August 28 in history
198 sourced entries recorded on August 28, from 388 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.
Events
- 397Council of Carthage: The biblical canon is definitely declared.source
- 430Augustine dies during the siege of Hippo Regius at age 75, leaving behind his monumental work The City of God and other works that will have influence on Christianity.source
- 475Magister Militum Orestes takes control of the government in Ravenna, and forces Julius Nepos to flee to Dalmatia.source
- 476Orestes is arrested by Odoacer near Piacenza, and swiftly executed.source
- 489After crossing the Julian Alps, the Ostrogoths defeat the overwhelming forces of Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo (near Roman Aquileia or modern Soča) and enter Italy. This date is subsequently used by Theodoric to establish a 30-year statute of limitations (tricennium) ending on 28 August 519, after which any unlawful seizure of land during this period can no longer be contested.source
- 519Theodoric's tricennium, a 30-year statute of limitations, after which unlawful seizures of land during his 489 invasion of Italy can no longer be contested, ends.source
- 1089Braga Cathedral in the County of Portugal has its reconstruction (following 353 years of Muslim occupation) completed sufficiently for its consecration to the Virgin Mary to take place.source
- 1189Siege of Acre: King Guy of Lusignan moves from Tyre, where Conrad of Montferrat refuses to hand over the city. Guy and his crusader army (some 7,000 men, including 400 knights) besiege Acre. He makes camp outside, to wait for more reinforcements.source
- 1221Pelagius sues for peace and sends an envoy to Al-Kamil. The terms of surrender are accepted, which includes the retreat from Damietta – leaving Egypt with the remnants of the Crusader army and an 8-year truce. After prisoners are exchanged, Al-Kamil enters Damietta on September 8. The Fifth Crusade ends with nothing gained for the West, with much lost, men, resources and reputations. The Crusaders blame Frederick II for not being there. Pelagius is accused of ineffectual leadership and a misguided view, which has led to rejecting the sultan's peace offerings.source
- 1397As part of a division of the state of Holstein, the northernmost member of the Holy Roman Empire, between Count Albert II and his brother Count Gerhard VI (following the death of their uncle, Nicholas), Gerhard receives the Duchy of Schleswig and nearly all of Rendsburg, while Albert receives HOlstein-Segeberg.source
- 1413The University of St Andrews in Scotland is chartered by papal bull issued by Antipope Benedict XIII.source
- 1429Mehmed Nizamüddin is appointed the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire by the Sultan Murad II.source
- 1439Pope Eugene IV sends a message of unity to the Emperor of Ethiopia, Qostantinos I, but the proposal for a union with the Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Church is not acknowledged.source
- 1457French under Pierre de Brézé raiders sack Sandwich, Kent.source
- 1464Nine days after the death of Pope Pius II, 19 of the 29 Roman Catholic cardinals meet in Rome for the conclave to elect a successor. On the first day, before voting for Pope, the cardinals vote to continue Pius's planned crusade against the Ottoman Empire, limiting the college of cardinals to only 24, and allowing only one cardinal-nephew to serve as a candidate.source
- 1518King Charles of Spain issues a charter authorizing the transportation of slaves directly from Africa to the Spanish Americas. His decision changes the nature and scale of the transatlantic slave trade.source
- 1542Battle of Wofla in Ethiopia: Reinforced with at least 2900 arquebusiers and cavalry, the Imam Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi attacks the Portuguese camp. The Portuguese are scattered; Cristóvão da Gama is captured and executed.source
- 1546In the Imperial counterattack in the Schmalkaldic War, the Holy Roman Empire army attacks Frankfurt, the German stronghold of the Schmalkaldic League, but is forced to retreat after a two-day siege.source
- 1564King Eric XIV of Sweden, who has been commanding the Swedish Army himself since the start of the Northern Seven Years' War, turns over the responsibility to Nils Boije, who captures Varberg from Denmark.source
- 1565Danish Varberg is conquered by the Swedes.source
- 1565August 28 (feast day of St. Augustine) – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés first sights land in Florida.source
- 1581The army of King Stephen Báthory of Poland begins its siege of the Russian garrison of Pskov.source
- 1594Farkas Kovacsóczy, who has served as Chancellor of Transylvania for 16 years, is arrested on orders of Prince Sigismund Báthory, and István Jósika is appointed in his place. Kovacsóczy is imprisoned at Szamosújvár (now Gherla in Romania) and executed by strangulation on September 11.source
- 1595Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins depart from England, on their final voyage to the Spanish Main, which ends in both of their deaths.source
- 1597Imjin War: Battle of Chilcheollyang – The Japanese fleet defeats the Koreans, in their only naval victory of the war.source
- 1609Henry Hudson is the first European to see Delaware Bay.source
- 1619Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria and King of Bohemia, is elected Holy Roman Emperor unanimously by the prince-electors.source
- 1624The Siege of Breda begins, and will continue for just over 9 months until June 5, 1625.source
- 1640Second Bishops' War: Battle of Newburn – The Scottish Covenanter army led by Alexander Leslie defeats the English army near Newburn in England.source
- 1640Battle of Newburn: the Covenanter army defeats the English army.source
- 1651The "Onfall of Alyth takes place in the Scottish town of the same name when most of the members of Scotland's governing body, the Committee of States, are betrayed to English invaders. The Earl of Leven, the Earl of Crawford, the Earl Marischal, Lord Nairne and other prominent people are captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London.source
- 1651The Battle of Upton is fought at Upton-upon-Severn in England, where Scottish invaders commanded by Major General Edward Massey are defeated by the English Parliamentarians led by John Lambert. The retreat of the Scots clears the way for the successful English attack at Worcester.source
- 1655New Amsterdam and Peter Stuyvesant bar colonial Jews from military service.source
- 1663In an unseasonably cold summer, severe frost hits England.source
- 1676The Irish Donation of 1676 is shipped from Dublin, to relieve Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.source
- 1676Irish Donation of 1676 is shipped from Dublin to relieve Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.source
- 1677During war between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, Russian troops led by Grigory Romodanovsky and Ukrainian Cossacks led by Ivan Samoylovych arrive at the besieged Ukrainian city of Chigirin (modern-day Chyhyryn) and inflict heavy casualties on the encamped Turkish and Tatar troops. Ibrahim Pasha, leader of the 45,000 member Ottoman force, retreats the next day and, by the time of the relief of Chigirin on September 5, the Ottoman Army has lost 20,000 men. Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, outraged by the defeat, sends 200,000 troops the following year and destroys the city.source
- 1677Battle of Uddevalla.source
- 1703Thomas Windsor, 1st Viscount Windsor, marries Charlotte Herbert, daughter of Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke, and widow of John Jeffreys, 2nd Baron Jeffreyssource
- 1709Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.source
- 1752Belfast Charitable Society, established to open the poorhouse which will become Clifton House, Belfast, first meets.source
- 1758August 26–28 - Battle of Fort Frontenac: Colonel John Bradstreet, with nearly 3,000 men, mostly colonial militia, takes and burns Fort Frontenac, (present-day Kingston).source
- 1789William Herschel discovers Enceladus, one of Saturn's moons.source
- 1789William Herschel discovers Enceladus, one of Saturn's moons.source
- 1795The Third Treaty of Basel is signed, between the French First Republic and the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel.source
- 1809The convict ship Ann leaves England with Samuel Marsden and William Hall and John King and their wives as passengers. Marsden discovers Ruatara on board.source
- 1826The town of Crawford Notch, New Hampshire suffers a landslide; those killed include all seven members of the Willey Family, after whom Mount Willey is named.source
- 1827The rebels establish the Junta Suprema Provisional de Gobierno del Principado de Cataluña in Manresa, presided over by Agustín Saperes.source
- 1828Russian forces succeed in the Battle of Akhaltsikhe against the Ottomans, capturing the fortress after an 8-day siege.source
- 1832At the Beaumaris eisteddfod, the title of Archdruid is used for the first time.source
- 1833The British Slavery Abolition Act 1833, beginning the process of giving slaves in much of the British Empire their freedom, receives royal assent, with an effective date of August 1, 1834. A £20 million fund is established to compensate slaveowners.source
- 1833Bank Notes Act gives Bank of England notes over £5 in value the status of "legal tender" in England and Wales.source
- 1835St. Vincent's Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor of Castleknock College, is founded by the Vincentian community in Dublin, Ireland.source
- 1844Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx meet in Paris, France.source
- 1845The journal Scientific American begins publication.source
- 1846The New Zealand Constitution Act 1846 is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom with the intention of granting self-government to the British colony. Governor George Grey suspends implementation of the majority of the Act, with the exception of the creation of New Ulster and New Munster Provinces, and it is superseded by the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852.source
- 1846The New Zealand Constitution Act 1846 is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom with the intention of granting self-government to the colony. Governor George Grey suspends implementation of the majority of the Act, with the exception of the creation of New Ulster and New Munster Provinces, and it is superseded by the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852.source
- 1849Grand Steeple-Chase des Flandres first heldsource
- 1850Richard Wagner's romantic opera Lohengrin (including the Bridal Chorus) premieres under the direction of Franz Liszt, in Weimar.source
- 1850Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premieres in Weimar under the direction of Franz Liszt.source
- 1857The Matrimonial Causes Act makes divorce without parliamentary approval legal in the United Kingdom.source
- 1857Matrimonial Causes Act removes divorce from ecclesiastical jurisdiction and makes it possible by order of a new civil Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes, removing the necessity of parliamentary approval.source
- 1859August 28–September 2 – The solar storm of 1859, the largest geomagnetic solar storm on record, causes the Northern lights to be visible as far south as Montería, Colombia and knocks out telegraph communication (this is also called the Carrington event).source
- 1862August 28–30 – Second Battle of Bull Run – Confederate forces inflict a crushing defeat on Union General John Pope.source
- 1863August 27–29 – Astronomische Gesellschaft in Heidelberg is founded, the world's second oldest astronomical society.source
- 1879The Zulu King Cetshwayo is captured.source
- 1888The longest date in roman numerals is achieved, as "VIII-XXVIII-MDCCCLXXXVIII". In contrast, the shortest date (I-I-MM) will be achieved 111 years later on January 1, 2000.source
- 1890The strongest storm in Finnish history kills at least three people.source
- 1896The Chinese government partnered with the Russo-Chinese Bank to construct the China Eastern Railway. The bank was renamed Sino-Russian Righteousness Victory Bank (Traditional Chinese: 華俄道勝銀行).source
- 1898American pharmacist Caleb Bradham names his soft drink Pepsi-Cola.source
- 1901Silliman Institute, later known as Silliman University, is established as the first American university in the Philippinessource
- 1907August 24–31 – The International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam meets in the Netherlands.source
- 1907UPS is founded by James E. (Jim) Casey in Seattle, Washington.source
- 1908American Messenger Company, predecessor of United Parcel Service, is founded in Washington (state).source
- 1910Montenegro is proclaimed an independent kingdom, under Nicholas I.source
- 1910Portuguese legislative election, 1910.source
- 1914August 26–30 – Battle of Tannenberg: The Russian Second Army is surrounded and defeated.source
- 1916The largest in the Nantou earthquake sequence occurredsource
- 1920August 28–September 2 – Bukhara operation: The Russian Red Army and Young Bukharians overthrow the Emirate of Bukhara, leading to the establishment of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.source
- 1922Japan agrees to withdraw its troops from Siberia.source
- 1922Japan withdrew troops from the Siberian Interventionsource
- 1924August Uprising: Georgia rises against rule by the Soviet Union in an abortive rebellion, in which several thousands die.source
- 192428 August – 5 September – August Uprising in Georgia, Transcaucasian SFSRsource
- 1932Yakir Aharonov, Israeli physicist.source
- 1934Maximiliano Hernández Martínez resigned as President in order to run in the 1935 Salvadoran presidential election. Andrés Ignacio Menéndez became Provisional President.source
- 1937Toyota was incorporated and founded on this day.source
- 1942Estonian Legion is starting to form.source
- 1944WWII: Operation Dragoon – The Free French Army liberates the cities of Marseille and Nice.source
- 1944Katharina Mo-Berge, cross-country skier.source
- 1945The American-led Allied Occupation of Japan effectively begins with General Douglas MacArthur's arrival at Atsugi Air Base.source
- 1947The United States request the Korean issue to be handled by the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of China in a four-country conference.source
- 1947Kvitbjørn disaster: A flying boat of type Short Sandringham named "Kvitbjørn" crashes into a mountain near Lødingen in Norway; all 35 on board (28 passengers and 7 crew) perish.source
- 1947The founding of the Kibbutz HaOgen.source
- 1950August 22 – August 30 - Rail workers strike shuts down much of the Canadian economysource
- 1955Black 14-year-old Emmett Till is lynched and shot in the head for allegedly whistling at a white woman in Money, Mississippi; his white murderers, Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam, are acquitted by an all-white jury.source
- 1961Victor Bodson is appointed to the Council of State.source
- 1963Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I Have a Dream" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to an audience of at least 250,000, during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. It is, at that point, the single largest protest in American history.source
- 1963Philips introduces the Compact Cassette primarily for dictation and voice recording purposes. By 1965, hardware improvements eventually allow for it to reliably function as a music format.source
- 1964Emergency number 111 is introduced in Christchurch.source
- 1968August 22–30 – 1968 Democratic National Convention protests: Police clash with anti-Vietnam War protesters in Chicago outside the 1968 Democratic National Convention, which nominates Hubert Humphrey for U.S. president and Edmund Muskie for vice president. The riots and subsequent trials are an essential part of the activism of the Youth International Party.source
- 1968Gerry Fitt, MP, tables a House of Commons motion, signed by 60 Labour Party backbenchers, criticising RUC action in Dungannon on 24 August, demanding that "citizens of Northern Ireland should be allowed the same rights of peaceful demonstration as those in other parts of the United Kingdom".source
- 1971Reuvein Margolies (born 1889), Austro-Hungarian (Galicia)-born Israeli author and Talmudic scholar.source
- 1973India, Pakistan and Bangladesh signed a trilateral agreement, termed the Delhi Agreement, allowing the repatriation of prisoners of war and interned officials held in the three countries after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.source
- 1983August 23–29: Hurricane Barry.source
- 1984Gaddafi lays the foundation stone in Sarir area for the commencement of the construction of the Great Man-Made River Project.source
- 1985Israeli authorities begin the first major series of arrests of Palestinians under the Iron Fist policy. Over the next few days, dozens of Palestinians would be placed in administrative detention under suspicion of subversive activity, and roadblocks would be erected across the West Bank.source
- 1990The Plainfield Tornado (F5 on the Fujita scale) strikes the towns of Plainfield, Crest Hill, and Joliet, Illinois, killing 29 people (the strongest tornado to date to strike the Chicago metropolitan area).source
- 199152 deaths in an international bus (Iran-Liiban) accident in Ağrı Provincesource
- 1993Ong Teng Cheong becomes the first President of Singapore elected by the population.source
- 1993The first Power Rangers series, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (an adaptation of Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger), premieres in the United States.source
- 1996Their Royal Highnesses, the Prince and Princess of Wales, are formally divorced at the High Court of Justice in London. Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales is restyled Diana, Princess of Wales, due to the Queen's letters patent issued a week earlier.source
- 2001A targeted Israeli strike kills PFLP leader Abu Ali Mustafa. Palestinian militants respond by firing on Israeli civilians. Israeli forces occupy Beit Jala, Palestine to combat the militants.source
- 2002Uganda and Zimbabwe begin pulling their troops out of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.source
- 2002August 26–September 4 – Earth Summit 2002 takes places in Johannesburg, South Africa, aimed at discussing sustainable development by the United Nations.source
- 2002EUMETSAT launches the Meteosat 8 satellite as part of its Meteosat program.source
- 2002August 22–September 4 – Typhoon Rusa, the most powerful typhoon to hit South Korea in 43 years, makes landfall, killing at least 236 people.source
- 2006Armenian tennis champion Andre Agassi played at the U.S. Open. It was the last opportunity for tennis fans to see Agassi in the Association of Tennis Professionals play live. He faced Romania's Andrei Pavel in the first round.source
- 2007The Sudanese government and the United Nations launch a flood appeal to help victims of recent flooding which has killed 89 people and destroyed 73,000 homes.source
- 2011August 20–28 – Libyan rebels take control of the capital Tripoli, effectively overthrowing the government of Muammar Gaddafi.source
- 2017August 25–30 – Hurricane Harvey strikes the United States as a Category 4 hurricane, causing catastrophic damage to the Houston metropolitan area, mostly due to record-breaking floods. At least 108 deaths are recorded, and total damage reaches $125 billion (2017 USD), making Harvey the costliest natural disaster in United States history, tied with Hurricane Katrina in 2005.source
- 2020Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, the longest-serving prime minister in the history of Japan, announces his resignation from office, citing ill health.source
- 2021August 24–September 5 – The 2020 Summer Paralympics were held in Tokyo, Japan. They were originally scheduled for 25 August–6 September 2020, but were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.source
- 20222022 Pakistan floods: Pakistan declares a "climate catastrophe" and appeals for international assistance, as the death toll from recent flooding in the country exceeds 1,000, the world's deadliest flood since 2017. Several nations, alongside the UN, pledge millions in funding for aid.source
- 2024August 28 – September 8 – The 2024 Summer Paralympics are held in Paris, France.source
Births
- 932Richard I, duke of Normandy (died 996)source
- 1025Go-Reizei, Japanese emperor (died 1068)source
- 1366Jean Le Maingre, marshal of France (died 1421)source
- 1476Kanō Motonobu, Japanese painter (died 1559)source
- 1481Francisco de Sá de Miranda, Portuguese poet (died 1558)source
- 1496Konrad Heresbach, German Calvinist (died 1576)source
- 1582Taichang Emperor, of the Ming Dynasty of China (died 1620)source
- 1591John Christian of Brieg, Duke of Brzeg (1602–1639) (died 1639)source
- 1592George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (died 1628)source
- 1612Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch scholar (died 1653)source
- 1639Marie Mancini, Italian courtier, third of the five Mancini sisters (died 1715)source
- 1691Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empress consort (died 1750)source
- 1728John Stark, American Revolutionary War general (died 1822)source
- 1738Etteilla, French occult cartomancer (died 1791)source
- 1749Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer and politician (died 1832)source
- 1774Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (died 1821)source
- 1810Jaime Balmes, priest and philosopher (died 1848)source
- 1814Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer (died 1873)source
- 1828William A. Hammond, American military physician, neurologist and 11th Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) (died 1900)source
- 1831Lucy Webb Hayes, First Lady of the United States (died 1889)source
- 1841Louis Le Prince, French inventor, Father of Cinematography (died 1890)source
- 1896Arthur Calwell, Australian politician (died 1973)source
- 1917Jack Kirby, American comic book artist (died 1994)source
- 1996Kim Se-jeong, South Korean singer and actresssource
Deaths
- 388Magnus Maximus, Roman emperorsource
- 388Magnus Maximus surrenders at Aquileia, and is executed. Theodosius I devotes himself to gluttony and voluptuous living. Maximus' son Flavius Victor is executed at Trier, by Valentinian's magister militum Arbogast.source
- 430Augustine of Hippo, bishop and theologian (born 354)source
- 476Orestes, Roman politician and regentsource
- 632Fatimah, daughter of Muhammadsource
- 770Kōken, empress of Japan (born 718)source
- 770Empress Kōken (also Shōtoku) of Japan dies.source
- 876Louis the German, king of the East Frankish Kingdomsource
- 876King Louis the German dies at Frankfurt, while preparing for war against his brother Charles II ("the Bald"), ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. The East Frankish Kingdom is divided among his three sons: Carloman receives Bavaria and styles himself "King of Bavaria". Louis the Younger receives Saxony (with Franconia and Thuringia), and Charles the Fat receives Swabia (with Raetia).source
- 919He Gui, Chinese general (born 858)source
- 1026Richard II, "the Good", duke of Normandysource
- 1055Xing Zong, Chinese emperor (born 1016)source
- 1057Abe no Yoritoki, Japanese samuraisource
- 1149Mu'in al-Din Unur, Seljuk ruler of Damascussource
- 1231Eleanor of Portugal, queen consort of Denmarksource
- 1341King Leo IV of Armenia (murdered) (born 1309)source
- 1406John de Sutton V (born 1380)source
- 1478Donato Acciaioli, Italian scholar (born 1428)source
- 1481King Afonso V of Portugal (born 1432)source
- 1496Kanutus Johannis, Swedish Franciscan friar, writer and book collectorsource
- 1504John Paston, English gentleman known from the Paston Letters (born 1444)source
- 1522Giovanni Antonio Amadeo, sculptor, engineer and architectsource
- 1540Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (born 1500)source
- 1561Jacqueline de Longwy, noblewoman, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine, Duchess of Montpensier (born 1497).source
- 1609Francis Vere, English soldier (born c. 1560)source
- 1645Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (born 1583)source
- 1654Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden since 1612 (born 1583)source
- 1654Axel Oxenstierna, politician (born 1583)source
- 1665Elisabetta Sirani, Italian painter (born 1638)source
- 1667Jai Singh I, Maharaja of Jaipur (born 1611)source
- 1677Wallerant Vaillant, painter of the Dutch Golden Age (born 1623)source
- 1678John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, English soldier (born 1602)source
- 1757David Hartley, English philosopher (born 1705)source
- 1784Junípero Serra, Spanish Franciscan missionary (born 1713)source
- 1805Christopher Gadsden, American statesman (born 1724)source
- 1805Christopher Gadsden, statesman (born 1724)source
- 1826Józef Zajączek, Polish general, politician (born 1752)source
- 1839William Smith, English geologist, cartographer (born 1769)source
- 1859Leigh Hunt, British critic, essayist (born 1784)source
- 1859Sultan Abd al-Rahman of Morocco (born 1788)source
- 1861William Lyon Mackenzie, Scottish journalist, 1st Mayor of Toronto (born 1795)source
- 1899At least 512 people are killed when a debris hill from the Sumitomo Besshi copper mine at Niihama, Shikoku, Japan, collapses.source
- 1941sinking of a Soviet steamer with 3500 Soviet-mobilized Estonian men on board, 598 of them died.source
- 1943WWII: King Boris III of Bulgaria dies under suspicious circumstances; his 6-year-old son, Simeon II, ascends to the throne.source
- 1955Emmett Till, American murder victim (born 1941)source
- 1987John Huston, 81, American film director and actor (The Maltese Falcon, The African Queen, Moulin Rouge), pneumonia.source
- 1988Seventy people are killed and 346 injured in one of the worst air show disasters in history at Germany's Ramstein Air Base, when three jets from the Italian air demonstration team, Frecce Tricolori, collide, sending one of the aircraft crashing into the crowd of spectators.source
- 1992August 24–28 – Hurricane Andrew hits south Florida and Louisiana and dissipates over the Tennessee valley when it merges with a storm system; 23 are killed.source
- 1993A Tajik Air Yakovlev Yak-40 passenger flight crashed at Khorog Airport in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, killing 82 passengers and crew members on board were killed.source
- 1995Earl W. Bascom, 89, American visual artist, rodeo performer, inventor, and actor, heart failure.source