/year

October 10 in history

253 sourced entries recorded on October 10, from 19 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 680Battle of Karbala: Forces under Yazid I kill Hussein ibn Ali and his closest supporters. This event leads to the civil war known as the Second Fitna.source
  • 1111October 5 – 18-year-old Baldwin VII succeeds his father, Robert II, as Count of Flanders until 1119.source
  • 1227Frederick II recovering at Pozzuoli, receives a letter from Pope Gregory IX, announcing his ex-communication. Frederick is branded a wanton violator of his sacred oath taken many times, at Aachen, Ferentino, Veroli and San Germano. Meanwhile, the Crusader army fortifies Sidon Sea Castle and rebuilds Montfort Castle, northeast of Acre, as a new headquarter castle for the Teutonic Knights, who called it Starkenburg.source
  • 1236Razia Sultana, daughter of Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, becomes the first female Muslim ruler of the Indian subcontinent, deposing her half-brother, Ruknuddin Firuz, as sultan of the Delhi Sultanate.source
  • 1240Richard of Cornwall, brother of King Henry III of England, arrives at Acre for a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. His pilgrimage has the approval of Emperor Frederick II, who is married to his younger sister, Isabella of England, and gives him the task to make arrangements with the Military Orders. On his arrival, Richard travels to Ascalon, where he is met by ambassadors from As-Salih Ayyub. As a negotiator, he is successful in the release of prisoners captured in the Battle at Gaza (1239), and he also assists with the building of the citadel in Ascalon.source
  • 1253German imperial forces under King Conrad IV suppress the Sicilian rebellion and recapture Naples.source
  • 1325King Edward II calls for representatives of the three estates (including the knights representative) to meet at Westminster for a session of the English Parliament, beginning on November 18 to discuss the matter of the failure of his wife, Queen Isabella, to return from France.source
  • 1361Edward the Black Prince marries Joan of Kent at Windsor Castle.source
  • 1372King Peter II of Cyrpus is crowned as King of Jerusalem at a ceremony in Famagusta, although the Christian kingdom in Jerusalem had been dissolved 80 years earlier after the "Holy Land" fell to Muslim control in 1291. Although leaders of the Genoese and Venetian communities at Famagusta appear together at symbolic ceremonies to hold the two reins of the King's horse, an argument over which leader would hold the rein on the right and who would hold the remaining rein on the left leads to a fight between the two communities after the Venetian leader is allowed to hold the rein on the right. With the Venetian winning the privilege, the Republic of Genoa organizes an expedition to invade and conquer Cyprus.source
  • 1381The Church of Koratty Muthy is established by Roman Catholic missionaries and local Christians on the Indian subcontinent at Koratty in the Venadu kingdom, now part of the Kerala state in India.source
  • 1394At the Battle of Karanovasa, Wallachia (now southern Romania) resists an invasion by the army Ottoman Empire and its Serb and Bulgarian vassals.source
  • 1402A rare conference begins in England between the House of Commons and the House of Lords takes place with the permission of the King, and results in a 3-shilling tax on wine and a 14-pence tax on other merchandise.source
  • 1410The Polish-Lithuanian alliance defeats the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of Koronowo.source
  • 1410Euthymius II becomes the new Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church among Christians, after the death in August of the Patriarch Matthew I.source
  • 1435As the English Parliament opens, the English House of Commons elects John Tyrrell as its speaker.source
  • 1446An earthquake occurs in Moscow but causes little damagesource
  • 1448The Hungarian commander Ciubăr Vodă briefly becomes Prince of Moldavia after the death of Petru III, and governs until Alexăndrel of Moldavia takes the throne in December.source
  • 1453René of Anjou, the French Duke of Anjou who had been the King of Naples from 1435 to 1442, and Duke of Lorraine from 1431 until February 28, declares war on the Republic of Venice.source
  • 1460Richard, Duke of York enters the Council Chamber, places his hand upon the throne, and announces that he is the rightful King of England. He then takes up residence at the royal palace.source
  • 1471Battle of Brunkeberg in Stockholm, Sweden: The forces of Regent of Sweden Sten Sture the Elder, with the help of farmers and miners, repel an attack by Christian I, King of Denmark.source
  • 1483In England, a rebellion is started by Duke of Buckingham, against King Richard III. Fighting between the supporters of King Richard and of the late King Edward IV lasts for more than six weeks.source
  • 1486The Siege of Retz in Austria comes to an end after four days when the inhabitants surrender to the Black Army of Hungary and King Matthias Corvinus.source
  • 1486King João II of Portugal appoints Bartolomeu Dias to lead an expedition to sail around what will be called the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa, in the hope of finding a trade route to India.source
  • 1492The day before sighting land for the first time in a month, Columbus quells an attempt at mutiny by sailors who demand that he turn the Niña around to sail back to Spain.source
  • 1507The Kingdom of Portugal conquers the island of Ormuz in the Persian Gulf.source
  • 1510(Eishō 7, 8th day of the 9th month) An earthquake in the Enshunada Sea off of the coast of Hamamatsu in what is now the Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan produces a devastating tsunami.source
  • 1525the Earl of Angus, Scotland's Lord Warden of the Marches in charge of border security on the boundary with England, is able to work out a three-year peace treaty with the Kingdom of England and signs the initial agreement at the English border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed.source
  • 1536English barrister Robert Aske becomes the leader of the Pilgrimate of Grace rebels, whose numbers have grown to 9,000 and marches with them to York.source
  • 1561The Siege of Moji in Japan ends with the defenders retaining their position.source
  • 1564Lucrezia Di Siena, the first well-known female actress in Europe, begins her career by signing a contract with the Commedia dell'arte theatre company in Rome.source
  • 1570Sir Edmund Butler of Cloughgrenan surrenders his estate to Elizabeth I of England in exchange for a pardon for his rebellion.source
  • 1575Battle of Dormans: Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.source
  • 1596The Union of Brest: The Ukrainian Church west of the Dnieper becomes known as the Ukrainian Rite of Catholicism, whereas the East officially renounces the authority of the Pope.source
  • 1631Thirty Years' War: A Saxon army takes over Prague.source
  • 1645October 8–14 – English Civil War: The Third siege of Basing House by Oliver Cromwell results in its destruction.source
  • 1646France takes Dunkirk from the Spanish Netherlands for the first time.source
  • 1646France takes Dunkirk from the Spanish Netherlands for the first time.source
  • 1660The 1660 Danish state of emergency is declared by the king with the purpose of putting pressure on the nobility, a move which proves successful.source
  • 1666A "day of humiliation and fasting" is held in London churches a month after the Great Fire of London.source
  • 1666a "day of humiliation and fasting" is held a month after the Great Fire of London.source
  • 1690Shipwreck off Jæren. Among the deaths were Danish nobleman Laurids Lindenov and his wife.source
  • 1710October 5 – October 13 - British forces under Francis Nicholson conduct the successful Siege of Port Royal against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy at the Acadian capital, Port Royal, marking the start of British control of what became Nova Scotia.source
  • 1710Great Northern War – Capitulation of Estonia: the Swedish garrison in Reval (Tallinn) surrenders, ending Swedish rule in Estonia.source
  • 1719British expedition under Lord Cobham captures Vigo during the War of the Quadruple Alliance.source
  • 1723Treaty of Charlottenburg signed with Prussia.source
  • 1733France declares war on Austria and Saxony.source
  • 1737King George II expels Frederick, Prince of Wales from the royal court for criticising the government.source
  • 1740October 9–22 – Batavia Massacre: Troops of the Dutch East India Company massacre at least 10,000 Chinese Indonesians in Batavia.source
  • 1773Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774): Second of the Russian occupations of Beirut begins, following a naval bombardment which began on August 2. The Russians leave Albanian mercenaries as an occupying force.source
  • 1773Paul Revere marries Rachel Walker, his second wife.source
  • 1774Dunmore's War – Battle of Point Pleasant: Cornstalk is forced to make peace with Dunmore at the Treaty of Camp Charlotte, ceding Shawnee land claims south of the Ohio (modern Kentucky) to Virginia.source
  • 1774English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Norfolk Island in the Pacific Ocean, uninhabited at this date.source
  • 1782Welsh actress Sarah Siddons, the pre-eminent star of the English stage, makes a triumphant return to the theatre in the title role of David Garrick's new play, Isabella, or The Fatal Marriage.source
  • 1782Sarah Siddons makes a triumphant return to the Drury Lane Theatre in London in the title role of Garrick's adaptation of Thomas Southerne's Isabella, or, The Fatal Marriage.source
  • 1786The Confederation Congress of the United States directs backpay for seven months for Virginia officers who have been waiting since 1782.source
  • 1789Physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposes to the French National Assembly the adoption of more humane and egalitarian forms of capital punishment, including use of the guillotine.source
  • 1790At least 3,000 people die in Algeria when an earthquake and tsunami strikes the city of Oran. The city is destroyed and Spanish forces eventually flee in 1792.source
  • 1794Battle of Maciejowice: Forces of the Russian Empire defeat Polish supporters of the Kościuszko Uprising; Tadeusz Kościuszko is wounded and captured.source
  • 1795October 5 – 13 Vendémiaire: Royalist riots in Paris are crushed by troops under Paul Barras and newly-reinstalled artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte.source
  • 1802the reforming quarterly The Edinburgh Review is first published by Archibald Constable.source
  • 1806Battle of Saalfeld: French forces under Marshal Jean Lannes clash at Saalfeld with a Prussian advance guard. The Prussian troops are routed, and Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia is killed in combat.source
  • 1817Bushranger Michael Howe is caught in Van Diemen's Land, but escapes after killing his captors.source
  • 1820thief David Haggart murders the keeper of the Dumfries tolbooth while escaping imprisonment.source
  • 1824The Edinburgh Town Council founds the Edinburgh Municipal Fire Brigade, the first fire brigade in Britain, under the leadership of James Braidwood.source
  • 1824Edinburgh Town Council makes a decision to found a municipal fire brigade under James Braidwood, the first in Britain.source
  • 1835Second provisional postal convention between Belgium and the Office of the Prince of Tour and Taxis signed in Brussels.source
  • 1841First Opium War: Battle of Chinhai – British capture a Chinese garrison.source
  • 1842The Town Dock at Newport is opened.source
  • 1845In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later renamed the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 midshipmen and seven professors.source
  • 1846William Lassell discovers Triton, one of the moons of Neptune.source
  • 1854October 9–11 – United States diplomats in Europe meet and draft the Ostend Manifesto, setting out a rationale for the U.S. to acquire Cuba from Spain.source
  • 1864The Quebec Conference begins, to discuss plans for the creation of a Dominion of Canada.source
  • 1864October 27: Quebec Conference, identified 72 resolutions for the British North America Act, 1867source
  • 1866Dandenong Market opens in South-East Melbourne.source
  • 1866October 7–21 – The Second Plenary Council of American Roman Catholic bishops is held in Baltimore.source
  • 1868Carlos Manuel de Céspedes declares a revolt against Spanish rule in Cuba, in an event known as El Grito de Yara or the Ten Years' War, initiating a war that lasts ten years (Cuba ultimately loses the war at a cost of 400,000 lives and widespread destruction).source
  • 1868Anne Hazen McFarland, physician and medical journal editor (unknown year of death)source
  • 1880Geologist Lamont Young and four others disappear on a boat trip north from Bermagui, New South Wales.source
  • 1881Richard D'Oyly Carte's Savoy Theatre opens in London, the world's first public building to be fully lit by electricity, using Joseph Swan's incandescent light bulbs.source
  • 1882The Bank of Japan opens in Tokyo City.source
  • 1885The largest ever explosion for a non-military purpose is set off in the East River of New York City as part of a scheme for the removal of Hell Gate rocks by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.source
  • 1892Jackie Howe shears a total of 321 sheep in 7 hours and 40 minutes at Blackall, Queensland, a record for hand shears that still stands.source
  • 1893The first car number plates appear in Paris, France.source
  • 1895The London School of Economics holds its first classes in London, England.source
  • 1897Chemists working at Bayer AG create a synthetically altered version of salicin which the company names Aspirin.source
  • 1898A military expedition departs from France toward the French Equatorial Africa colony of Chad. Commanded by Lieutenant de vaisseau Henri Bretonnet and Lt. Solomon Braun, the force is sent to liberate areas dominated by the Muslim warlord Rabih az-Zubayr, with the help of troops sent by the envoys of the Muslim rulers Mohammed al-Senoussi and Gaourang II, sultan of Bagirmisource
  • 1902Altona schoolhouse shootingsource
  • 1903Jacob Thurmann Ihlen, politician (born 1833)source
  • 1903October 1–13 – First modern World Series: The Boston Americans defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in eight games.source
  • 1903The Women's Social and Political Union is founded in the U.K.source
  • 1911The Wuchang Uprising starts the Xinhai Revolution that leads to the founding of the Republic of China.source
  • 1911Wuchang Uprising (Xinhai Revolution)source
  • 1912The Maternity Allowance Act 1912 is passed, granting a "Baby Bonus" of five pounds to the mother of every child born in Australia (indigenous mothers and other non-citizens are excluded).source
  • 1913Yuan Shikai is elected President of the Republic of China.source
  • 1913U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.source
  • 1919Estonia adopts a radical land reform, nationalizing 97% of agrarian lands, mostly still belonging to the Baltic German nobility.source
  • 1921Teaching at the University of Szeged begins, in the Kingdom of Hungary.source
  • 1922Contralto Leila Megane makes the first recording of Sir Edward Elgar's Sea Pictures, with Elgar himself conducting.source
  • 1923Susan Newell (born 1893) undergoes judicial hanging at Duke Street Prison, Glasgow, for infanticide, the last woman to suffer capital punishment in Scotland (and the first for 70 years in Glasgow).source
  • 1924Edvard Liljedahl, politician and Minister (born 1845)source
  • 1925October 5–16 – The Locarno Treaties are negotiated.source
  • 1926The South African National War Memorial next to Delville Wood outside Longueval, France is opened.source
  • 1926The Romanian National Party (Partidul Național Român, PNR) and the Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc, PȚ) merge to form the National Peasants' Party. The party subsequently dominated Romanian politics from 1928 to 1933.source
  • 1926Muin Bseiso – Palestinian poet. (died 1984)source
  • 1926The Sabie Game Reserve is renamed to Kruger National Park.source
  • 1932a mine cage accident at Bickershaw Colliery in the Lancashire Coalfield drowns 19.source
  • 19331933 United Airlines Boeing 247 mid-air explosion: A bomb destroys a United Airlines Boeing 247 on a transcontinental flight in mid-air near Chesterton, Indiana, killing all 7 on board, in the first proven case of sabotage in civil aviation, although no suspect is ever identified.source
  • 1935The Taiwan Exposition: In Commemoration of the First Forty Years of Colonial Rule openssource
  • 1935A tornado destroys the 160 m wooden radio tower in Langenberg, Germany. As a result of this catastrophe, wooden radio towers are phased out.source
  • 1935A tornado destroys the 160 m wooden radio tower in Langenberg, Germany. As a result, wooden radio towers are phased out.source
  • 1940Jews banned from public office by decree of the occupying forces.source
  • 1943The Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky is instituted in the Soviet Union.source
  • 1944The Holocaust/Porajmos: 800 Romani children are systematically murdered at the Auschwitz concentration camp.source
  • 1944Holocaust: Porajmos: 800 Romani children are systematically murdered at the Auschwitz death camp.source
  • 1944WWII: 10/10 Air Raid: Allied forces inflict significant losses upon Imperial Japanese Navy ships moored in Naha Harbor, destroying much of the city of Naha, Okinawa as well.source
  • 1945Kim Il Sung founds the North Korean Branch Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea.source
  • 1946The Noakhali riots in Bengal begin: several hundred Hindus are massacred by Muslims.source
  • 1948The R-1 missile on test becomes the first Soviet launch to enter space.source
  • 1953Roland (Monty) Burton wins the 1953 London to Christchurch air race, in under 23 hours flying time.source
  • 1953The Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia is established in Tunja, Boyacá.source
  • 1954The much-travelled statue of Paul Kruger is unveiled in Church Square, Pretoria by Dr. D.F. Malan.source
  • 1956The prototype Lockheed L-1649 Starliner, the final Lockheed Constellation model, makes its first flight.source
  • 1957Windscale fire: Fire at the Windscale nuclear reactor on the north-west coast of England releases radioactive material into the surrounding environment, including iodine-131.source
  • 1958Patrice Lumumba founds Mouvement National Congolais.source
  • 1960A severe cyclone hits Noakhali and Chittagong districts of East Pakistan, killing more than 5,000 people.source
  • 1961A volcanic eruption on Tristan da Cunha causes the whole population to be evacuated to Britain, where they will remain until 1963.source
  • 1963Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, signed on August 5, takes effect.source
  • 1964Eleanor Roosevelt was commemorated on a Malaysian stamp.source
  • 1964October 10–24 – The 1964 Summer Olympics are held in Tokyo, Japan, the first in an Asian country.source
  • 1965The first group of Cuban refugees travels to the U.S.source
  • 1968The Detroit Tigers win the 1968 World Series in baseball in seven games.source
  • 1969October 9–12 – Days of Rage: In Chicago, the Illinois National Guard is called in to control demonstrations involving the radical Weathermen, in connection with the "Chicago Eight" Trial.source
  • 1970October Crisis: In Montreal, Quebec Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte becomes the second statesman kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group.source
  • 1971September 27–October 11 – Japanese Emperor Hirohito travels abroad.source
  • 1973Spiro Agnew resigns as Vice President of the United States.source
  • 1976Taiwan Governor Hsieh Tung-min is injured by a letter bomb from a pro-independence activist.source
  • 1976Wang Sing-nan sent a mail bomb to Chairman of Taiwan Provincial Government Hsieh Tung-min; as a result of the explosion, Hsieh lost a hand.source
  • 1978Daniel arap Moi becomes president of Kenya.source
  • 1978John Vorster becomes State President of South Africa.source
  • 1978United States President Jimmy Carter signs a bill that authorizes the minting of the Susan B. Anthony dollar.source
  • 1978A massive short circuit in Seasat's electrical system ends the satellite's scientific mission.source
  • 1979The Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant began operations in Eurajoki, Satakunta, Finland.source
  • 1980Wayne Gretzky plays in his first NHL game when his Edmonton Oilers are defeated by the Chicago Black Hawkssource
  • 1980The 7.1 Mw El Asnam earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 2,633–5,000 and injuring 8,369–9,000.source
  • 1981The Ministry for Education of Japan issues the jōyō kanji.source
  • 1981Ministry of Education issues jōyō kanji.source
  • 1986The 5.7 Mw San Salvador earthquake shook San Salvador, El Salvador with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Up to 1,500 people were killed.source
  • 1988Hurricane Joan–Miriam forms.source
  • 1989October 1–13 – Typhoons Angela (Rubing), Dan (Saling), and Elsie (Tasing) impact the country in two weeks.source
  • 1990National postal service Hrvatska pošta (Croatian Post) established.source
  • 1994October 2 – 16 – The Philippines participates in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to 16, 1994. It Ranks 14th with three gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals with a total of 13 over-all medals.source
  • 1997Uruguay's worst air disaster occurs when Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553 crashes near Nuevo Berlín, killing all 74 on board.source
  • 1998Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet: General Augusto Pinochet, Chilean dictator from 1973 to 1990, is indicted for human rights violations he committed in Chile by Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón. 6 days later British police place him under house arrest during his medical treatment in the UK. This is a leading case in the law of universal jurisdiction.source
  • 2000A three-day cease-fire is called to allow UN medical officers to continue providing polio vaccinations for children displaced by the fighting. A massive campaign to immunize approximately 4.5 million children in Afghanistan, one of only 30 countries where the disease still exists, began in early June.source
  • 2002The International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled against Nigeria in favor of Cameroon over the disputed oil-rich Bakassi peninsula territory.source
  • 2003November 22 – The 2003 Rugby World Cup is held in Australia and is won by England who defeated Australia in the final after extra time.source
  • 2006A couple is caught having sex in a mosque during Ramadan in Gilgil and are sentenced to 18 months in prison.source
  • 2007Valve Software releases The Orange Box on Windows and Xbox 360.source
  • 2010The Netherlands Antilles are dissolved, with the islands being split up and given a new constitutional status.source
  • 2010October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.source
  • 2013Delegates from some 140 countries and territories sign the Minamata Treaty, a UNEP treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.source
  • 2015A series of suicide bombings kills at least 100 people at a peace rally in Ankara, Turkey, and injures more than 400 others.source
  • 2016Czech botanists announce the discovery of a new species of Thismia in Borneo.source
  • 2018Hurricane Michael makes landfall at Mexico Beach, Florida as a Category 5 hurricane with winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 919 mb. It is the most intense hurricane to hit the mainland United States since Camille in 1969.source
  • 2021October 6–October 10 – The 2021 UEFA Nations League Finals is held in Italy, and is won by France. They were originally scheduled for 2–6 June 2021, but were moved following the rescheduling of UEFA Euro 2020 to June and July 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.source
  • 2022Moldova confirms that Russian Navy warships in the Black Sea fired cruise missiles through its airspace to strike targets inside Ukraine. The Russian ambassador is subsequently summoned by Moldovan authorities to explain the violation.source
  • 2025Dina Boluarte, the President of Peru, is unanimously impeached by the Congress of the Republic.source

Births

  • 19Tiberius Gemellus, grandson of Tiberius (died c. 38 AD)source
  • 786Saga, emperor of Japan (died 842)source
  • 867Li Siyuan, emperor of Later Tang (died 933)source
  • 1201Richard de Fournival, French philosopher (died 1260)source
  • 1258Joachim Piccolomini, Italian altar server (died 1305)source
  • 1332King Charles II of Navarre (died 1387)source
  • 1344Mary Plantagenet, duchess consort of Brittany, daughter of King Edward III of England (died 1362)source
  • 1355Zhu Biao, eldest son of the Hongwu Emperor and crown prince of the Ming dynasty (died 1392)source
  • 1421John Paston, English politician (died 1466)source
  • 1470Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (died 1520)source
  • 1486Charles III, Duke of Savoy (died 1553)source
  • 1486Charles III, Duke of Savoysource
  • 1523Ludwig Rabus, German martyrologist (died 1592)source
  • 1560Jacobus Arminius, Dutch theologian (died 1609)source
  • 1567Infanta Catalina Micaela of Spain (died 1597)source
  • 1584Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke (died 1650)source
  • 1625Erik Dahlbergh, engineer and field marshal (died 1703)source
  • 1629Richard Towneley, English mathematician and astronomer from Towneley near Burnley (died 1707)source
  • 1646Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, aristocrat (died 1705)source
  • 1678John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish soldier (died 1743)source
  • 1684Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (died 1721)source
  • 1731Henry Cavendish, English scientist (died 1810)source
  • 1731Henry Cavendish, scientist (died 1810)source
  • 1738Benjamin West, American painter (died 1820)source
  • 1813Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (died 1901)source
  • 1825Paul Kruger, Boer resistance leader (died 1904)source
  • 1830Queen Isabella II of Spain (died 1904)source
  • 1833Melchor de Concha y Toro (died 1892)source
  • 1837Robert Gould Shaw, Union Army general in the American Civil War, social reformer (k. 1863)source
  • 1861Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, scientist and humanitarian, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1930)source
  • 1870Ivan Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1953)source
  • 1887Reza Afshar, Iranian politician.source
  • 1889Han van Meegeren, Dutch painter, art forger (died 1947)source
  • 1895Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (died 1945)source
  • 1967Gavin Newsom, American politician, 40th Governor of Californiasource
  • 1969Brett Favre, American football playersource
  • 1974Dale Earnhardt Jr., American race car driversource
  • 1992Pierre Atcho, FIFA football refereesource

Deaths

  • 19Germanicus, Roman general (born 15 BC)source
  • 376Acepsimas of Hnaita, Persian bishopsource
  • 644Paulinus, Archbishop of Yorksource
  • 680Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn, son of Al-Husaynsource
  • 680Husayn ibn Ali, third Shia Imam and grandson of Muhammad (born 626)Ksource
  • 680Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn, son of Al-Husaynsource
  • 732Battle of Tours: The Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel defeat a large army of Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, near Poitiers, halting the Islamic advance into Western Europe; Rahman Al Ghafiqi is killed during the battle. Charles extends his authority in the south of France, which gives him the nickname Martellus ("The Hammer"). The outcome of the victory is a turning point, and establishes a balance of power between Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire.source
  • 827Valentine, pope of the Catholic Churchsource
  • 827Pope Valentine dies just after a two-month reign, and is succeeded by Gregory IV as the 101st pope of Rome.source
  • 937Wang Lingmou, chancellor of Wusource
  • 1084Gilla Pátraic, bishop of Dublinsource
  • 1144Alfonso of Capua, Italo-Norman nobleman (born 1120)source
  • 1174Adela of Ponthieu, Countess of Surreysource
  • 1213Frederick II, Duke of Lorrainesource
  • 1229Henry de Beaumont, English noblemansource
  • 1272Yolande of Brittany, French noblewomansource
  • 1283Peter of Castile, Lord of Ledesma, Spanish prince (infante) (born 1260)source
  • 1308Patrick IV de Dunbar, Scottish nobleman (born 1242)source
  • 1308Patrick IV, Earl of March (born 1242)source
  • 1359King Hugh IV of Cyprus (born 1310)source
  • 1503Peter II, Duke of Bourbon (born 1438)source
  • 1530Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, English noble (born 1477)source
  • 1533Severinus of Saxony, Prince of Saxony; died young (born 1522)source
  • 1544Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy, English courtier and patron of learning (born 1516)source
  • 1581King Bayinnaung of Burma (born 1516)source
  • 1616Sakazaki Naomori of Iwami Tsuwano han commits suicide after failing to kidnap Princess Sen.source
  • 1659Abel Tasman, Dutch explorer (born 1603)source
  • 1690Laurids Lindenov, amtmann of Bergenhus amt (born in the 1640s).source
  • 1723William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper, Lord Chancellor of England (born c. 1665)source
  • 1725Francesco del Giudice, Italian Catholic cardinal (born 1647)source
  • 1754Dorothea Krag, Danish General Postmaster and noble (born 1675)source
  • 1759Granville Elliott, Army General, British military expert, working for Britain and Palatine forces (born 1713)source
  • 1773Daniel Boone leads the first attempt by British colonists to establish a settlement in Kentucky, but is turned back in an attack by Native Americans, in which his son is killed.source
  • 1780October 10–16 – The Great Hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados, Martinique and Sint Eustatius; 22,000 are killed.source
  • 1795Samuel Fraunces, American restaurateur (born 1722)source
  • 1795Samuel Fraunces, restaurateur (born 1722)source
  • 1796Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (born 1729)source
  • 1800Gabriel Prosser, American slave revolutionary (born approx. 1776)source
  • 1829Maria Elizabetha Jacson, British botanist (born 1755)source
  • 1834Bernardino Escribanosource
  • 1837Charles Fourier, French philosopher (born 1772)source
  • 1872William H. Seward, 24th United States Secretary of State (born 1801)source
  • 1875Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (born 1817)source
  • 1914King Carol I of Romania (born 1839)source
  • 1927Gustave Whitehead, German-born aviation pioneer (born 1874)source
  • 1985Orson Welles, 70, American actor, director (Citizen Kane, Touch of Evil), and broadcaster ("The War of the Worlds"), heart attack.source
  • 2000Sirimavo Bandaranaike, 84, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, heart attack.source
  • 2004Christopher Reeve, 52, American actor (Superman, The Remains of the Day, Deathtrap), heart failure.source