/year

January 9 in history

204 sourced entries recorded on January 9, from 400 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 400Emperor Arcadius gives his wife Aelia Eudoxia the official title of Augusta. She is able to wear the purple paludamentum and is depicted in Roman currency.source
  • 475Emperor Zeno abdicates under pressure, as his wife's uncle Basiliscus stages a coup d'état at Constantinople, with support from Zeno's trusted adviser and fellow Isaurian Illus. Basiliscus usurps the throne and is proclaimed new emperor (Augustus) of the Eastern Roman Empire. He begins a 20-month reign; Zeno and his supporters flee to Isauria.source
  • 681Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council, in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews. Laws against violence to slaves are suppressed.source
  • 1038An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimated 32,300.source
  • 1127Jin–Song Wars: Jurchen forces sack the Chinese capital of Kaifeng of the Northern Song dynasty during the Jingkang incident. They capture Emperor Qinzong, along with his father, Huizong, and members of the House of Zhao.source
  • 1317The 23-year-old Philip the Tall, younger brother of the late King Louis X of France, is hastily crowned King of France, as King Philip V, at Rheims. The only son of King Louis X had been born posthumously, but died after four days. Supporters of King Louis felt that his eldest daughter, Joan II of Navarre, should have been crowned as the monarch. Mass protests follow in Artois, Champagne and Burgundy. The coronation of a brother, instead of the eldest daughter, as the successor to the throne sets the precedent for the Salic law, providing that the eldest male heir inherits the throne. Philip V reorganizes the French army by extending the military obligations of the realm. Each town and castellany is responsible for providing a specified number of fully equipped troops – such as sergeants and infantry militias, while towns in economically advanced areas like Flanders become a major source of men and money. At the same time, the arriére ban (military recruitment) is generally commuted in favour for taxation.source
  • 1350Giovanni II Valente becomes Doge of Genoa.source
  • 1370The funeral of the late Queen Philippa, who had served as Queen consort of England for 61 years as the wife of King Edward III, is held at Westminster Abbey.source
  • 1406Pope Innocent VII declares that Ladislaus is deposed as King of Naples, but refuses to acknowledge the order.source
  • 1414The Oldcastle Revolt, led by John Oldcastle as an uprising by the Lollards in England against King Henry V, begins at St. Giles' Fields. King Henry's troops, stationed at Clerkenwell Priory in London, halt the rebellion the next day and capture 80 rebels who are later convicted of and executed for treason.source
  • 1431Pretrial investigations for Joan of Arc begin at Rouen in France, which is under English occupation.source
  • 1433At Kraków, King Wladyslaw II of Poland issues the rule of 'Neminem captivabimus nisi iure victum' barring the arrest of any member of Poland's nobility unless that person has first been found guilty of an offense.source
  • 1434(Rajab 9, 837 AH) King Alfonso V of Aragon ruler of the Kingdom of Sicily as well, contracts with tapestry weaver Guillem d'Uxelles to Flanders to begin learning the Flemish methods to be duplicated in Spain, beginning the "Hispano-Flemish" style.source
  • 1438The city of Cluj (Kolozsvár) is conquered, thus marking the end of the Transylvanian peasant revolt, which started at Bobâlna.source
  • 1439A rebellion by peasants in Finland against the Swedish government, led by Anian Daavid, is ended by the Swedish Army after intervention by the Bishop of Turku. After confiscation of some untillable land to compensate other landowners for damages, the peasants are pardoned upon taking an oath never to rise up against the Swedish Crown again.source
  • 1470Grand Prince Jalsan of Joseon becomes the new King of Korea upon the death of his uncle, King Yejong. Jalisan takes the regnal name of King Seongjong.source
  • 1473Pope Sixtus IV lifts the order of interdict that had been placed by Pope Paul II on the late Bohemian King George of Poděbrady and his sons, granting absolution, after the sons convert to the Roman Catholic faith.source
  • 1522The papal conclave to elect a successor to the late Pope Leo X is concluded as cardinal Adriaan Florensz Boeyens of the Netherlands, regent of Spain and bishop of Tortosa, is selected as a compromise candidate despite being absent from the proceedings. Cardinal Boeyens is proclaimed as Pope Adrian VI, the 218th pope and the last non-Italian pontiff for the next 450 years.source
  • 1577The second Union of Brussels is formed, first without the Protestant counties of Holland and Zeeland (which is accepted by King Philip II of Spain), later with the Protestants, which means open rebellion of the whole of the Netherlands.source
  • 1606The Black Nazarene, a statue, arrives in Manila from Mexico.source
  • 1626Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's New Netherland colony, with two ships of Dutch emigrants.source
  • 1631The masque Love's Triumph Through Callipolis, written by Ben Jonson with music by Nicholas Lanier and designed by Inigo Jones, is performed at Whitehall Palace.source
  • 1644the Battle of Kolding begins the Torstenson War.source
  • 1646Battle of Bovey Heath in Devonshire: Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army surprises and routs the Royalist camp of Lord Wentworth.source
  • 1686Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, sworn as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in Dublin.source
  • 1689Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan marries Honora Burke, daughter of William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde, in Portumna Abbey.source
  • 1694Henry Purcell's ode Great Parent, Hail! and John Blow's anthem I Beheld, and Lo! are performed in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, at a concert to mark the centenary of Trinity College.source
  • 1703The Jamaican town of Port Royal, a center of trade in the Western Hemisphere and at this time the largest city in the Caribbean, is destroyed by a fire. British ships in the harbor are able to rescue much of the merchandise that has been unloaded on the docks, but the inventory in market-places in town is destroyed.source
  • 1727The world-famous Charité Hospital is established in Berlin, to be used for research and to help the poor. Prussia's King Frederick William I had ordered the conversion of a 16-year old institution, originally built in anticipation of an epidemic of the bubonic plague.source
  • 1728The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of the Russian Empire takes place in Moscow.source
  • 1737The Empires of Austria and Russia enter into a secret military alliance that leads to Austria's disastrous entry into the Russo-Turkish War.source
  • 1742Robert Walpole is made Earl of Orford, and resigns as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, effectively ending his period as Prime Minister of Great Britain. On his formally relinquishing office five days later, he will have served 20 years and 314 days as Prime Minister, the longest single term ever, and also longer than the accumulated terms of any other British Prime Minister.source
  • 1750At the age of 25, Henry Herbert the younger succeeds to his father's earldom of Pembroke.source
  • 1760Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas.source
  • 1767William Tryon, governor of the Royal Colony of North Carolina, signs a contract with architect John Hawks to build Tryon Palace, a lavish Georgian style governor's mansion on the New Bern waterfront.source
  • 1768Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London.source
  • 1768Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses in London.source
  • 1771Emperor Go-Momozono accedes to the throne of Tokugawa shogunate Japan following his aunt's abdication.source
  • 1787The North Carolina General Assembly authorizes nine commissioners to purchase 100 acres of land for the seat of Chatham County. The town is named Pittsborough (later shortened to Pittsboro), for William Pitt the Younger.source
  • 1788Connecticut ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fifth U.S. state.source
  • 1788Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa founded.source
  • 1789Treaty of Fort Harmar: The terms of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) and the Treaty of Fort McIntosh, between the United States Government and certain native American tribes, are reaffirmed, with some minor changes.source
  • 1792The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea.source
  • 1792Treaty of Jassy ends warsource
  • 1793Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the United States.source
  • 1793Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the Western Hemisphere, from Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia to Deptford Township, New Jersey. George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe are among the spectators.source
  • 1799British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's effort in the French Revolutionary Wars.source
  • 1799Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.source
  • 1806The Dutch commandant of Cape Town surrenders to British forces. On January 10, formal capitulation is signed under the Treaty Tree in Papendorp (modern-day Woodstock).source
  • 1806The ship Cecelia, on a voyage from Dublin to Barbados, founders in the Irish Sea off Holyhead, Anglesey, with the loss of all hands.source
  • 1806Lord Nelson is given a state funeral and interment at St Paul's Cathedral in London, attended by the Prince of Wales.source
  • 1806Lord Nelson is given a state funeral and interment at St Paul's Cathedral in London, attended by the Prince of Wales.source
  • 1811the first women's golf tournament in Scotland takes place at the links of the Musselburgh Golf Club.source
  • 1816Sir Humphry Davy's Davy lamp is first tested underground as a coal mining safety lamp, at Hebburn Colliery in northeast England;source
  • 1816Sir Humphry Davy's Davy lamp is first tested underground as a coal mining safety lamp at Hebburn Colliery in the Durham Coalfield.source
  • 1816Ludwig van Beethoven wins the custody battle for his nephew Karl.source
  • 1822The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portugal's King João VI, beginning the Brazilian independence process.source
  • 1822D. Pedro I refuses to heed the order of the Cortes of Lisbon to return to Portugal, initiating the process of Brazilian independence. The date became known as Dia do Fico.source
  • 1838January 6–11 – Samuel Morse first publicly demonstrates electric telegraphy, at Morristown, New Jersey, assisted by Alfred Vail and using dots and dashes, the forerunner of Morse code.source
  • 1839The French Academy of Sciences announces the daguerreotype photography process.source
  • 1839The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.source
  • 1842January 6–13 – First Anglo-Afghan War – Massacre of Elphinstone's army (Battle of Gandamak): British East India Company troops are destroyed by Afghan forces on the road from Kabul to Jalalabad, Afghanistan, by Akbar Khan, son of Dost Mohammad Khan.source
  • 1846Barentin Viaduct on the Paris–Le Havre railway collapses soon after its completion by English engineers.source
  • 1854The Teutonia Männerchor in Pittsburgh is founded to promote German culture.source
  • 1855The Earl of Aberdeen loses a vote of no confidence against his government over the management of the Crimean War.source
  • 1857The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).source
  • 1857The 7.9 Mw Fort Tejon earthquake affects Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).source
  • 1858Revolt of Rajab Ali: British forces finally defeat Rajab Ali Khan of Chittagong.source
  • 1861Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union.source
  • 1864Scientific Society of Aligarh established as part of Aligarh Movement by Syed Ahmad Khan.source
  • 1867Jesús González Ortega was arrested in Zacatecas by General Auza on the orders of Benito Juárez.source
  • 1868Penal transportation from Britain to Australia ends, with arrival of the convict ship Hougoumont in Western Australia, after an 89-day voyage from England. There are 62 Fenians among the transportees.source
  • 1868penal transportation from Britain to Australia ends with arrival of the convict ship Hougoumont in Western Australia after an 89-day voyage from England.source
  • 1869The British clipper ship Thermopylae arrives in Melbourne, having sailed from London in the record time of 64 days.source
  • 1872In the aftermath of the Paraguayan War, the new government of Paraguay makes peace with Brazil, granting reparations and territorial concessions.source
  • 1878Umberto I becomes King of Italy.source
  • 1881Saraiva Law comes into effect after being passed on the Senate on 4 January.source
  • 1883January 8 — January 19 – Trial of the 66 in Lyon, targeting the Black International in France.source
  • 1886January 5–9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is published in New York and London.source
  • 1888Crofters War: Aignish riot – Dispossessed crofters on Lewis face armed troops.source
  • 1891The great shoe strike in Rochester, New York is called off.source
  • 1894New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard, in Lexington, Massachusetts.source
  • 1899After a successful revolt against the Ottoman Empire by the inhabitants of the island of Crete, the area, which joins Greece, gets its first constitution.source
  • 1901Lord Kitchener reports that Christiaan de Wet has shot one of the "peace" envoys, and flogged two more, who had gone to his commando to ask the Burgher citizens of South Africa to halt fighting.source
  • 1909The British Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, led by Ernest Shackleton, arrives at the farthest south reached by any prior expedition, at 88°23' S, prior to turning back due to diminishing supplies.source
  • 1909Ernest Shackleton's Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole forced to turn back 112 miles from the pole.source
  • 1916WWI: Gallipoli Campaign – The last British troops are evacuated from Gallipoli, as the Ottoman Empire prevails over a joint British and French operation to capture Constantinople.source
  • 1918According to Japanese government official confirmed report, a worst powder snow avalanche hit into residential area in Mitsumata village, (present day of Yuzawa), Niigata Prefecture, 158 person were human fatalities.source
  • 1919Estonian War of Independence: Estonians retake Tapa from the Bolsheviks, which enabled further liberation of Estonia.source
  • 1919January 7–14 - Tragic Week (Argentina)source
  • 1919Estonian War of Independence: Battle of Tapa – Estonian forces liberate Tapa, Estonia, from the Red Army.source
  • 1920Thousands of onlookers watch as "The Human Fly" George Polley climbs New York City's Woolworth Building. He reaches the 30th floor when a policeman arrests him for climbing without a permit.source
  • 1920The cargo steamer Treveal is wrecked in the English Channel; 35 people lose their lives.source
  • 1922Haj Amin al-Husseini, who had become the Mufti of Jerusalem the previous year, is elected head of the Muslim community (Rais al-'Ulama').source
  • 1927Voters in El Salvador elected National Democratic Party candidate Pío Romero Bosque as President of El Salvador with 192,860 votes and a 100% margin. He was the only candidate.source
  • 1927The Laurier Palace Theatre fire at a movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children.source
  • 1932Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort to assassinate Emperor Hirohito of Japan. The Kuomintang's official newspaper runs an editorial expressing regret that the attempt failed, which is used by the Japanese as a pretext to attack Shanghai later in the month.source
  • 1940WWII: British submarine HMS Starfish is sunk in the Heligoland Bight.source
  • 1943Odd Magnus Faltinsen, mathematician and professor of marine technology.source
  • 1948The Luxembourg Airlines Company is founded.source
  • 1950The Israeli government recognizes the People's Republic of China.source
  • 1951The Government of the United Kingdom announces abandonment of the Tanganyika groundnut scheme for the cultivation of peanuts in the Tanganyika Territory, with the writing off of £36.5M debt.source
  • 1953According to South Korea's Coast Guard official confirmed report, a passenger ferry Changgyeong-ho capsized off the coast of Busan, and 229 persons perished.source
  • 1955The National Action Movement (Movimiento de Acción Nacional, MAN), the political party of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, is created.source
  • 1956Thorhild Widvey, politiciansource
  • 1957British Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigns on health grounds.source
  • 1959The Vega de Tera disaster in Spain, a flood caused by a dam collapse, nearly destroys the town of Ribadelago and kills 144 residents.source
  • 1960Construction of the Aswan Dam begins in Egypt.source
  • 1961British authorities announce they have uncovered a large Soviet spy ring, the Portland spy ring, in London.source
  • 1963A total penumbral lunar eclipse is visible in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia, and is the 56th lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 114. Gamma has a value of −1.01282. It occurs on the night between Wednesday, January 9 and Thursday, January 10, 1963.source
  • 1964Martyrs' Day: Armed clashes between United States troops and Panamanian civilians in the Panama Canal Zone precipitate a major international crisis, resulting in the deaths of 21 Panamanians and 4 U.S. soldiers.source
  • 1965The Hope Slide, the largest landslide ever recorded in Canada, kills four.source
  • 1971Uruguayan president Jorge Pacheco Areco demands emergency powers for 90 days due to kidnappings, and receives them the next day.source
  • 1972The Palais de Justice, housing the European Court of Justice, is opened on the Kirchberg plateau, Luxembourg City, marking the start of the development of the 'European quarter'.source
  • 1972The RMS Queen Elizabeth catches fire and sinks in Hong Kong's Victoria harbor while undergoing conversion to a floating university.source
  • 1973The European Court of Justice building is opened in Kirchberg, Luxembourg City.source
  • 1976The Ministry of Development Planning is dissolved.source
  • 1979The Music for UNICEF Concert is held at the United Nations General Assembly to raise money for UNICEF and promote the Year of the Child. It is broadcast the following day in the United States and around the world. Hosted by the Bee Gees, other performers include Donna Summer, ABBA, Rod Stewart and Earth, Wind & Fire. A soundtrack album is later released.source
  • 1984Van Halen releases their sixth studio album 1984 (MCMLXXXIV), which debuts at number 2 on the Billboard 200 albums chart, and will go to sell over 10 million copies in the United States.source
  • 1990Shlomo Pines (born 1908), French-born Israeli scholar of Jewish and Islamic philosophy.source
  • 1991Gulf War: U.S. Secretary of State James Baker meets with Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz but fails to produce a plan for the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait.source
  • 1992Bosnian Serbs declare their own republic within Bosnia and Herzegovina, in protest at the decision by Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats to seek recognition by the European Communities.source
  • 1992First confirmed detection of exoplanets with announcement of the discovery of several terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12, by radio astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail working in the United States.source
  • 1993January 6–20 – The Bombay riots take place in Mumbai.source
  • 1993January 8–17 – The Braer Storm of January 1993, the most intense extratropical cyclone on record for the northern Atlantic Ocean, occurs.source
  • 1995Valeri Polyakov completes 366 days in space while aboard the Mir space station, breaking a duration record.source
  • 2001Apple Inc. launches iTunes, a software program that acts as a media player and media library.source
  • 2002Holy Cross dispute: Confrontations outside Holy Cross Primary School, a Roman Catholic girls' school in the largely Protestant Ardoyne district, during the afternoon school run, explode into widespread sectarian rioting which spreads across north Belfast and continues on 10 January, when the school is closed.source
  • 2002A Passenger Security Service Charge will be introduced for passengers who use Changi Airport from 1 March. This is so as to cover security costs incurred in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. In addition, Changi Airport will upgrade Terminal 2 for S$200 million.source
  • 2005The Comprehensive Peace Agreement is signed, ending the Second Sudanese Civil War in Sudan.source
  • 2007Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco, California; starting the new era of smartphones with this invention. The phone would be released in June.source
  • 2008food export ban from Santo Antão due to the agricultural pest, the Cape Verdean millipede (Spinotarsus caboverdus), liftedsource
  • 2011Iran Air Flight 277 crashes near Orumiyeh in the northeast of the country, killing 78 people.source
  • 2014The Elk River Chemical Spill in Charleston, West Virginia, when a leakage of the chemical MCMH from a Freedom Industries chemical plant left 300,000 residents of Charleston and nine surrounding counties without drinkable water for over three months.source
  • 2014A 5.1 magnitude earthquake occurs in the Straits of Florida about 112 miles east of Havana swaying medium rise buildings in city.source
  • 20182018 Swan Islands earthquake, off the coast of Hondurassource
  • 2019The Prosecutor's Office announces TBC Bank, the leading Georgian banking company, is facing a criminal investigation over alleged money-laundering, involving a US$17 million transaction back in 2008. The bank denies the charges. On 13 February, the National Bank of Georgia requests that the TBC Bank remove he Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Mamuka Khazaradze and his deputy Badri Japaridze. After days of standoff, on 21 February, the two men resign from their position following the decision of the supervisory board to withdraw the lawsuit against the National Bank.source
  • 2020A rare, circumbinary planet called TOI 1338-b is discovered.source
  • 2021David Schenker, assistant secretary of state for near eastern affairs, and the highest-ranking U.S. diplomat for North Africa and the Middle East, visits Western Sahara.source
  • 2021Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 crashes north of Jakarta, Indonesia, killing all 62 people on board.source
  • 2022February 6 – The 2021 Africa Cup of Nations is held in Cameroon, with Senegal winning their first championship.source
  • 2023Prague's municipal court acquitted Andrej Babiš of charges of subsidy fraud.source
  • 2024President José Ramos-Horta makes the first-ever visit by an East Timorese president to India, attending the 10th biennial Vibrant Gujarat summit with Foreign Minister Bendito Freitas.source

Births

  • 727Dai Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (died 779)source
  • 1304Hōjō Takatoki, Japanese nobleman and regent (died 1333)source
  • 1418Juan Ramón Folch III de Cardona, Aragonese admiral (died 1485)source
  • 1455William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg, Count of Ravensberg (died 1511)source
  • 1500Diane de Poitiers, Noblewoman and courtier.(d.1566)source
  • 1554Pope Gregory XV (died 1623)source
  • 1571Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, French soldier in Habsburg service (died 1621)source
  • 1590Simon Vouet, French painter (died 1649)source
  • 1624Empress Meishō of Japan (died 1696)source
  • 1644Robert Gibbes, English-born landgrave in South Carolina (died 1715)source
  • 1662John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, England (died 1711)source
  • 1715Robert-François Damiens, French domestic servant, executed for the attempted assassination of Louis XV (died 1757)source
  • 1728Thomas Warton, English poet (died 1790)source
  • 1735John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, British Royal Navy admiral (died 1823)source
  • 1745Caleb Strong, American politician (died 1819)source
  • 1758George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland, born Viscount Trentham, British politician and landowner (died 1833)source
  • 1776Ludwig Rhesa, Prussian scholar (died 1840)source
  • 1841Julio Herrera y Obes, Uruguayan politician, lawyer and journalist, also President of Uruguay in the 1890–1894 term (died 1912).source
  • 1869Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (died 1916)source
  • 1902Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and saint (died 1975)source
  • 1908Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (died 1986)source
  • 1913Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (died 1994)source
  • 1929Brian Friel, playwright (died 2015).source
  • 1941Joan Baez, American folk singer-songwriter and activistsource
  • 2020Salomón Andrés López Adams, first grandchild of President López Obrador, born in Houston, Texassource

Deaths

  • 710Adrian of Canterbury, abbot and scholarsource
  • 1150Xi Zong, Chinese emperor of the Jin Dynasty (born 1119)source
  • 1202Birger Brosa, Swedish nobleman and knightsource
  • 1283Wen Tianxiang, Chinese poet and politician (born 1236)source
  • 1367Giulia della Rena, Italian saint (born 1319)source
  • 1370January 6 – 11 (Tubah 1086 AM) Pope Gabriel IV is consecrated as the new leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church for the Coptic Christians of Egypt, and assumes the title of Bishop of Alexandria, succeeding the late Pope Yoannis X, who had died eight months earlier.source
  • 1450Adam Moleyns, English courtier and Bishop of Chichestersource
  • 1453Stefano Porcari, Italian nobleman and humanist politiciansource
  • 1453Stefano Porcari, arrested earlier in the week by soldiers from the Papal States, is executed for his attempt to overthrow Pope Nicholas V.source
  • 1499John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1455)source
  • 1511Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Greek classical scholar (born 1424)source
  • 1514Anne of Brittany, queen-consort of France to both Charles VIII and Louis XII (born 1477)source
  • 1514Anne of Brittany, Duchess of Brittany (born 1477).source
  • 1529Wang Yangming, Chinese Neo-Confucian scholar (born 1472)source
  • 1534Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (born 1477)source
  • 1564Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (born 1540)source
  • 1571Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (born 1510)source
  • 1622Alix Le Clerc, French Roman Catholic Canoness Regular, foundress and blessed (born 1576)source
  • 1681Anne Gøye, noblewoman and book collector (born 1609)source
  • 1766Thomas Birch, English historian (born 1705)source
  • 1848Caroline Herschel, German astronomer (born 1750)source
  • 1858Anson Jones, 4th and last President of the Republic of Texas (suicide) (born 1798)source
  • 1858Anson Jones, the last president of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide.source
  • 1872Henry Halleck, American general (born 1815)source
  • 1873Napoleon III, last Emperor of the French (born 1808)source
  • 1878King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (born 1820)source
  • 1901Santos Acosta, general and political figure (b.1828)source
  • 1905Louise Michel, French anarchist (born 1830)source
  • 1908Wilhelm Busch, German painter, poet (born 1832)source
  • 1921Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez, politician (born 1845)source
  • 1923Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand-born British novelist, died in France (born 1888)source
  • 1923Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters, British couple hanged for murder (Thompson b. 1893, Bywaters b. 1902)source
  • 1927Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English-born German author (born 1855)source
  • 1980In Saudi Arabia, 63 Islamist insurgents are beheaded for their part in the siege of the Great Mosque in Mecca in November 1979.source
  • 2013James M. Buchanan, 93, American economist, Nobel Prize (1986).source
  • 2023Juliaca massacre: At least 18 people are killed and over 100 others are injured when the Peruvian National Police fire upon demonstrations in Juliaca.source