/year

July 10 in history

248 sourced entries recorded on July 10, from 48 BCE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 48 BCEBattle of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia; he retreats to Thessaly.source
  • 361Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Aidi, age 20, succeeds Jin Mudi, as emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.source
  • 420The Jin Dynasty ends in China. Liu Yu (Emperor Wu of Liu Song) becomes the first ruler of the Liu Song Dynasty. The capital of the dynasty is Nanjing.source
  • 645Isshi Incident: Prince Naka-no-Ōe and Fujiwara no Kamatari assassinate Soga no Iruka, during a coup d'état at the imperial palace.source
  • 901Battle of Zamora: In Al-Andalus, Ibn al-Qitt and Abū Naṣr ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Alī al-Sarrāj call for a small jihad, but are defeated by King Alfonso III.source
  • 1194A fire devastates Chartres Cathedral. Only the crypt, the towers, and the new facade survives. Funds are collected from nobles, as well as small donations from ordinary people, to start the rebuilding.source
  • 1212The Great Fire: The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground; over 3,000 people die, many of them by drowning in the River Thames. According to a contemporary account: "An awful fire broke out on the Southwark side of London Bridge; while it was raging, a fire broke out at the other end also and so hemmed in the numerous crowds who had assembled to help the distressed. The sufferers, to avoid the flames, threw themselves over the bridge into boats and barges; but many of these sunk, the people crowding into them.".source
  • 1300English invasion of Scotland (1300): King Edward I of England begins a five-day siege of Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland. Enraged by the defending garrison's request for honorable surrender terms, Edward orders the destruction of the castle with battering rams and stone-lobbing trebuchet catapults, then pulls down the walls of the garrison.source
  • 1301Indian forces under Sultan Alauddin Khalji capture Ranthambore Fortress. During the siege, General Nusrat Khan Jalesari is hit and killed by a manjaniq stone.source
  • 1305Battle of Apros: Byzantine forces (some 6,000 men) under Michael IX Palaiologos, consisting of a large contingent of Alans and Turcopoles (Christianized Turks), attack the Catalan Company near Apros. Michael orders a general cavalry charge, but the Turcopoles desert en bloc to the Catalans. During the battle, the Byzantines are defeated (with many losses from the crossbowmen) and Michael is injured but escapes the field.source
  • 1310The Council of Ten (or simply "the Ten"), Il Consiglio dei Dieci is created to govern the Republic of Venice, by decree of Pietro Gradenigo, Doge of Venice. The council, the inner circle of oligarchical patricians, initially investigates the conspiracy of Bajamonte Tiepolo.source
  • 1358Battle of Mello: The Jacquerie rebellion is defeated by a coalition of nobles, led by Charles II of Navarre.source
  • 1372The Treaty of Tagilde is signed between Ferdinand I of Portugal and representatives of John of Gaunt of England, marking the beginning of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, which remains in effect into the 21st century.source
  • 1376The Good Parliament is dissolved (at this time, it is the longest Parliament to have sat in England).source
  • 1399Ladislaus regains the throne of the Kingdom of Naples, after King Louis II of Anjou and his army have left the city to suppress a rebllion in Apulia.source
  • 1423Pope Martin V gives his approval of the Treaty of Melno.source
  • 1434In the Kingdom of León in Spain, Suero de Quiñones and his companions stage the Passo Honroso, at the bridge across the Órbigo River near Santiago de Compostela. Any knight attempting to cross the bridge is challenged to a joust by the Quiñones knights. The challenge continues for the next 30 days.source
  • 1460Wars of the Roses – King Henry VI of England is captured as prisoner of war after his army is defeated at the Battle of Northampton by the earls of Warwick and March. It is agreed that York will be Henry's heir, disinheriting the King's son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.source
  • 1461Stephen Tomašević becomes the last King of Bosnia, on the death of his father Stephen Thomas.source
  • 1464The siege of Jajce in Bosnia, a strategic fortress under the control of Hungary, is started by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II with 30,000 troops under his command.source
  • 1512King Ferdinand II of Aragon sends Don Fadrique de Toledo, to complete the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.source
  • 1519The Prince of Ning rebellion begins, after Zhu Chenhao declares the Ming dynasty's Zhengde Emperor a usurper, and leads his army north in an attempt to capture Nanjing.source
  • 1544Troops of the Holy Roman Empire begin the six-week siege of Saint-Dizier in eastern France.source
  • 1546The Schmalkaldic War begins with an attack by the Protestant German states against the town of Füssen, a village of the Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg in Bavaria.source
  • 1547In France, a duel takes place at between Guy I de Chabot, the future Baron of Jarnac, and François de Vivonne, Lord of La Châtaigneraie, in front of the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Vivonne, known for his fencing ability, is wounded and dies the next day.source
  • 1553Four days after the death of her cousin King Edward VI, Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England – a position she holds for the next nine days.source
  • 155510 July - 5 August - Jacques de Sores, in the head of a French fleet, burns and pillages Havana and the Castillo de la Real Fuerza that the Governor Hernando de Soto had built to counter acts of piracy.source
  • 1557July 10 – July 19: Thomas Radclyffe (newly succeeded as Earl of Sussex), Lord Deputy of Ireland, campaigns against the O'Connors of Offaly.source
  • 1559Francis II becomes King of France following the death of his father, Henry II. Members of the House of Guise and the new king's mother Catherine de' Medici dispute control over the kingdom.source
  • 1569Coronation of John III and Catherine Jagiellon.source
  • 1598John Barrose, a Burgundian fencer who has challenged all comers and killed several, is hanged for murder. Barrose's story is dramatized by playwright Ben Jonson in Every Man in His Humour.source
  • 1606England deports 47 Roman Catholic priests, including Thomas Garnet, putting them on board a ship bound for Flanders in modern-day Belgium. A royal proclamation is read to the group, warning them that they will be put to death if they ever return to the British Isles.source
  • 1606Simion Movilă becomes the new Prince of Moldavia upon the death of his older brother, Ieremia Movilă. Simion will reign for only 14 months before being poisoned on September 14, 1607.source
  • 1607Ottoman Grand Vizier Kuyucu Murad Pasha launches a secret expedition to confront rebel Kurdish tribal chief Ali Janbulad, who has seized control of Aleppo in what is now Syria.source
  • 1609The German Catholic League is formed in Munich by Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria to counteract the Protestant Union. Maximilian assembles representatives from Augsburg, Konstanz, Passau, Regensburg, and Würzburg in an alliance "for the defense of the Catholic religion and peace" within the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • 1623The English ship Anne becomes the third vessel to bring settlers to Plymouth Colony, the Puritan settlement in modern-day Massachusetts, carrying more settlers, after the Mayflower on November 21, 1620, and the Fortune on November 9, 1621.source
  • 1627July 5–13 – Turkish Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Algiers raid the East Fjords of Iceland and take captives into slavery.source
  • 1628Royal proclamation on the licensing of taverns and hostelries in the Duchy of Brabant, and the prosecution of crimes of violence taking place in them.source
  • 1636The Senate of the Venetian Republic votes, 82 to 4, in favor of renewing the charter of Jewish merchants to sell within the city, after a delay of almost six months.source
  • 1642In a prelude to the First English Civil War, King Charles I of England besieges Hull in an attempt to gain control of its arsenal. The siege lasts until July 27, with Charles's Royalist Army failing to take the city from the Parliamentarians commanded by Governor John Hotham and General John Meldrum.source
  • 164210 July–30 July – Charles besieges Hull in an attempt to gain control of its arsenal.source
  • 1645English Civil War: Battle of Langport – Cromwell wins in Somerset.source
  • 1652The First Anglo-Dutch War begins formally as the English Commonwealth declares war against the Dutch Republic.source
  • 1668Henry Morgan's raid on Porto Bello: Welsh privateer Henry Morgan and 450 men under his command plunder the city of Portobello on the Isthmus of Panama and spend 14-days in the attack before withdrawing.source
  • 1690July 10 (June 30 O.S.) – Battle of Beachy Head: the Anglo-Dutch navy is defeated by the French, giving rise to fears of a Jacobite invasion of England.source
  • 1690Battle of Beachy Headsource
  • 1738Thomas Pellow of Cornwall finally escapes captivity, 23 years after having been captured by Barbary pirates and held as a slave in Morocco. He arrives in British territory when the ship he is on sails into Gibraltar Bay on July 21, and later recounts his story in the book The Adventures of Thomas Pellow, of Penryn, Mariner: Three and Twenty Years in Captivity Among the Moors.source
  • 1738Thomas Pellow of Cornwall finally escapes captivity, 23 years after having been captured by Barbary pirates and held as a slave in Morocco. He arrives in British territory when the ship he is on sails into Gibraltar Bay on 21 July, and later recounts his story in the book The Adventures of Thomas Pellow, of Penryn, Mariner: Three and Twenty Years in Captivity Among the Moors.source
  • 1754The Albany Plan of Union is given official approval by the delegates from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Massachusetts, with Connecticut opposing. The plan approved at the meeting in Albany, New York is based on Benjamin Franklin's suggestions of "a general union of the British colonies on the continent" for a common defense policy. As amended at the assembly, the proposed union calls for the British Parliament to approve the arrangement, which would encompass all of the British North American colonies except for Georgia and Nova Scotia. The plan, to be considered by the individual colonies for ratification, provides for an inter-colonial legislature (the Grand Council) composed of between two and seven representatives for each colony, depending on population. It also provides for a "President General" who can veto Grand Council legislation, a common defense budget with colonies contributing proportionately to their representation, and an inter-colonial army whose officers would be selected by the Grand Council.source
  • 1765King George III dismisses George Grenville from the office of Prime Minister of Great Britain, and replaces him with another Whig Party statesman, Charles Watson-Wentworth, Lord Rockingham.source
  • 1778Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.source
  • 1789Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River Delta.source
  • 1789Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River delta in North America.source
  • 1790The U.S. House of Representatives votes 32–29 to approve creating the District of Columbia from portions of Maryland and Virginia for the eventual seat of government and national capital.source
  • 1796Carl Friedrich Gauss discovers that every positive integer is representable as a sum of at most 3 triangular numbers.source
  • 1800Fort William College is established by Lord Wellesley, British Governor-General of India, in Calcutta, to promote Bengali, Hindi and other vernaculars of the Indian subcontinent.source
  • 1802The British occupation of the Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy discontinues.source
  • 1806Vellore Mutiny: Indian sepoys mutiny against the East India Company, for the first time.source
  • 1808The Commerce arrives in Port Jackson. Te Pahi arrives ill and is unable to meet Governor Bligh formally in any case as the latter is under house arrest.source
  • 18091,800 men under the command of Major General Georg Frederik von Krogh attacked Jemtland from Norway.source
  • 1810Peninsular War: Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo: French forces (28,000 men) under Marshal André Masséna take the fortified city of Ciudad Rodrigo on route into Portugal.source
  • 1812Publication of report of the first detailed inquiry into the convict system in Australia by a Select committee on Transportation. The committee supported Governor Macquarie's liberal policies in general. However, the committee thought that fewer ticket of leave should be issued and opposed the governor having the power to grant pardons. The committee concluded that the colony should be made as prosperous as possible so as to provide work for the convicts and to encourage them to become settlers after being given their freedom.source
  • 1815The Icelandic Bible Society was founded.source
  • 1815Apothecaries Act prohibits unlicensed medical practitioners.source
  • 1817David Brewster patents the kaleidoscope.source
  • 1824Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette and a beloved hero of the American Revolution, departs from the port of Le Havre in France on the ship Cadmus for a triumphant return to the United States; he arrives in New York on August 15.source
  • 1832The United States Survey of the Coast is revived within the Department of the Treasury.source
  • 1832President Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.source
  • 1834July 7–10 – Anti-abolitionist riots break out in New York City.source
  • 1851The University of the Pacific is chartered as California Wesleyan College, in Santa Clara, California.source
  • 1866Reconstruction Treaty with Choctaw & Chickasaw, completing the abolition of slavery in the United States; see also Choctaw freedmen.source
  • 1869Gävle, Sweden, is destroyed in a city fire; 8,000 people become homeless.source
  • 1869Gävle is largely destroyed in a fire; 80% of its 10,000 residents are left homeless.source
  • 1873Paul Verlaine shoots at Arthur Rimbaud, slightly injuring him.source
  • 1877Consecration of new Merthyr Synagogue, the oldest surviving synagogue building in Wales.source
  • 1877July 9–19 – The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club stages the first Wimbledon Championships in lawn tennis. English cricketer Spencer Gore becomes first Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champion (the only event held).source
  • 1883Battle of Huamachucosource
  • 1890Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state.source
  • 1895July 10–11 – The Doukhobors' pacifist protests culminate in the "burning of the arms" in the South Caucasus.source
  • 1899British colonial authorities in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan give control of the Red Sea port of Suakin to Sudan, after having agreed that Egypt would have the right to administer commerce there.source
  • 1901The world's first passenger-carrying trolleybus in regular service operates on the Biela Valley Trolleybus route at Königstein, Germany.source
  • 1901Bielathal, Königstein, Saxony, launches the world's first regular passenger-carrying trolleybus service.source
  • 1902The Rolling Mill Mine disaster in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, kills 112 miners.source
  • 1905A Japanese expedition takes control of the Russian island of Sakhalin after a short battle.source
  • 1910July 9–10 – 'Fowler's match': the Eton v Harrow cricket match at Lord's ground in London, known after the captain of Eton College, Robert St Leger Fowler, and described as "what might just be the greatest cricket match of all time".source
  • 1912The Italian Reformist Socialist Party is founded by leading reformists Leonida Bissolati and Ivanoe Bonomi who had been expelled from the Italian Socialist Party because of their desire of entering in the majority supporting Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti. Bissolati's refusal to oppose the war with Turkey for the conquest of Libya triggered his resignation as socialist Member of Parliament in February 1912.source
  • 1913Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C), the all-time highest temperature recorded on Earth (although its validity has been challenged, and in 2020 a temperature of 54.4 °C was recorded at the same location, which would make it the world's highest verified air temperature, subject to confirmation).source
  • 1916July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – At least one shark mauls five swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline during the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, resulting in four deaths and the survival of one youth who required limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1921Portuguese legislative election, 1921.source
  • 1923Large hailstones kill 23 people in Rostov, Soviet Union.source
  • 1924Paavo Nurmi of Finland wins the 1,500 and 5,000 m runs within two hours at the Paris Olympics.source
  • 1925Meher Baba begins his 44-year silence.source
  • 1925July 10–21 – Scopes trial: in a staged test case (the "Monkey Trial") in Dayton, Tennessee, United States, John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher (technically arrested on May 5 and indicted on May 25) is accused of assigning a reading from a (state-mandated) textbook on Darwinian evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law, the "Butler Act". He is found guilty and fined $100, though the verdict is later overturned on a technicality. The trial makes explicit the fundamentalist–modernist controversy within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, with William Jennings Bryan (who dies on July 26) being challenged by the liberal Clarence Darrow.source
  • 1926A bolt of lightning strikes Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey; the resulting fire causes several million pounds of explosives to blow up in the next 2–3 days.source
  • 1927Taiwanese People's Party, founded 1927, was nominally Taiwan's first political party.source
  • 1927Timothy Coughlan, Bill Gannon and Archie Doyle, members of the anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army, shoot dead Kevin O'Higgins, Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State and Minister for Justice, as O'Higgins is walking to Mass in Dublin.source
  • 1930July 3–10 – The First Eastern Women's Congress takes place in Damascus in Syria.source
  • 1931Norway issues a royal proclamation claiming the uninhabited part of eastern Greenland as Erik the Red's Land.source
  • 1933Vilhelm Krag, author (born 1871)source
  • 1943(0245 GMT (4:45 a.m. local time)) – WWII: Allied invasion of Sicily – The Allied invasion of Axis-controlled Europe begins, with landings on the island of Sicily off mainland Italy by the Seventh United States Army and the British Eighth Army, including the 1st Canadian Infantry Division.source
  • 1943The Holocaust: Jedwabne pogrom – At least 340 Polish Jews are marched to a local barn, locked inside and subsequently burned to death.source
  • 19491949 Khait earthquakesource
  • 1951A formal peace agreement between Canada and Germany is signed.source
  • 1951Korean War: Armistice negotiations begin at Kaesong.source
  • 1953The Soviet official newspaper Pravda announces that Lavrentiy Beria has been deposed as head of the NKVD.source
  • 1954Peter Thomson becomes the first Australian to win the British Open Golf Championship.source
  • 1956The British House of Lords defeats the abolition of the death penalty.source
  • 1957The Philippine Army establishes its headquarters located at the Fort Andres Bonifacio in Taguig, Rizal, under the leadership of Brigadier General Leoncio S. Tan.source
  • 1958Luxembourg signs a convention with the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate on the construction of the Vianden Pumped Storage Plant.source
  • 1959A memorial for Frank Foley (1884–1958) was dedicated in Harel, Israel, in the form of a forest planted in the desert. As a passport control officer at Britain's embassy in Nazi Germany, Foley flouted strict rules in order to help as many as 10,000 German Jews to leave the country.source
  • 1960The Eritrean Liberation Front was founded, with the goal of liberating Eritrea from the rule of Ethiopia.source
  • 1960The Soviet Union national football team defeats the Yugoslavia national football team 2–1 in Paris to win the first UEFA European Championship.source
  • 1962Yehuda Leib Maimon (born 1875), Russian (Bassarabia)-born Israeli rabbi and government minister.source
  • 1962AT&T's Telstar, the world's first commercial communications satellite, is launched into orbit and activated the next day.source
  • 1965A by-election was held in Hong Lim after Ong Eng Guan of the United People's Party resigned. After the vote, Lee Khoon Choy from the People's Action Party was elected into Hong Lim constituency, defeating Ong Chang Sam of the Barisan Sosialis.source
  • 19661966 Albanian parliamentary electionsource
  • 1966The Easybeats leave for London. Their departure is delayed when they were among the 100 passengers forced to disembark their plane at Kingsford Smith Airport when an anonymous caller claimed a bomb was on the aircraft.source
  • 1967New Zealand decimalises its currency from pound to dollar at £1 to $2 ($1 = 10/-).source
  • 1967The nation's currency is decimalised, with the New Zealand dollar replacing the New Zealand pound at a rate of two dollars to a pound.source
  • 1967Heavy massive rains and a landslide at Kobe and Kure, Hiroshima, Japan, kill at least 371.source
  • 1969July 10 to 16 – According to Chinese government official confirmed report, a torrential massive heavy rain and debris flow, maximum nearly 600 to 1,000 millimeters precipitation amount, massive flood in Jianghan Plain, Anhui Province, Yangtze river, total 1,603 persons were human relative fatalities.source
  • 1971July 10–11 – Coup attempt in Morocco: 1,400 cadets take over the king's palace for three hours and kill 28 people; 158 rebels die when the king's troops storm the palace (ten high-ranking officers are later executed for involvement).source
  • 1971Gloria Steinem makes her Address to the Women of America.source
  • 1971Chaim Sheba (born 1908), Austro-Hungarian (Bukovina)-born Israeli physician.source
  • 1972July 10–14 – The Democratic National Convention meets in Miami Beach. Senator George McGovern, who backs the immediate and complete withdrawal of U.S. troops from South Vietnam, is nominated for president. He names fellow Senator Thomas Eagleton as his running mate.source
  • 1972At least 24 people have been killed by elephants crazed by heat and drought in separate incidents in the Chandka Forest of India, according to news agency reports.source
  • 1973The Bahamas gains full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations.source
  • 1976Four mercenaries, three British and one American, are shot by firing squad in Angola, following the Luanda Trial.source
  • 1976Seveso disaster: An explosion at a chemical plant in Seveso, Italy, causes extensive pollution to a large area in the neighborhood of Milan, with many evacuations and a large number of people affected by the toxic cloud.source
  • 19771977 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking.source
  • 1977A temperature of 48.0 °C, a record for continental Europe, is recorded in Greece.source
  • 1979Mehmet Ali Ağca, charged with the murder of Abdi İpekçi, is arrested.source
  • 1981Mahathir Mohamad becomes the 4th Prime Minister of Malaysia.source
  • 19811981 Handsworth riots in Birmingham begin, followed by further 1981 England riots in several urban areas including Liverpool and Leeds.source
  • 1985The first Malaysian national car Proton Saga was officially launched by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad with the first cars coming off from the production line in July 9.source
  • 1985The Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland Harbour by French DGSE agents.source
  • 1985Aeroflot Flight 5143 crashes near Uchquduq, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union, killing all 200 people on board.source
  • 1989July 9–12 – U.S. President George H. W. Bush travels to Poland and Hungary, pushing for U.S. economic aid and investment.source
  • 1989300,000 Siberian coal miners go on strike, demanding better living conditions and less bureaucracy.source
  • 1990The UEFA lifts the five-year ban on English association football teams competing in Continental Europe after the Heysel Stadium disaster, although Liverpool F.C. will remain banned for a further three years.source
  • 199110 July–9 August – The First Battle of Elephant Pass took was fought between the Sri Lankan army and the LTTE over control of the Sri Lankan military base of Elephant Pass, which was of strategic importance as it connected to the northern mainland of Vanni with the Jaffna Peninsula.source
  • 1992The Giotto spacecraft flies past Comet 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup, gathering measurements about the comet.source
  • 1992In Miami, former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for participating in the illegal drug trade and racketeering.source
  • 1995Burmese dissident Aung San Suu Kyi is freed from house arrest.source
  • 1997July 9–12: President Glafcos Clerides and his Turkish counterpart Rauf Denktaş held face-to-face talks with each other under U.N. auspices at Troutbeck, New York.source
  • 1997In London, scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neanderthal skeleton, which support the out of Africa theory of human evolution, placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.source
  • 1998Caracol Televisión and RCN Televisión are both launched as television networks.source
  • 1999The Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement was signed by President Sam Nujoma and other African heads of state in Lusaka, Zambia.source
  • 1999American soccer player Brandi Chastain scores the game winning penalty kick against China in the final of the FIFA Women's World Cup.source
  • 2000In southern Nigeria, a leaking petroleum pipeline explodes, killing about 250 villagers who were scavenging gasoline.source
  • 2003The Three Gorges Dam in China begins operating when the first of its 34 generators is activated.source
  • 2003The existence of PSR B1620−26 b, the oldest known exoplanet in the galaxy, is confirmed using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope.source
  • 2007The Gadhafi Foundation announces a deal has been reached with families of more than 400 children infected with HIV in the case of five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor.source
  • 2008Apple Inc. launches the App Store with 500 apps available at launch.source
  • 2015July 5–13 – Greek government-debt crisis: After six months of clashes and futile negotiations between Greece's newly elected, leftist government and the country's creditors, over the austerity measures imposed through bailout programmes, tension peaks as Greece votes in a referendum to reject the terms offered in a third programme; however, the government eventually proceeds to concur to harsher terms than those offered before, in what was widely characterized as a coup on the creditors' part.source
  • 2017Iraqi Civil War: Mosul is declared fully liberated from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.source
  • 2018Twelve boys and their football coach are successfully rescued from the flooded Tham Luang Nang Non cave in Thailand, following a 17-day ordeal that gained worldwide attention. One person, a law enforcement officer is killed.source
  • 2019The last Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the line in Puebla, Mexico. The last of 5,961 "Special Edition" cars will be exhibited in a museum.source
  • 2020The 2020 Singaporean general election is held to elect all 93 members of the Parliament of Singapore and the People's Action Party, led by prime minister Lee Hsien Loong wins 83 out of 93 seats.source
  • 2020The ECB accepts Bulgaria and Croatia into ERM II, a mandatory stage for countries wishing to adopt the euro. This is the currency union's first major expansion in half a decade.source
  • 2020Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan orders the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul to be reverted to a mosque following a supreme court annulment of a 1934 presidential decree that made it into a museum.source
  • 2021August 1 – The 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup is held in, and is won by, the United States.source
  • 2022July 7 – July 17 – The 2022 World Games is held in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.source
  • 2024First Sermon of Lord Buddhasource

Births

  • 1205Hōjō Masamura, Japanese nobleman (died 1273)source
  • 1269Emperor Duanzong (or Zhao Shi) of China (died 1278)source
  • 1419Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (died 1471)source
  • 1451James III of Scotland (died 1488)source
  • 1496Johann Forster, German theologian (died 1558)source
  • 1501Cho Sik, Korean Confucian scholar and politician (died 1572)source
  • 1509John Calvin, French religious reformer (died 1564)source
  • 1509John Calvin, theologian, principal developer of the system later called Calvinism (died 1564)source
  • 1515Francisco de Toledo, Viceroy of Peru (died 1582)source
  • 1517Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (died 1571)source
  • 1533Antonio Possevino, Italian diplomat (died 1611)source
  • 160610 July Corfitz Ulfeldt, statesman, and one of the most notorious traitors in Danish history (died 1664)source
  • 1614Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English royalist statesman (died 1686)source
  • 1658Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, Italian soldier and naturalist (died 1730)source
  • 1666John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian (died 1711)source
  • 1682Roger Cotes, English mathematician (died 1716)source
  • 1682Roger Cotes, mathematician (died 1716)source
  • 1723William Blackstone, English jurist (died 1780)source
  • 1724Eva Ekeblad, Swedish scientist (died 1786)source
  • 1764Carl Wilhelm Jessen, naval officer (died 1823)source
  • 1830Camille Pissarro, French painter (died 1903)source
  • 1834James McNeill Whistler, American painter, etcher (died 1903)source
  • 1842Manuel Bulnes Pinto (died 1899)source
  • 1856Nikola Tesla, Serbian-American inventor (died 1943)source
  • 1875Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (died 1955)source
  • 1895Carl Orff, German composer (died 1982)source
  • 1925Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysian politician; Former prime minister of Malaysiasource
  • 2002Prince Hridayendra of Nepalsource

Deaths

  • 138Hadrian, Roman emperor died at Baie (born AD 76)source
  • 138Hadrian dies after a heart failure at Baiae, and is buried at Rome in the Gardens of Domitia beside his wife, Vibia Sabina.source
  • 645Soga no Iruka, statesman of Japansource
  • 649Taizong, Chinese Tang dynasty emperor (born 598)source
  • 649Emperor Taizong dies after a 23-year reign, in which he has restored the civil administration in China. He is succeeded by his son Gaozong, age 20, who becomes ruler of the Tang dynasty.source
  • 685Constantine IV, Byzantine emperor (born 652)source
  • 685Emperor Constantine IV dies of dysentery at Constantinople after a 17-year reign, and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Justinian II.source
  • 772Amalberga of Temse, Lotharingian nun and saint (born 741)source
  • 831Zubaidah bint Ja`far, Abbasid princess, wife of caliph Harun al-Rashid, mother of al-Amin.source
  • 983Pope Benedict VII dies after a 9-year reign. Otto II secures the election of the imperial chancellor and appoints John XIV as the 136th pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 983Benedict VII, pope of the Catholic Churchsource
  • 994Leopold I, margrave of Austria (born 940)source
  • 1086Canute IV ("the Holy"), king of Denmarksource
  • 1093Ulrich of Zell, German Cluniac reformer (born 1029)source
  • 1099El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar), Castilian knightsource
  • 1103Eric I, king of Denmarksource
  • 1110Elias I of Maine (de Baugency), French noblemansource
  • 1137Pain FitzJohn, Norman noblemansource
  • 1205Hatakeyama Shigeyasu, Japanese samuraisource
  • 1226In Baghdad, Al-Mānsūr al-Mustansir bi-llah (known as Al-Mustansir I) becomes the new Caliph of the adherents of Islam (and the 36th of the Abbasid dyansty), succeeding his father, al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah, who died only nine months after succeeding to the Caliphate.source
  • 1238Sophia of Wittelsbach, German noblewomansource
  • 1264Isabella de Clare, English noblewoman (born 1226)source
  • 1290Ladislaus IV ("the Cuman"), king of Hungary and Croatia (born 1262)source
  • 1290King Ladislaus IV of Hungary ("the Cuman") is assassinated at the castle of Körösszeg (modern Romania). He is succeeded by Andrew III ("the Venetian"), after an election by Hungarian nobles, who is crowned by Archbishop Lodomer as new ruler of Hungary and Croatia in Székesfehérvár on July 23.source
  • 1307Richard de Havering (or Richard de Haverings) (died 1341) was elected Archbishop of Dublin in March and appointed 10 July; although he received possession of the see's temporalities on 13 September, he was never consecrated and after enjoying the dignity and profits of the see resigned 21 November 1310.source
  • 1347Roger de la Freigne, Seneschal of Kilkenny.source
  • 1460John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (born c. 1413)source
  • 1460Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont, English baron (born 1422)source
  • 1460Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English military leader (born 1402)source
  • 1473James II of Cyprus (born c. 1440)source
  • 1473James II, King of Cyprus, dies after a reign of nine years. In that his widow, the Queen Consort Catherine, is eight months pregnant with the couple's son, she becomes Queen Regent and the throne is deemed to remain vacant until the child is born.source
  • 1480René of Anjou, king of Naples (born 1409)source
  • 1480René of Anjou, Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence (born 1409)source
  • 1510Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus (born 1454)source
  • 1516Alice FitzHugh, English heir (born 1448)source
  • 1518Sibylle of Baden, Countess consort of Hanau-Lichtenberg (born 1485)source
  • 1559King Henry II of France (jousting accident) (born 1519)source
  • 1559Henry II of France (born 1519)source
  • 1584Willem van Oranje, the leader of the Dutch Republic as Stadtholder of Holland, is assassinated in Delft. Balthasar Gérard, who bought two wheel-lock pistols and then made an appointment with at the Prinsenhof, shoots William in the chest at close range and fatally wounds him, making William the first head of state to be assassinated with a handgun.source
  • 1584Francis Throckmorton, conspirator against Queen Elizabeth I of England (executed; b. 1554)source
  • 1584William the Silent, Prince of Orange (assassinated; b. 1533)source
  • 1590Charles II, Archduke of Austria, regent of Inner Austria (born 1540)source
  • 1595Udai Singh of Marwar, Ruler of Marwar (born 1538)source
  • 1603Joan Terès i Borrull, viceroy of Catalonia (born 1538)source
  • 1620John Boyle, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross (born 1563?)source
  • 1653Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (born 1600)source
  • 1654Peter Vowell and John Gerard are executed in London for plotting to assassinate Oliver Cromwell.source
  • 1686John Fell, English churchman (born 1625)source
  • 1796Joseph Fairbanks, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia. (born 1718)source
  • 1806George Stubbs, English animal painter (born 1724)source
  • 1851Louis Daguerre, French artist, chemist (born 1787)source
  • 1863Clement Clarke Moore, American writer and teacher (born 1779)source
  • 1884Paul Morphy, American chess player (born 1837)source
  • 1914Nicholas Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, dies of a heart attack while visiting Austrian minister Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen at the Austrian Legation in Belgrade.source
  • 1920John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher, British admiral (born 1841)source