/year

October 3 in history

198 sourced entries recorded on October 3, from 42 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 42 BCEFirst Battle of Philippi: The Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Marcus Brutus and Cassius. The Roman forces including 2,000 Spartans, who have just arrived, are routed. Octavian takes refuge in the marsh. Cassius' camp is captured by Antony's men and, wrongly fearing that Brutus is dead, Cassius commits suicide. He orders his freedman Pindarus to kill him. Brutus, fearing the impact on morale, secretly buries his beheaded body on Thasos. The Republican navy, in the Adriatic, intercept and destroy the supply ships with two legions of the Triumvirs.source
  • 382Emperor Theodosius I commands his general Saturninus to conclude a peace treaty with the Visigoths, allowing them to settle south of the Danube. They are installed as foederati in Moesia and Thrace with the title of "Allies of the Roman People", in exchange for furnishing a contingent of auxiliary troops to defend the borders.source
  • 610Heraclian revolt: Heraclius arrives with a fleet from Africa at Constantinople. Assisted by an uprising in the capital, he overthrows and personally beheads Emperor Phocas. Heraclius gains the throne with help from his father Heraclius the Elder. His first major act is to change the official language of the Byzantine Empire from Latin to Greek (already the language of the vast majority of the population).source
  • 1065Northumbria revolts against Tostig Godwinson, who is exiled. He takes refuge with his brother-in-law, Count Baldwin V in Flanders (modern Belgium). The Northumbrian nobles choose Morcar (or Morkere) as earl at York.source
  • 1125Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, the vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate, is dismissed and imprisoned by Caliph al-Amir.source
  • 1311Peace is restored in northeastern Hungary as the envoys of King Charles I arbitrate and agreement between the rebels at Košice and the two sons of the late Amadeus Aba, Amadeus II and Dominic.source
  • 1357The Treaty of Berwick ends the Second War of Scottish Independence and King David II of Scotland is released by the English in return for a ransom.source
  • 1391Brancaleone Doria captures Villa di Chiesa in Sardinia.source
  • 1393Walter Brut, a leader of the Lollards sect of Christian reformers, is put on trial for heresy before the Roman Catholic Bishop of Hereford, Thomas Trefnant. Brut is acquitted of the charges.source
  • 1411At the Abbey of St Vaast in Arras in France, John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy hosts English Bishop Henry Chichele and several envoys who are ready to negotiate terms for English support of Burgundy in the ongoing French civil war with the Armagnacs. The negotiations fail to attract much support other than to hire some of the English soldiers as mercentaries.source
  • 1470The Earl of Warwick releases King Henry VI of England from imprisonment in the Tower of London, and restores him to the throne.source
  • 1492The English army besieges Boulogne.source
  • 1492Henry VII dispatches an English expedition to lay Siege of Boulognesource
  • 1514The Earl of Worcester reports from Abbeville on King Louis XII's preparations for Mary Tudor's arrival.source
  • 1518The Treaty of London temporarily ensures peace in Western Europe.source
  • 1518Treaty of London: a non-aggression pact between the major European states.source
  • 1528Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón arrives in the Maluku Islands.source
  • 1569Battle of Moncontour: The Royalist forces of Gaspard de Saulx Tavannes and the Duc d'Anjou defeat Gaspard II de Coligny's Huguenots, killing 8,000 and taking 3,000 prisoner.source
  • 1569Battle of Moncountour: The Royalist forces of Tavannaes and Anjou defeat Coligny's Huguenots.source
  • 1570Princess Anna of Austria arrives in Spain to become the Queen Consort of Spain as the bride of her uncle King Philip of Spain, whom she had married by proxy on May 4. Having traveled through the Netherlands, she asks King Philip to spare the life of the rebel Floris of Montmorency, but the King arranges the strangulation of Floris on October 14.source
  • 1574The city of Leiden, besieged by the Spanish, is relieved by a Sea Beggars fleet under Louis Boisot.source
  • 1594The Battle of Glenlivet in Scotland: The Protestant forces loyal to King James VI, assisted by the armies of 8 clans and led by the Earl of Argyll, oppose Roman Catholic rebels supported by Clan Gordon (led by the Earl of Huntley), Clan Hay (led by the Earl of Errol), Clan Comyn and Clan Cameron. Despite being outnumbered 5 to 1, the Catholic clans win the battle, killing 500 of the Protestant forces.source
  • 1594Battle of Glenlivet: Catholic clansmen of George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly and Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, are victorious over the Protestant forces of Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyllsource
  • 1602Battle of the Narrow Seas: An English fleet, joined by the Dutch, begins a pursuit of six Spanish galleys through the Strait of Dover, and defeats them the next day.source
  • 1619Lancelot Bulkeley is consecrated Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland), an office he will hold until 1650.source
  • 1624Étienne Ier d'Aligre becomes Grand Chancellor of France.source
  • 1624A combined squadron of fifteen Neapolitan (Spain), Tuscan, and Papal galleys defeat a squadron of six Algerian ships on the island of San Pietro, near Sardinia. (details)source
  • 1632Marquis of Santa Cruz leaves the Low Countries in disgrace.source
  • 1639Liège militiamen storm Jehay Castle to preserve the neutrality of the Prince-Bishopricsource
  • 1657French troops occupy Mardyck.source
  • 1670In India, Chhatrapati Shivaji maharaj, the ruler of the Maratha Empire, leads an attack on the British settlement at Surat near Bombay. British Governor Gerald Aungier secures the British fortress at Surat and saves the lives and property of British citizens.source
  • 1673Kintai Bridge is officially completed in Iwakuni, Suō Province (modern-day Yamaguchi Prefecture), Japan.source
  • 1683Shi Lang reaches Taiwan and occupies modern-day Kaohsiung.source
  • 1685The County of Reventlow is established by Conrad von Reventlow from the manors of Sandbjerg and Ballegård as well as the farm Bøgskov.source
  • 1691The Treaty of Limerick, ending the Williamite War in Ireland and guaranteeing civil rights to Roman Catholics, is signed. The Flight of the Wild Geese follows.source
  • 1691the Treaty of Limerick ends the Williamite War in Ireland. The Flight of the Wild Geese – the departure of the Jacobite army – follows.source
  • 1691Treaty of Limerick ends the Williamite War. Its terms are immediately broken by the English.source
  • 1699The Liverpool Merchant, the first slave ship to depart from the Port of Liverpool, sets sail for West Africa where it embarks hundreds of African slaves and sails for Barbados, arriving there on September 18, 1700 with 220 slaves on board.source
  • 1699The Liverpool Merchant, the first slave ship from the port of Liverpool in England, departs to imprison captured West Africans and transport them to the British colonies, arriving in Barbados on September 18, 1700 with 220 slaves.source
  • 1700The Battle of Jouami' al-Ulama takes place in Algeria with a surprise attack and ambush on the army of Murad III Bey of Tunis by two Algerian defenders, Hadj Mustapha, Dey of Algiers and Ahmed ben Ferhat, Beylik of Constantine.source
  • 1712In Scotland a warrant is issued for the arrest of outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor by Advocate Sir James Stewart.source
  • 1712warrant issued for the arrest of outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor by Sir James Stewart (Lord Advocate) at the instigation of James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose.source
  • 1712In Scotland a warrant is issued for the arrest of outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor by Sir James Stewart (Lord Advocate).source
  • 1718Stede Bonnet and his crew are captured near the mouth of the Cape Fear River and taken to Charleston, South Carolina, where they are tried for piracy. All but four are found guilty and sentenced to death (with 22 hanged on November 8), but Bonnet escapes from prison on October 24.source
  • 1735An agreement between the European powers brings a ceasefire in the War of the Polish Succession, one week short of the second anniversary of the war. With France and Spain on the side of the reigning monarch, Stanisław Leszczyński, and Prussia, Russia and Austria supporting Augustus III, a preliminary peace is signed that is ratified as the Treaty of Vienna (1738). By the terms of the treaty, Stanisław Leszczyński renounces his claim on the Polish throne and recognizes Augustus III, Duke of Saxony. As compensation he receives instead the duchies of Lorraine and Bar which are to pass to France upon his death.source
  • 1736French scientist Charles Marie de La Condamine and a team of surveyors begin the first measurements at the Equator to determine the exact meridian arc measurement of distance between points separated by one degree of longitude in order to make a precise calculation of the Earth's circumference. The initial measurements of this French Geodesic Mission to the Equator, made in what is now Ecuador, last until November 3. The same year the French Geodesic Mission to Lapland took place. Both confirm Isaac Newton's prediction that the Figure of the Earth is flattened at the poles.source
  • 1739The Treaty of Niš is signed.source
  • 1744HMS Victory is wrecked on the Casquets in the Channel Islands with the loss of around 900 lives.source
  • 1762September 24–October 6 – Battle of Manila: Troops of the British East India Company take Manila from the Spanish, leading to the British occupation of Manila and its being made an open port.source
  • 1783The first Waterford Crystal glassmaking business begins production in Waterford, Ireland.source
  • 1783first Waterford Crystal glassmaking business begins production in Waterford.source
  • 1792A militia departs from the Spanish stronghold of Valdivia to quell a Huilliche uprising in southern Chile.source
  • 1815The Chassigny Martian meteorite falls in Chassigny, Haute-Marne, France.source
  • 1815Fall of the Mars meteorite Chassigny in Chassigny, Haute-Marne.source
  • 1835The Staedtler Company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.source
  • 1835The Staedtler Company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.source
  • 1839A railway between Naples and Portici (7.4 km) in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies is inaugurated by King Ferdinand II of Bourbon as the first line in the Italian Peninsula.source
  • 1843Elling Eielsen is ordained as the first Norwegian Lutheran minister in the United States.source
  • 1848General Anton Puchner, commander of the Austrian armies of Transylvania, declares insurrection against Hungary, and, together with Karl von Urban in the north and the Romanian insurgents led by Avram Iancu, attacks and chases away the Hungarian armed forces occupying Transylvania.source
  • 1853Hans Jacob Arnold Jensen, military officer and politician (born 1777)source
  • 1853Illawarra Steam Navigation Company incorporatedsource
  • 1859The Auckland Independent begins publishing. It barely survives into the following year.source
  • 1862Kongsvingerbanen, Norway's third railway opens between Lillestrøm and Kongsvinger, is opened.source
  • 1863U.S. President Abraham Lincoln proclaims a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated on the final Thursday in November.source
  • 1864A destructive earthquake causes severe damage and 20 deaths southwest of Veracruz.source
  • 1884The fire of the 2nd Christiansborg Palace begins.source
  • 1885Millwall F.C. is founded by workers on the Isle of Dogs in London, as Millwall Rovers.source
  • 1887Florida A&M University opens in Tallahassee, Florida.source
  • 1894Cape Western – Vryburg to Mafeking, 96 mi.source
  • 1895September 24–October 3 – the Automobile Club de France sponsors the longest race to date, a 1,710 km event, from Bordeaux to Agen and back. Because it is held in ten stages, it can be considered the first rally. The first three places are taken by two Panhards and a three-wheeler De Dion-Bouton.source
  • 1898U.S. Senator Matthew Quay of Pennsylvania is arrested for conspiracy to defraud the People's Bank of Philadelphia.source
  • 1903October 1–13 – First modern World Series: The Boston Americans defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in eight games.source
  • 1910first National Assembly of China convenes, urges Prince Chun to increase constitutional reforms.source
  • 1913The United States Revenue Act of 1913 re-imposes the federal income tax and lowers basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.source
  • 1916September 29-October 5 – Flămânda Offensivesource
  • 1917September 26–October 3 – WWI: Battle of Polygon Wood (part of the Battle of Passchendaele) near Ypres in Belgium – British and Australian troops capture positions from the Germans.source
  • 1918Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany appoints Max von Baden Chancellor of Germany.source
  • 1918King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria abdicates in the wake of the Bulgarian military collapse in WWI. He is succeeded by his son, Boris III.source
  • 1920The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe horse race first runs in Paris.source
  • 1921Simko, the leader of the Shikak tribe, kills the Iranian commander Colonel Mohammad Taqi Pessian by beheading him in the Battle of Jafarabad, which is the first incident of his rebellion.source
  • 1929The country officially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes changes its name to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.source
  • 1930Nationwide outbreak of the Revolution of 1930.source
  • 1930The German Socialist Labour Party in Poland – Left is founded, following a split in the DSAP in Łódź.source
  • 1932Iraq becomes an independent kingdom under Faisal, ending the British mandate.source
  • 1934Qantas de Havilland DH.50 Atalanta, registration VH-UHE, crashes near Winton, Queensland, killing the pilot and 2 passengers.source
  • 1935October 2–3 – The Second Italo-Ethiopian War begins, as Italian General Emilio De Bono invades Ethiopia.source
  • 1937October 2–8 – Parsley Massacre: Under the orders of President Rafael Trujillo, Dominican troops kill thousands of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic.source
  • 1937Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese troops advance toward Nanjing, capital of the Republic of China.source
  • 1942The first A-4 rocket is successfully launched from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometers and reaches an altitude of 84.5 kilometers, becoming the first man-made object to reach space.source
  • 1942The first A-4 rocket is successfully launched from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometers wide and reaches a height of 84.5 kilometers, becoming the first man-made object to reach space.source
  • 1946King Zahir Shah embarks on a 2 month tour around the country.source
  • 1949Albanian Subversion: First Anglo-American attempt to infiltrate guerillas into Albania; the operation is fatally flawed, by being under the control of double agent Kim Philby.source
  • 1950Getúlio Vargas is elected president of Brazil for a 5-year term.source
  • 1951October 3–8 – Korean War: First Battle of Maryang-san – United Nations (primarily Australian) forces drive back the Chinese.source
  • 1952The first British nuclear test in Australia, Operation Hurricane, commences on the Monte Bello Islands with the detonation of an atomic bomb of 25 kilotons yield.source
  • 1953President Getúlio Vargas signs the law that creates the state-owned multinational corporation Petrobras.source
  • 1955The Mickey Mouse Club debuts on the ABC-TV network in the United States.source
  • 1957Australian National Airways (ANA) is merged with Ansett to form Ansett-ANA.source
  • 1962Project Mercury: Mercury-Atlas 8 – U.S. astronaut Walter Schirra orbits the Earth six times, in the Sigma 7 space capsule.source
  • 19631963 Honduran coup d'état: A violent coup in Honduras pre-empts the October 13 election, ends a period of reform under President Ramón Villeda Morales and begins two decades of military rule under General Oswaldo López Arellano.source
  • 1967An X-15 research aircraft with test pilot William J. Knight establishes an unofficial world fixed-wing speed record of Mach 6.7.source
  • 1968In Peru, Juan Velasco Alvarado takes power in a revolution.source
  • 1970In Lebanon, the government of Prime Minister Rashid Karami resigns.source
  • 1970Pope Paul VI names Saint Catherine of Siena (died 1380) as the second female Doctor of the Church.source
  • 1970The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is formed in the United States and the Weather Bureau is renamed to National Weather Service as part of NOAA.source
  • 1971September 27–October 11 – Japanese Emperor Hirohito travels abroad.source
  • 1972September 30-October 7: Hurricane Joannesource
  • 1974An earthquake shakes the Tarapacá Region (Arica and Parinacota Region), with an intensity of 4.5 Richter Scale. This is due to the earthquake that occurred in Lima, Peru.source
  • 1979Security chief Kim Jae-kyu meets democrat politician Kim Young-sam to discuss the country's future.source
  • 1979October 1–7 – Pope John Paul II makes a six-city visit to the United States, starting in Boston.source
  • 1985The Space Shuttle Atlantis makes its maiden flight.source
  • 1986TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron, officially opens at Chalk River Laboratories.source
  • 1986Raffles City, a mixed-use development, is officially opened. During the opening, several proposals to revamp tourism attractions are announced, including upgrading Haw Par Villa, enhancing historic areas like Chinatown and Bugis, a heritage link in the city, revamp of Sentosa and Fort Canning Park, and hosting more sports and cultural events.source
  • 1986A hybrid solar eclipse was visible off the coast of Iceland, and was the 53rd solar eclipse of Solar Saros 124.source
  • 1987The Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement is reached but still requires ratification. This agreement would be a precursor to NAFTA.source
  • 1987Tudor Postelnicu is replaced by Iulian Vlad as head of the Securitate.source
  • 1988Chad and Libya reestablish diplomatic relations after the years-long Chadian–Libyan War.source
  • 1989The government of East Germany closes the country's border with Czechoslovakia to prevent further emigration to the West.source
  • 1989October 1–13 – Typhoons Angela (Rubing), Dan (Saling), and Elsie (Tasing) impact the country in two weeks.source
  • 1991Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Tom Foley announces the closure of the House Bank by the end of the year after revelations that House members have written numerous bad checks.source
  • 1991November 2 – The 1991 Rugby World Cup takes place in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and France and is won by Australia who beat England in the final.source
  • 1992After performing a song protesting against alleged Catholic Church child sexual abuse, Irish singer-songwriter Sinéad O'Connor rips up a photograph of Pope John Paul II on the US television programme Saturday Night Live, causing huge controversy.source
  • 1993October 3–4– Battle of Mogadishu: The U.S. Army conducts Operation Gothic Serpent in the city of Mogadishu, Somalia, deploying Task Force Ranger. Two U.S. Army UH-60 Blackhawks are shot down and the operation leaves over 1,000 Somalis dead and over 74 Americans wounded in action, 18 killed and 1 captured.source
  • 1994October 2 – 16 – The Philippines participates in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to 16, 1994. It Ranks 14th with three gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals with a total of 13 over-all medals.source
  • 1995Murder trial of O. J. Simpson: Former American football star O. J. Simpson is found not guilty of double murder in a criminal trial for the deaths of former wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman.source
  • 1996September 30 – October 4: Hurricane Hernansource
  • 1997The President of Paraguay, Juan Carlos Wasmosy, orders the arrest of political opponent Lino Oviedo.source
  • 1997Ghana Bar Association (GBA) re-elects Mr. Sam Okudzeto as its national president at a conference in Ho in the Volta region.source
  • 19981998 Australian federal election: John Howard's Liberal/National Coalition government is re-elected with a substantially reduced majority, defeating the Labor Party led by Kim Beazley.source
  • 2000Approximate start of Autumn 2000 Western Europe floods (particularly affecting the UK), precipitated by days of heavy rain.source
  • 2001October 1 – 3G wireless technology first becomes available when it is adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo.source
  • 2002September 21–October 4 – Hurricane Lili crosses Cuba and several other Caribbean islands before making landfall in Louisiana.source
  • 2005Croatia and Turkey's accession negotiations to the European Union officially starts.source
  • 2005The second solar eclipse of 2005 was an annular event, occurring at descending node in Virgo. This was 4.8 days after the Moon reached apogee. Gamma had a value of 0.33058. An annular solar eclipse was visible in Portugal, Spain, Libya, Sudan and Kenya, and was the 43rd solar eclipse of Solar Saros 134.source
  • 20082008 financial crisis: U.S. President George W. Bush signs the revised Emergency Economic Stabilization Act into law, creating a 700 billion dollar Treasury fund to purchase failing bank assets.source
  • 2010Germany makes final reparation payment for World War I.source
  • 2010October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.source
  • 2011Hilton Baku Hotel Complex was opened by the participation of Ilham Aliyev.source
  • 2012Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal: Mark Williams-Thomas presents the ITV documentary which exposes Jimmy Savile as a paedophile. The revelations of Savile's prolific sexual abuse crimes results in widespread shock and disgust across the country, resulting in a national scandal, a police investigation into Savile's crimes, and all television episodes featuring him being removed from syndication.source
  • 2014Stefan Löfven replaces Fredrik Reinfeldt as Prime Minister of Sweden.source
  • 2015A United States airstrike on a Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) hospital in Afghanistan kills an estimated 20 people.source
  • 2016Hurricane Matthew makes landfall in Haiti as a category 4 hurricane, killing 842 and causing $2.8 billion in damages.source
  • 2019European Commission spokesperson Daniel Rosario threatens retaliatory measures if the United States imposes a US$7.5-billion (approximately €6.8-billion) tariff on products such as olives, whiskey, wine, cheese, yogurt, and airplanes. The tariffs are scheduled to take place on October 18.source
  • 2021The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and assorted media partners publish a set of 11.9 million documents leaked from 14 financial services companies known as the Pandora Papers, revealing offshore financial activities that involve multiple current and former world leaders.source
  • 2023Elected on January 8, Kevin McCarthy is removed as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, with Mike Johnson being elected new Speaker on October 25.source
  • 2023Sam Bankman-Fried, an American entrepreneur and founder of cryptocurrency exchange company FTX, is put on trial and later convicted on 7 charges of fraud and conspiracy. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison on March 28, 2024.source
  • 2024The United Kingdom agrees to relinquish sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius in exchange for the UK and the United States retaining control over their joint military base in Diego Garcia.source
  • 2024Francisco Morazán Birthdaysource
  • 2024October 3–20 – The 2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup is held in the United Arab Emirates, and is won by New Zealand.source
  • 2025Dame Sarah Mullally is named the first female Archbishop of Canterbury.source
  • 2025Francisco Morazán Birthdaysource

Births

  • 1292Eleanor de Clare, English noblewoman (died 1337)source
  • 1390Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447)source
  • 1458Saint Casimir, Prince of Poland and Duke of Lithuania (died 1484)source
  • 1554Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English poet (died 1628)source
  • 1570George Coke, British bishop (died 1646)source
  • 1577Tobie Matthew, English Member of Parliament, later Catholic priest (died 1655)source
  • 1637George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (died 1720)source
  • 1766John Walbach, French baron and officer in the United States Army, with a military career spanning over 57 years (died 1857)source
  • 1806Oliver Cowdery, American religious leader (died 1850)source
  • 1919James M. Buchanan, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)source
  • 1958Alex Bodry, politiciansource
  • 1979John Morrison, American professional wrestlersource

Deaths

  • 42 BCEGaius Cassius Longinus, Roman nobleman (assassin of Julius Caesar) (suicide)source
  • 723Elias I of Antioch, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.source
  • 818Ermengarde, queen of the Frankssource
  • 959Gérard of Brogne, Frankish abbotsource
  • 1078Grand Prince Iziaslav I dies, and is succeeded by Vsevolod I, who unites the principalities – Kiev, Chernigov and Pereyaslavl – in Kievan Rus'.source
  • 1078Boris Vyacheslavich, prince of Chernigovsource
  • 1078Iziaslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (born 1024)source
  • 1207Xin Qiji, Chinese general and poet (born 1140)source
  • 1226Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan Ordersource
  • 1283The last ruler of an independent Wales, Dafydd ap Gruffydd (David), Prince of Wales, is executed in Shrewsbury, the first prominent person in history to be hanged, drawn and quartered, as capital punishment for the newly created crime of high treason (against Edward I of England).source
  • 1283Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Welsh prince (born 1238)source
  • 1286Fujiwara no Tameuji, Japanese poet (born 1222)source
  • 1292Benvenuta Bojani, Italian nun, mystic and saint (born 1254)source
  • 1369Margaret, Countess of Tyrol (born 1318)source
  • 1399Eleanor de Bohun, English noble (born c.1366)source
  • 1568Elisabeth of Valois, Queen of Philip II of Spain (born 1545)source
  • 1569Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden (born 1536)source
  • 1611Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain (born 1584)source
  • 1611Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, French military leader (born 1554)source
  • 1629Giorgi Saakadze, Georgian military commander (born 1570)source
  • 1641Étienne Martellange, French architect (born 1569)source
  • 1653Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch scholar (born 1612)source
  • 1656Myles Standish, Mayflower colonist (born c. 1584)source
  • 1690Robert Barclay, Scottish Quaker apologist (born 1648)source
  • 1701Joseph Williamson, English politician (born 1633)source
  • 1750James MacLaine, Irish highwayman (born 1724)source
  • 1750'Captain' James MacLaine (or Maclean), gentleman highwayman (born 1724) (hanged at Tyburn)source
  • 1838Black Hawk, Sauk Indian chief, autobiographer (born 1767)source
  • 1877James Roosevelt Bayley, first Roman Catholic Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and eighth Archbishop of Baltimore (born 1814)source
  • 1881Orson Pratt, American religious leader (born 1811)source
  • 1896William Morris, English designer, poet and political activist (born 1834)source
  • 1922Rebecca Latimer Felton becomes the first female U.S. senator when Georgia's governor gives her a temporary appointment pending an election to replace Senator Thomas Watson, who has died suddenly.source
  • 1931Carl Nielsen, Danish composer (born 1865)source
  • 1936John Heisman, American football coach (born 1869)source
  • 1967Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (born 1912)source