1283 CE

Most of Dublin, including St. Patrick's Cathedral, is burned in a fire. A parliament of England summoned by Edward I to assemble at Shrewsbury Abbey to decide the fate of the Welsh prince Dafydd ap Gruffydd (captured on June 22) is the first to include commoners. The last ruler of an independent Wales, Dafydd ap Gruffydd (David), Prince of Wales, is executed in Shrewsbury, the first prominent person in history to be hanged, drawn and quartered, as capital punishment for the newly created crime of high treason (against Edward I of England).

In the 1280s, the 13th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • June 1 – Treaty of Rheinfelden: The 11-year-old Rudolf II is forced to relinquish his claim on the Duchies of Austria and Styria to his elder brother, Albert I. According to the terms of the agreement, concluded at the Imperial City of Rheinfelden (modern Switzerland), Rudolf receives some territories in Further Austria in return.source
  • The first regulated Catalan Courts are reunited by King Peter III, for the whole Principality of Catalonia. It became one of the first medieval parliaments that bans the royal power to create legislation unilaterally.source
  • Walter de Fulburn became Lord Chancellor of IrelandIrelandsource

Conflict & Security

  • January 18 – King Edward I of England ("Longshanks") captures Dolwyddelan Castle in North Wales from the Welsh.source
  • February 13–14 – Battle of Thị Nại Bay: A Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary force (some 5,000 men) lands on the beach, near Champa's capital Vijaya in Vietnam. Despite being outnumbered, the Yuan invaders break the Cham defensive line and force King Indravarman V to retreat to the Western Highlands, where he wages a successful guerrilla campaign against the occupying Yuan forces.source
  • April 25 – The last independent Welsh stronghold, Castell y Bere, is surrendered by Cynfrig ap Madog to the English.source
  • July 8 – Battle of Malta: An Aragonese fleet (some 20 galleys) under Admiral Roger of Lauria attacks and defeats the Angevin ships in the Grand Harbour, sent to help put down a rebellion on Malta. Lauria lands his troops at the harbour and after two days raises his banner on the fortified city of Mdina ("Old City").source
  • Abu Ishaq Ibrahim I, ruler of the Hafsid Sultanate, is overthrown by the Bedouin rebellion, led by Abd al-Aziz I.source
  • Mongol forces invade the Khmer Empire (modern Cambodia). King Jayavarman VIII decides to pay tribute rather than fight the invasion, buying peace and preserving the empire.source
  • Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd: Construction of Caernarfon Castle, Conwy Castle and Harlech Castle in Wales by Edward I of England begins as a system of defenses against possible future Welsh uprisings.source
  • Mongol invasion of Burma: Mongol forces besiege the fortress at Ngasaunggyan on September 23. The Burmese garrison withstands the siege for two months, but finally falls to the invaders on December 3. The defeat breaks the morale of the Burmese defenses. Kaungsin, the next fortress in line, falls just six days later.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • June 29 – Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq sets out for a punitive expedition and marches from Córdoba to Jaén and Úbeda, and then northwards through difficult terrain. On the third day after crossing al-burt, the Marinid forces attack Montiel (a fortress belonging to the Order of Santiago) and Almedina.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 2 – Most of Dublin, including St. Patrick's Cathedral, is burned in a fire.source
  • June 28 – A parliament of England summoned by Edward I to assemble at Shrewsbury Abbey to decide the fate of the Welsh prince Dafydd ap Gruffydd (captured on June 22) is the first to include commoners.source
  • June – Qalawun ("the Victorious"), Mamluk ruler of Egypt, signs a peace treaty for 10 years with the Crusader States at Caesarea. It guarantees the Crusaders the possession of the territory from the Ladder of Tyre, north of Acre, to Mount Carmel and Atlit. But Tyre and Beirut are excluded. The right of free pilgrimage to Nazareth is permitted for the Christians.source

Economy & Finance

  • The German city of Goslar starts making efforts to redeem its already issued annuities, a sure indication of financial difficulty, and maybe an early sign of the 13th century crisis.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • Ram Khamhaeng, ruler of the Sukhothai Kingdom, creates the Thai alphabet during his reign (approximate date).source

Science & Discovery

  • The Libro de los juegos, an early European treatise on board games (including chess, dice, and a version of backgammon), is commissioned by King Alfonso X of Castile ("the Wise") (approximate date).source

Health & Medicine

  • King Philip III of France ("the Bold") outlaws Jews from residence in the small villages and rural localities of France, causing a mass migration.source

Climate & Environment

  • An earthquake destroys two thirds of the cave city of Vardzia, Georgia.source

Culture & Society

  • Ramon Llull, Spanish theologian, writes Blanquerna, the first major work of literature written in Catalan, and perhaps the first European novel.source

Births

  • April 9 – Margaret, Maid of Norway, queen-designate of Scotland (died 1290)source
  • Siemowit II of Masovia, Polish nobleman and prince (died 1345)source
  • Isabella of Castile, queen consort of Aragon, daughter of Sancho IV ("the Brave") (died 1328)source
  • Matteo Villani, Italian historian, chronicler and writer (died 1363)source
  • John of Charolais (or Clermont), French nobleman (died 1322)source
  • Anthony de Lucy (or Luci), English nobleman and knight (died 1343)source
  • Yoshida Kenkō, Japanese Buddhist monk and writer (died 1350)source
  • Galvano Fiamma, Italian Dominican friar and chronicler (died 1344)source
  • Fujiwara no Kinshi, Japanese empress consort and nun (died 1352)source
  • Shuho Myocho, Japanese teacher and Zen Master (died 1338)source

Deaths

  • January 9 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese poet and politician (born 1236)source
  • February/March – Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan, Zayyanid ruler of Tlemcen (born 1206)source
  • March 23 – Joseph I of Constantinople (Galesiotes), Byzantine abbot and patriarchsource
  • April 9 – Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway, the Maid of Scotland, queen consort of Norway (born 1261)source
  • June 7 – Robert of Holy Island, English Benedictine monk and bishopsource
  • August 12 – Blanche of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany, Breton noblewoman (born 1226)source
  • September 26 – Princess Kuniko (or Hoshi), Japanese empress (born 1209)source
  • October 3 – The last ruler of an independent Wales, Dafydd ap Gruffydd (David), Prince of Wales, is executed in Shrewsbury, the first prominent person in history to be hanged, drawn and quartered, as capital punishment for the newly created crime of high treason (against Edward I of England).source
  • October 3 – Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Welsh prince (born 1238)source
  • October 10 – Peter of Castile, Lord of Ledesma, Spanish prince (infante) (born 1260)source
  • November 27 – John of Montfort, Lord of Tyre, Outremer nobleman and knightsource
  • November 30 – John of Vercelli, Italian Master General (born 1205)source
  • December 15 – Philip I (or Courtenay), Latin Emperor of Constantinople (born 1243)source
  • December 25 – Manuel of Castile, Spanish nobleman (born 1234)source
  • Bonagratia de San Giovanni in PersicetoItalysource