the Kinge to the Warres shalbe attaynt of treason); the Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1495 ("Vagabonds, idle and suspected persons shall be set in the stocks for three days and three nights and have none other sustenance but bread and water and then shall be put out of Town."); and the Suing in Forma Pauperis Act 1495 (allowing "such persons as are poor" to file suit without having to pay court costs).source
  • 1501(1 Jumada al-Thani 907 AH) Ismail I is enthroned as the first Shah of Iran, choosing Tabriz as his capital, founding the Safavid dynasty in northern Iran. He declares Shi'ism the official and compulsory religion, under penalty of death.source
  • 1515The 3rd English Parliament of King Henry VIII closes with the King giving royal assent to the Avowries Act, the Kynges Revenues Act, the "Acte for the Staple of Calice" and "the Act avoiding pulling down of Towns".source
  • 1554The John Lok expedition reaches Guinea, anchoring at the Sesto River and remains for seven days to begin trading."source
  • 1574Prince Murad bin-Selim of the Ottoman Empire completes the murders, by strangulation, of his four younger brothers, Süleyman, Abdüllah, Osman, and Cihangir.source
  • 1576Representatives of the clergy of the First Estate join the Second vote in favor of outlawing Protestantism. By January, the Edict of Beaulieu fails and the Sixth War of Religion begins later in 1577.source
  • 1607A fleet of 13 Dutch warships under the command of Admiral Pieter Verhoeff departs the Netherlands on an expedition to the Indian Ocean to open trade with Asian nations and to fight hostile resistance. Verhoeff never returns, and he and many of his crew will be ambushed and killed on May 22 at the Banda Islands in Indonesia.source
  • 1616An Indian youth (called one of "the first fruits of India") is baptized with the name "Peter" in London at the St. Dionis Backchurch, in a ceremony attended by the Lord Mayor, the Privy Council, city aldermen, and officials of the Honourable East India Company. Peter thus becomes the first convert to the Anglican Church in India. He returns to India as a missionary, schooled in English and Latin.source
  • 1622The Spanish colonial city of Bucaramanga is founded in the colony of Nueva Grandada in what is now Colombia.source
  • 1628City of Antwerp updates regulations on food inspection to prevent the sale of bad herring.source
  • 1629(Kan'ei 6, 8th day of the 11th month) Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan abdicates the throne in favor of his daughter, Princess Okiko, who becomes Empress Meishō.source
  • 1631the titles of Viscount Clanmalier and Baron Phillipstown are created in the Peerage of Ireland in favour of Terence O'Dempsey.source
  • 1637a charter incorporates the guild of goldsmiths in Dublin and the Dublin Assay Office is established.source
  • 1639Birth at La Ferté-Milon of dramatist Jean Racine.source
  • 1644the Battle of Bysjön.source
  • 1644Norwegian troops fought in the Battle of Bysjön.source
  • 1651Prohibition in Liège of the making, selling or carrying of pocket-sized firearms or daggerssource
  • 1666The French Academy of Sciences, founded by Louis XIV, first meets.source
  • 1666The French Academy of Sciences, founded by the king, first meets.source
  • 1681King Charles II of England signs a warrant for the building of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London for wounded and retired soldiers.source
  • 1681King Charles II issues a warrant for the building of the Royal Hospital Chelsea for wounded and retired soldiers.source
  • 1686Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, head of the House of Hohenzollern, enters into an alliance with the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • 1689A serious earthquake strikes Innsbruck, Austria.source
  • 1691Patrick Sarsfield and 19,000 troops of the Irish Army who had been supporters of the Jacobite Rebellion leave the country and relocate to France.source
  • 1691the Flight of the Wild Geese begins, as Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan leads 19,000 Irish soldiers on ships to France, Spain and onwards to join the armies of Europe.source
  • 1715James Edward Stuart rejoins Jacobite rebels in Scotland, but fails to rouse his army.source
  • 1715James Edward Stuart joins Jacobite rebels at Peterhead but fails to rouse his army.source
  • 1719Andrew Bradford publishes the American Weekly Mercury, Pennsylvania's first newspaper.source
  • 1721Philip V of Spain signs a Royal Decree in Lerma, transforming the Seminary of Saint Rose of Lima in Caracas into the Universidad Real y Pontificia de Caracas.source
  • 1762Catherine follows the waiver of religious requirement for Russian immigration with a 190-word invitation, translated into various European languages, that invites Europeans to build settlements along arable, but undeveloped, land in southern Russia along the Volga River; when the invitation attracts little notice, she follows on July 22 with a longer manifesto promising free travel expenses and a written guarantee of rights.source
  • 1769The Sino-Burmese War (1765–69) is ended by a truce.source
  • 1790Russo-Turkish War (1787–92): The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Alexander Suvorov and his Russian armies. During Suvorov's storm of Izmail, 26,000 Turkish soldiers lose their lives.source
  • 1790Conclusion of Siege of Izmailsource
  • 1791Spain offers to negotiate an American treaty on Mississippi River navigation and port use.source
  • 1796French fleet, with Wolfe Tone on board, arrives in Bantry Bay, but is unable to land due to contrary winds.source
  • 1798Norfolk enters the River Derwent,source
  • 1807The United States Congress passes the Embargo Act, a trade embargo on all foreign nations.source
  • 1807The U.S. Congress passes the Embargo Act, a trade embargo on all foreign nations, largely in response to the British Orders in Council of 1807.source
  • 1808Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808: Ludwig van Beethoven conducts and plays piano in a marathon benefit concert, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, consisting entirely of first public performances of works by him, including Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 6, Piano Concerto No. 4 and Choral Fantasy.source
  • 1808Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808: Ludwig van Beethoven conducts and plays piano in a marathon benefit concert, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, consisting entirely of first public performances of works by him, including Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 6, Piano Concerto No. 4 and Choral Fantasy.source
  • 1810British ship of the line HMS Minotaur is wrecked on Texel in the West Frisian Islands with the loss of 500 lives.source
  • 1810Eight crew of the Hoylake life-boat in the Mersey estuary are drowned on service; HMS Minotaur is wrecked on Texel in the West Frisian Islands with the loss of 500 lives.source
  • 1817The King expedition of 1817, to explore and make a rough survey of the northern and north-west coasts of Australia, departs Sydney.source
  • 1838Potchefstroom is founded as the Transvaal Republic's capital by Andries Hendrik Potgieter.source
  • 1843John Jones (Shoni Sguborfawr), one of the ringleaders of the Rebecca Riots is sentenced to transportation to Australia.source
  • 1845December 22–23 – Battle of Ferozeshah (Anglo-Sikh War): East India Company forces are victorious over those of the Sikh Empire.source
  • 1846The Guild system in Sweden is abolished by the Fabriks och Handtwerksordning and Handelsordningen, and trade and handicrafts permits are granted to every male and female applicant of legal majority.source
  • 1846The guild system in Sweden is abolished by the Fabriks och Handtwerksordning and Handelsordningen.source
  • 1847The art collector Robert Vernon presents the Vernon Gift of artworks to the National Gallery. This forms the basis of the Gallery's collection of British paintings, many of which are now in the Tate Britain.source
  • 1849After 17 days of deadlock and 63 votes, Democrat Howell Cobb of Georgia is elected Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, by a plurality of 102 votes to 99 for the former Speaker, the Whig Party's Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts. Neither the Democrats nor the Whigs have a majority of the 230 seats in the House, and after neither candidate can obtain the required 116 votes, the Representatives agree that the plurality will decide the leadership.source
  • 1851The first railway begins operation in India, hauling canal construction material in Roorkee.source
  • 1855The Metropolitan Board of Works is established in London.source
  • 1855The newspaper El Ferrocarril is established.source
  • 1873Third Carlist War: Battle of Bocairente – Campaigning in Valenica, Spanish Republican General Valeriano Weyler is attacked at Bocairente, northwest of Alcoy, by a greatly superior Carlist force under General José Santés. Weyler is initially driven back, losing some of his guns, but in a brilliant counter-attack he turns defeat into victory, and Santés is heavily repulsed and forced to withdraw.source
  • 1888The Crispi government enacted the first Italian law for the national healthcare system including cremation after a cholera pandemic in 1884–1885 killed approximately 50,000 persons, with a serious outbreak in the city of Naples in August–September 1884, killing 8,000 persons.source
  • 1891Asteroid 323 Brucia becomes the first asteroid discovered using photography.source
  • 1894Dreyfus affair: French Army officer Alfred Dreyfus is convicted of treason. It will be 12 years before his innocence is officially recognised.source
  • 1899More than 40 schoolchildren from Belgium drown in the capsizing of a boat near the French town of Frelinghien.source
  • 1899A fire kills 16 children in Quincy, Illinois.source
  • 1901On Peace Sunday Charles Frederic Aked (1864–1941), a Baptist minister in Liverpool, says: "Great Britain cannot win the battles without resorting to the last despicable cowardice of the most loathsome cur on earth; the act of striking a brave man's heart through his wife's honour and his child's life. The cowardly war has been conducted by methods of barbarism... the concentration camps have been Murder Camps." A crowd follows him home and breaks the windows of his house.source
  • 1901Charles Aked, a Baptist minister in Liverpool, protests about the Second Boer War concentration camps. A crowd follows him home and breaks the windows of his house.source
  • 1906The Mw 7.9 1906 Manasi earthquake in Xinjiang, China, kills nearly 300 people.source
  • 1916The British Sopwith Camel aircraft makes its maiden flight. It is designed to counter the German Fokker aircraft.source
  • 1919Toronto Arenas become the Toronto St. Patrickssource
  • 1920December 15–22 – The Brussels Conference establishes a timetable for German war reparations, intended to extend for over 42 years.source
  • 1942An avalanche in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, kills 26, including Vulcan Crucible Steel heir-apparent Samuel A. Stafford Sr., when two 100 ton boulders fall on a bus filled with wartime steelworkers on their way home.source
  • 1945Amiram Goldblum, Israeli chemist and political activistsource
  • 1946The Havana Conference begins between U.S. organized crime bosses in Havana, Cuba.source
  • 1947The Italian Constituent Assembly votes to accept the new Constitution of Italy.source
  • 1947The airline Lóide Aéreo Nacional is founded by Ruy Vacani.source
  • 1951The first 200 kilometre Dusi Marathon, with four pairs of canoeists taking part, starts on the Umsindusi River which joins the Umgeni River in the Valley of a Thousand Hills. Since only Ian Player stays the course and finishes, it is declared that there is no winner.source
  • 1951The Selangor Labour Party is founded in Selangor, Malaya.source
  • 1951The Selangor Labour Party was founded (dissolved in 1952).source
  • 1955American cytogeneticist Joe Hin Tjio discovers the correct number of human chromosomes, forty-six.source
  • 1957Two buses collide near San Antonio, killing 21.source
  • 1963The cruise ship TSMS Lakonia burns 180 mi north of Madeira, with the loss of 128 lives.source
  • 1964The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird makes its first flight at Palmdale, California.source
  • 1964A cyclone in the Palk Strait destroys the Indian town of Dhanushkodi, killing 1800 people.source
  • 1965Constitutional Amendment Act is passed and Yusof bin Ishak becomes the first President of Singapore.source
  • 1968Mao Zedong advocates that educated urban youth in China be sent for re-education in the countryside. It marks the start of the "Up to the mountains and down to the villages" movement.source
  • 1970Franz Stangl, the ex-commander of Treblinka extermination camp, is sentenced to life imprisonment.source
  • 1972A peace delegation that includes singer-activist Joan Baez and human rights attorney Telford Taylor visit Hanoi to deliver Christmas mail to American prisoners of war (they will be caught in the Christmas bombing of North Vietnam).source
  • 1972Survivors of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 are rescued.source
  • 1974Avensa Flight 358 crashes, killing all 75 people on boardsource
  • 1977A grain elevator explodes in Westwego, Louisiana, United States, killing 36 people.source
  • 1978Argentina begins Operation Soberanía against Chile, but Argentinian forces quickly withdraw.source
  • 1978Chicago serial killer John Wayne Gacy, who was subsequently convicted of the murder of 33 young men and boys committed between 1972 and 1978, is arrested.source
  • 1978The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue the reform and opening up.source
  • 1982The Indian Ocean Commission (Commission de l'Océan Indien, COI) is created by the Port Louis Agreement.source
  • 19821982 Sri Lankan national referendum: A national referendum was held, giving the people of Sri Lanka the option to extend the life of the current parliament by another 6 years, effectively cancelling the general elections which were due to be held before 1983. 54% of votes were cast in favour of the extension. The referendum was described as a dictatorial move by opposition parties, and was the first and so far only national referendum to be held in Sri Lanka.source
  • 1984In Malta, Prime Minister Dom Mintoff resigns.source
  • 1984Four African-American youths (Barry Allen, Troy Canty, James Ramseur, and Darrell Cabey) board an express train in the Bronx borough of New York City. They demand five dollars from Bernhard Goetz, who shoots them. The event starts a national debate about urban crime in the United States.source
  • 1987In Zimbabwe, the political parties ZANU and ZAPU reach an agreement that ends the violence in the Matabeleland region known as the Gukurahundi.source
  • 1987Israeli Minister of Defence Yitzhak Rabin tours the Gaza Strip after his return from a ten-day trip to the United States, which he had refused to cut short to respond to the growing unrest in the occupied territories.source
  • 1989After a week of bloody demonstrations, Ion Iliescu takes over as President of Romania, ending the communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceaușescu, who flees his palace in a helicopter after the palace is invaded by rioters. Most of the army has joined with the rioters in Bucharest.source
  • 1989Army units defect to the side of the demonstrators while the Ceaușescus flee and the Council of the National Salvation Front announces that it has overthrown the government.source
  • 1989The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin is reopened.source
  • 1989Two tourist coaches collide on the Pacific highway north of Kempsey, New South Wales, Australia, killing 35 people.source
  • 1992The Archives of Terror are discovered by Martín Almada in Asunción, detailing the fates of thousands of Latin Americans who have been secretly kidnapped, tortured and killed by the security services of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay in Operation Condor.source
  • 1997After the floods, aid agencies in Somalia get concerned over the risk of cholera.source
  • 2001Burhanuddin Rabbani, political leader of the Northern Alliance, hands over power in Afghanistan to the interim government headed by President Hamid Karzai.source
  • 2008Government announces pledge of 300 million CFA francs to rebuild stadium in Sokodésource
  • 2008An ash dike ruptured at a solid waste containment area for a Tennessee Valley Authority coal-fired power plant in Roane County, Tennessee, releasing 1.1 billion US gallons of coal fly ash slurry in the largest industrial spill in U.S. history.source
  • 2009Serbia applied for membership to the European Union.source
  • 2009reconstruction of São Pedro Airport (now Cesária Évora Airport) finished, it became an international airportsource
  • 2015SpaceX lands an uncrewed Falcon 9 rocket, the first reusable rocket to successfully enter orbital space and return.source
  • 2016A study finds the VSV-EBOV vaccine against the Ebola virus between 70 and 100% effective, thus making it the first proven vaccine against the disease.source
  • 2017The UN Security Council votes 15–0 in favor of additional sanctions on North Korea, including measures to slash the country's petroleum imports by up to 90%.source
  • 2018The United States government enters a second government shutdown, arising over a dispute over funding for the U.S.–Mexico border wall. The shutdown, which lasted until January 25, 2019, is the longest government shutdown in U.S. history.source
  • 2018An eruption from Krakatoa causes a tsunami that hits the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, killing at least 430 people and injuring nearly 1,500.source
  • 2022December 21–December 26 – A major winter storm hits the northern United States and southern Canada. Killing at least 91 people, the storm also severely disrupts North American air traffic, with Southwest Airlines alone canceling more than half of its schedule.source
  • 2023Gaza war: The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 20,000, almost 1% of its population and surpassing the casualties in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.source

Births

  • 244Diocletian, Roman emperor (died 311)source
  • 948Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean official and general (died 1031)source
  • 1091Jutta von Sponheim, German abbess (died 1136)source
  • 1095Roger II, king of Sicily (died 1154)source
  • 1178Antoku, emperor of Japan (died 1185)source
  • 1248Ichijō Ietsune, Japanese nobleman (died 1293)source
  • 1300Khutughtu Khan Kusala, Mongol emperor (died 1329)source
  • 1459Sultan Cem, pretender to the Ottoman throne (died 1495)source
  • 1550Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (died 1631)source
  • 1569Étienne Martellange, French architect (died 1641)source
  • 1569Étienne Martellange, architect (d.1641)source
  • 1597Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (died 1659)source
  • 1617Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine (died 1680)source
  • 1639Jean Racine, French dramatist (died 1699)source
  • 1666Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru of Sikhism, social reformist, poet, and revolutionary (died 1708)source
  • 1690Meidingu Pamheiba, King of Manipur (died 1751)source
  • 1694Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and writer (died 1768)source
  • 1695Rebecca Kellogg Ashley, captive of Native Americans (died 1757)source
  • 1696James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the state of Georgia as a colony (died 1785)source
  • 1696James Oglethorpe, general and founder of the state of Georgia as a colony (died 1785)source
  • 1702Jean-Étienne Liotard, French painter (died 1789)source
  • 1763Archduchess Christine of Austria (died 1763)source
  • 1789Levi Woodbury, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 1851)source
  • 1823Thomas Wentworth Higginson, American Unitarian minister, abolitionist (died 1911)source
  • 1842Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai, Iraqi Shi'a theologian.source
  • 1850Victoriano Huerta, 35th President of Mexico (died 1916)source
  • 1858Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer (died 1924)source
  • 1887Srinivasa Ramanujan, Indian mathematician (died 1920)source
  • 1960Jean-Michel Basquiat, American musician and graffiti painter (died 1988)source
  • 1964Lee Jae-myung, politician.source
  • 1970Ted Cruz, Canadian-American politician, U.S. Senator (R-Tx.) from 2013 and 2016 presidential candidatesource
  • 1970Gary Anderson, Scottish darts playersource
  • 2009Yap Shing Xuen – Schoolgirl, Murder victim.source

Deaths

  • 69Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, Roman emperor (born AD 15)source
  • 731Yuan Qianyao, official of the Chinese Tang dynastysource
  • 1012Baha' al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Iraqsource
  • 1025Wang Qinruo, Chinese chancellorsource
  • 1060Cynesige, archbishop of Yorksource
  • 1089William the Walloon, French abbotsource
  • 1100Bretislav II, duke of Bohemiasource
  • 1115Olav Magnusson, king of Norway (born 1099)source
  • 1160Fujiwara no Nariko, Japanese empress (born 1117)source
  • 1188Richard of Ilchester, bishop of Winchestersource
  • 1204Fujiwara no Shunzei, Japanese waka poet (born 1114)source
  • 1316Giles of Rome, Italian theologian (born 1243)source
  • 1554Alessandro Bonvicino, Italian painter (born 1498)source
  • 1603Sultan Mehmed III of the Ottoman Empire dies, and is succeeded by his son Ahmed I.source
  • 1603Mehmed III, Ottoman Sultan (born 1566)source
  • 1641Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, 2nd Prime Minister of France (born 1560)source
  • 1646Peter Mohyla, Moldavian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (born 1596)source
  • 1666Guercino, Italian painter (born 1591)source
  • 1708Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (born 1681)source
  • 1749Richard Smalbroke, former Bishop of St David's, 77source
  • 1754Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (born 1702)source
  • 1767John Newbery, English publisher (born 1713)source
  • 1767Jacques Bridaine, French Catholic preacher and missionary (born 1701)source
  • 1788Percivall Pott, English surgeon (born 1714)source
  • 1815José María Morelos, leader of Mexican War of Independence, executed (born 1765)source
  • 1828William Hyde Wollaston, English chemist (born 1766)source
  • 1828Rachel Jackson, wife of U.S. President Andrew Jackson (born 1767)source
  • 1831Charles Fraser, botanist (born 1788)source
  • 1835David Hosack, American physician and educator, attending doctor at the Hamilton-Burr duel (born 1769)source
  • 1880George Eliot, English writer (born 1819)source
  • 1917Frances Xavier Cabrini, first American canonized as a saint (born 1850)source
  • 1931Two members of Nahala Moshav, a man and his son, are killed when a bomb is thrown into their home. The attack is attributed to members of the Black Hand Gang.source
  • 1969Josef von Sternberg, Austrian film director (born 1894)source