/year

November 30 in history

208 sourced entries recorded on November 30, from 722 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 722Wessex-born Boniface is ordained as bishop of Germany by Pope Gregory II. Under the protection of Charles Martel (mayor of the palace), he concentrates his religious work in Hessia and Thuringia.source
  • 977Otto II is unable to take Paris, he lifts the siege of the capital and withdraws. A Frankish army under Lothair III pursues and defeats the imperial rearguard while crossing the Aisne River. Otto escapes and is forced to take refuge at Aachen with Charles, after his supplies are destroyed.source
  • 1335Battle of Culblean: David Bruce defeats Edward Balliol in Scotland.source
  • 1335Battle of Culblean, decisive Bruce loyalist victorysource
  • 1365The Nagarakretagama, a Javanese eulogy chronicling the journey of the Majapahit king, Hayam Wuruk, through his kingdom, is completed by Mpu Prapanca.source
  • 1369Hundred Years' War: Charles V of France recaptures most of Aquitaine from the English.source
  • 1377The Battle of Fornarina is fought in Italy when the independent village of San Ginesio (now in Italy's Macerata province) is invaded by mercenaries from the larger city of Fermo from a neighboring province. As the mercenaires cross through an unguarded and open gate, a baker in the middle of baking bread hears the troops approach, throws hot ashes into the first line of soldiers, and alerts the Ginosan troops who drive the invaders up a hill and over the side of a steep cliff.source
  • 1393Konrad von Jungingen succeeds the late Konrad von Wallenrode, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.source
  • 1396King Richard II summons the members of the English House of Lords and the House of Commons to open the English Parliament on January 22.source
  • 1411Henry IV dismisses Prince Henry and his supporters from the government. The next day, the leader of the Armagnacs, the Duke of Orleans, finds that the gates to the walled city of Paris have been locked and are closely guarded.source
  • 1433After months of negotiations between the Council of Basel and the Bohemian government, the Compactata of Prague is ratified an assembly of Bohemian and Moravian representatives, resolving the conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the Hussites.source
  • 1487Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria promulgates the Reinheitsgebot, specifying three ingredients – water, malt and hops – for the brewing of beer.source
  • 1495An explosion at Vyborg Castle deters the Russian forces, who have invaded Sweden through Karelia.source
  • 1535Jakob Hutter, leader of the Hutterites is arrested along with his wife in Klausen in the Tyrol region on the Italian side of the Alps. The two are taken to the prison at the fortress in Bronzolo.source
  • 1538Sucre, Bolivia, is founded under the name Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo.source
  • 1538Dissolution of the Monasteries in England: Byland Abbey is dissolved.source
  • 1601Prince Hugh Roe O'Donnell, on his way to the Battle of Kinsale, visits and venerates a relic of the True Cross (Holy rood) on the Feast of St. Andrew, at Holy Cross Abbey.source
  • 1608At the colony of Portuguese Macau, a port on the Chinese mainland leased from the Chinese Empire, a group of 100 Japanese samurai, wielding katana and muskets engage in a fight with musket-armed Portuguese soldiers commanded by Governor André Pessoa. Around 50 Japanese are killed and the others are imprisoned until they sign an affidavit blaming themselves for the incident. Tokugawa Ieyasu, the principal shogun of Japan, subsequently ends the "red seal ships" program of authorizing Japanese nationals to visit Macau. The incident eventually leads to much larger naval battle in 1610, the Nossa Senhora da Graça incident.source
  • 1612Battle of Swally: Forces of the British East India Company and Portugal engage off the coast of India, resulting in an English victory.source
  • 1613King Anaukpetlun of Burma sends an army of 4,000 troops to drive the Siamese occupiers from the Tenasserim coast.source
  • 1616Cardinal Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, is named French Secretary of State by young king Louis XIII. Richelieu will change France into a unified centralised state, able to resist both England and the Habsburg Empire.source
  • 1622A fleet of 43 Dutch ships from Suriname attacks the Araya Peninsula in Venezuela in an attempt to halt construction of a Spanish fortress. The Spanish drive the Dutch away after six weeks of fighting, ending January 13, 1623.source
  • 1629The St Etienne baronets British nobility title is created.source
  • 1639In Normandy, the revolt of the va-nu-pieds is crushed by the troops of French Army Colonel Jean de Gassion under orders of Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, with 300 of the rebels killed.source
  • 1652The Netherlands takes control of the English Channel after the Battle of Dungeness ends in a Dutch victory over the English Royal Navy.source
  • 1652First Anglo-Dutch War: English under Blake defeated by Dutch under Tromp at the Battle of Dungeness.source
  • 1653Jacques Dyel du Parquet completes his installment payments, totaling 41,500 French livres, to become the exclusive owner of the Caribbean islands of Martinique, Grenada, Saint Lucia and the Grenadines.source
  • 166730 November–1 December – The Earl of Clarendon goes into exile on the continent.source
  • 1686Melchor Portocarrero, 3rd Count of Monclova becomes the new Viceroy of New Spain (encompassing what is now Mexico and much of the southwestern United States) as he arrives in Mexico City to take over at the end of the term of Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquess of la Laguna.source
  • 1696Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville captures and destroys St. John's, Newfoundland after a three-day siege.source
  • 1697Prince Eugene of Savoy, a field marshal within the Holy Roman Empire, purchases a large tract of land in Vienna for construction of the Belvedere Palace.source
  • 1700November 30 (November 19 O.S.; November 20 Swedish calendar) – Battle of Narva in Estonia: Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Estonia, Charles XII of Sweden routs the huge Russian army.source
  • 1700Battle of Narva, an early battle in the Great Northern War where a Russian siege force was defeated by a Swedish relief army under Charles XII of Sweden.source
  • 1700November 30 (November 19 OS; November 20 Swedish calendar) – Battle of Narva in Estonia. Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Estonia, Charles XII of Sweden routs the huge Russian army at Narva.source
  • 1703Isaac Newton is elected president of the Royal Society of London, a position he will hold until his death in 1727.source
  • 1707War of the Spanish Succession: The Siege of Pensacola ends, with the Spanish successfully defending their fort.source
  • 1710The first visit to the Pacific islands of Palau is made by a Jesuit expedition led by Francisco Padilla; unfortunately, the ship is driven to Mindanao by a storm, leaving two priests stranded.source
  • 1714King Philip V of Spain issues a decree reorganizing the Spanish government to create four ministries, with the Secretary of State being the chief minister, predecessor to the office of Prime Minister of Spain. José de Grimaldo becomes the first person to have the chief ministry.source
  • 1718King Karl XII was shot and killed at the Siege of Fredriksten fortress.source
  • 1735The Netherlands becomes the first government to announce a prohibition against citizens joining the Freemasons.source
  • 1774Thomas Paine, a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence.source
  • 1774Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by King George III and Prime Minister North.source
  • 1780American Revolutionary War: The British San Juan Expedition is forced to withdraw.source
  • 1780American Revolutionary War: The San Juan Expedition is forced to withdraw.source
  • 1782American Revolutionary War: In Paris, representatives from the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized in the Treaty of Paris).source
  • 1784Richard Henry Lee of Virginia is selected as the new President of the Confederation Congress.source
  • 1786Peter Leopold Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, promulgates a penal reform, making his country the first state to abolish the death penalty. This day is therefore commemorated by 300 cities around the world as Cities for Life Day.source
  • 17991799–1800 Papal conclave opens in Venice at San Giorgio Monastery.source
  • 1803At the Cabildo in New Orleans, Spanish representatives Governor Manuel de Salcedo and the Marqués de Casa Calvo officially transfer Louisiana (New Spain) to French representative Prefect Pierre Clément de Laussat. Barely three weeks later, France transfers the same land to the United States.source
  • 1803The Balmis Expedition starts in Spain, with the aim of vaccinating millions against smallpox in Spanish America and the Philippines.source
  • 1804The Democratic-Republican-controlled United States Senate begin an impeachment trial against Federalist-partisan Supreme Court of the United States Justice Samuel Chase (he was charged with political bias but was acquitted by the United States Senate of all charges on March 1, 1805).source
  • 1804The Democratic-Republican-controlled United States Senate begins an impeachment trial against Federalist-partisan Supreme Court of the United States Justice Samuel Chase, on charges of political bias (he is acquitted by the United States Senate of all charges on March 1, 1805).source
  • 1808Peninsular War: Battle of Somosierra: A French cavalry charge of the Polish Chevau-léger (some 8,000 horsemen) of the Imperial Guard under Baron Jan Kozietulski overwhelm the Spanish positions at Somosierra. The victory removes the last obstacle barring the road to Madrid.source
  • 1810November 29–December 3 – Invasion of Isle de France: British forces force the French to surrender Isle de France (Mauritius).source
  • 1810The Norwegian Government commission was dissolved.source
  • 1824The first sod is turned in Ontario for the first of four Welland Canals. The canal opens for a trial run five years later to the day, on November 30, 1829.source
  • 1829The original Welland Canal opens for a trial run, with a ceremony at Port Dalhousie, Upper Canada.source
  • 1829Construction of the First Welland Canal is completed (construction to begin again in 1831)source
  • 1846The Donner Party becomes snowbound.source
  • 1853November 30 (November 18 O.S.) – Crimean War: Battle of Sinop – The Russian fleet destroys the Turkish fleet.source
  • 1854SS Nile is wrecked on The Stones reef off Godrevy Head on the north Cornwall coast, with the loss of all on board – at least 40.source
  • 1857President of Mexico Ignacio Comonfort is succeeded by Félix María Zuloaga.source
  • 1864American Civil War: Second Battle of Franklin – The Confederate Army of Tennessee, led by General Hood, mounts a dramatically unsuccessful frontal assault on Union positions around Franklin, Tennessee (Hood loses 6 generals and almost a third of his troops).source
  • 1868A bronze statue of King Charles XII is unveiled in Stockholm's Kungsträdgården park.source
  • 1870the first unofficial international Association football match, England v Scotland, takes place under the approval of the Football Association (FA) at The Oval, London. The Scotland team is selected by the FA from players in the London area with Scottish connections.source
  • 1871Work on Covering of the Senne formally completed.source
  • 1872The first international Association football match to be recognised (retrospectively) by FIFA as "official" takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Scotland; the result is Scotland 0-0 England. Earlier international football matches have already taken place in 1870, in 1871 and again in 1872 at the Oval, London.source
  • 1886The Folies Bergère stages its first revue in Paris.source
  • 1889Princeton wins the Consensus College Football National Championshipsource
  • 1896"St. Augustine Monster": A large carcass, later postulated to be the remains of a gigantic octopus, is found washed ashore near St. Augustine, Florida.source
  • 1896The St. Augustine Monster, a large carcass later postulated to be the remains of a gigantic octopus, is found washed ashore near St. Augustine, Florida.source
  • 1896Udinese Calcio Association football club is founded in Udine, Italy.source
  • 1898The United Central American States, a merger of Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador, is formally dissolved after the government was unable to suppress a revolution in San Salvador.source
  • 1899The first women to serve, in uniform, in the armed forces of any nation begins service as part of the Canadian Militia Expeditionary Force to Cape Town to serve in the Boer War. Georgina Fane Pope and three other women are enlisted as army nurses.source
  • 1901Finance Minister Paolo Carcano announces a surplus of 41,000,000 lire (US$7,800,000) for the past financial year and anticipated a surplus of 13,000,000 lire for 1901–02. Italy is the only great power in Europe in a good financial position.source
  • 1902The second-in-command of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch, Harvey Logan ("Kid Curry"), is captured after a shootout with lawmen in Knoxville, Tennessee. He is sentenced to a $5,000 fine and 20 years hard labor for robbery but escapes custody in 1903.source
  • 1902On the American frontier, the second-in-command of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch, Harvey Logan ("Kid Curry"), is captured after a shootout with lawmen in Knoxville, Tennessee. He is sentenced to a $5,000 fine and 20 years hard labor for robbery but escapes custody in 1903.source
  • 1908Root–Takahira Agreementsource
  • 1909Elise Aubert, novelist, short-story writer, and non-fiction writer (born 1837).source
  • 1918Ernest Ansermet conducts the first concert by the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.source
  • 1922The establishment of Norwegian government-owned alcoholic beverage retailer "Vinmonopolet".source
  • 1925Tekkes, traditional institutions were closedsource
  • 1932The Polish Cipher Bureau breaks the German Enigma cipher.source
  • 1936Johan Turi, first Sami author to publish work (born 1854)source
  • 1936A spectacular fire destroys The Crystal Palace in London, originally built for the 1851 Great Exhibition.source
  • 1936The Crystal Palace in south London is destroyed in a fire.source
  • 1938The Czechoslovak parliament elects Emil Hácha as the new president of Czechoslovakia.source
  • 1938Benito Mussolini and his Foreign Minister, Count Galeazzo Ciano, order "spontaneous" demonstrations in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, demanding that France cede Tunisia, Nice, Corsica and French Somaliland to Italy. This begins an acute crisis in Franco-Italian relations, that lasts until March 1939.source
  • 1938A general strike is called in France by the French Communist Party, to protest the laws of November 12.source
  • 1939WWII: Winter War – Soviet forces attack Finland and reach the Mannerheim Line, starting the war. Sweden declares itself a non-belligerent in the Winter War.source
  • 1941November 30 and December 8 – Rumbula massacre: Nazi forces kill approximately 24,000 Latvian Jews and 1,000 German Jews outside of Riga.source
  • 1942WWII: Battle of Tassafaronga – In a nighttime naval battle as part of the Guadalcanal campaign, ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy defeat those of the United States Navy.source
  • 19491949 New Zealand general election: The New Zealand National Party, led by Sidney Holland defeats the incumbent New Zealand Labour Party, led by Peter Fraser.source
  • 1952Lang Hancock discovers the world's largest deposit of iron ore in the Hamersley Range of Western Australia's Pilbara region.source
  • 1953Kabaka crisis: Edward Mutesa II, the kabaka (king) of Buganda, is deposed and exiled to London by Sir Andrew Benjamin Cohen, Governor of Uganda.source
  • 1954In Sylacauga, Alabama, a four-kilogram piece of the Hodges Meteorite crashes through the roof of a house and badly bruises a napping woman, in the first documented case of an object from outer space hitting a person.source
  • 1955The 1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition begins.source
  • 1955The internal debt of Colombia reaches 880 million pesos, a rise from 489 million at the end of 1954.source
  • 1956African-American Floyd Patterson wins the world heavyweight boxing championship that is vacant after the retirement of Rocky Marciano.source
  • 19571957 New Zealand general election: The Labour Party defeats the governing National Party, with Walter Nash succeeding Keith Holyoake as Prime Minister.source
  • 1958Gaullists win the French parliamentary election.source
  • 1962The United Nations General Assembly elects U Thant of Burma, as the new Secretary-General of the United Nations.source
  • 19631963 Australian federal election: Robert Menzies' Liberal/Country Coalition Government is re-elected with an increased majority to an unprecedented eighth term in office, defeating the Labor Party led by Arthur Calwell. (This would be the final lower house election won by Menzies, who would retire from office during the term as the longest-serving Prime Minister in Australian history; he would be replaced by Harold Holt.)source
  • 1963The Romanian and Yugoslavian governments agree to develop the Iron Gate Hydroelectric Power Station.source
  • 1964John Diefenbaker launches a filibuster to try to prevent the introduction of a new Canadian flagsource
  • 1967Zulfikar Ali Bhutto founds the Pakistan People's Party and becomes its first chairman. It has gone on to become one of Pakistan's major political parties (alongside the Pakistan Muslim League) that is broken into many factions, bearing the same name under different leaders, such as the Pakistan's Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP).source
  • 1967The Pakistan People's Party is founded in Lahore, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is chosen as its chairman.source
  • 1971Iranian forces occupy the Persian Gulf islands of Abu Musa (joint occupation by agreement with Sharjah) and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs (taken by force from Ras Al Khaimah).source
  • 1977The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is founded as a specialized agency of the United Nations.source
  • 197930 November-1 December – 1979 Chilean telethonsource
  • 1979The Wall, a rock opera concept album by Pink Floyd, is first released.source
  • 1986The first episode of Crimewatch is shown on SBC 5.source
  • 1986An earthquake measuring 5.3 on the Richter Scale hits the municipality of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte.source
  • 1993U.S. President Bill Clinton signs the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act.source
  • 1995Operation Desert Storm officially ends.source
  • 1999The Hortobágy National Park becomes a World Heritage Sitesource
  • 2004November 29–December 3 – Typhoon Nanmadol kills 775 people in the Philippines.source
  • 2005Surgeons in France carry out the first human face transplant with Isabelle Dinoire becoming the first person to undergo it.source
  • 2008İzmir Wildlife Park has opened.source
  • 2010November 29–December 10 – The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in Cancún, Mexico. Formally referred to as the 16th session of the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 16), it serves too as the 6th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 6).source
  • 2011The United Kingdom severs diplomatic relations with Iran and expels diplomats, less than 24 hours after protesters attacked the British embassy in Tehran.source
  • 2012November 25–December 9 – Typhoon Bopha, known as "Pablo" in the Philippines, kills at least 1,067 with around 838 people missing. The typhoon causes considerable damage in the island of Mindanao.source
  • 2015The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 21) is held in Paris, attended by leaders from 147 nations.source
  • 2017The Roman Catholic Diocese of Siuna is establishedsource
  • 2018The Kanden Tunnel Trolleybus, one of the last remaining Japanese trolleybus systems, closes.source
  • 2020Petra Diamonds sells its Botswana assets, Sekaka Diamonds Exploration, to Botswana Diamonds.source
  • 2020Protein folding, one of the biggest mysteries in biology, is solved by AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence algorithm developed by DeepMind.source
  • 20212021 Tongan general electionsource
  • 2022OpenAI releases ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot able to answer questions and write essays.source
  • 2023Montenegro postpones its population census to 3 December after the opposition threats to boycott the headcount.source
  • 2024Syrian civil war: Opposition forces seize control of most of Aleppo, Syria, prompting the first Russian airstrikes on the city since 2016.source
  • 2025November 27–30 – An ecumenical meeting of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Catholic Church at Nicaea is held to mark the 1,700th anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea.source

Births

  • 1194Andrea Caccioli, Italian priest (died 1254)source
  • 1302Andrew Corsini, Italian prelate and bishop (died 1374)source
  • 1310Frederick II, German nobleman (died 1349)source
  • 1340John, Duke of Berry, son of John II of France (died 1416)source
  • 1364John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (died 1390)source
  • 1426Johann IV Roth, Roman Catholic bishop (died 1506)source
  • 1427Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland (died 1492)source
  • 1466Andrea Doria, Genoese condottiero and admiral (died 1560)source
  • 1485Veronica Gambara, Italian poet and stateswoman (died 1550)source
  • 1508Andrea Palladio, Italian architect (died 1580)source
  • 1549Sir Henry Savile, English educator (died 1622)source
  • 1554Sir Philip Sidney, English courtier and poet (died 1586)source
  • 1573Aubert Miraeus, Belgian historian (died 1640)source
  • 1594John Cosin, English churchman (died 1672)source
  • 1614William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford of England (died 1680)source
  • 1622Robert van den Hoecke, Flemish painter (died 1668)source
  • 1628November 30 (baptised) – John Bunyan, English writer best known for The Pilgrim's Progress (died 1688)source
  • 1642Andrea Pozzo, Jesuit Brother, architect and painter (died 1709)source
  • 1667Jonathan Swift, Irish writer (died 1745)source
  • 1668William August, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (died 1671)source
  • 1686Richard Lumley, 2nd Earl of Scarbrough (died 1740)source
  • 1692Livio Retti, Italian artist (died 1751)source
  • 1699King Christian VI of Denmark (died 1746)source
  • 1699Christian VI of Denmark, (died 1746)source
  • 1719Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (died 1772)source
  • 1721John Egerton, bishop of Bangor (died 1787)source
  • 1723William Livingston, American politician, journalist (died 1790)source
  • 1781Alexander Berry, Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (died 1873)source
  • 1813Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer (died 1888)source
  • 1817Theodor Mommsen, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1903)source
  • 1825William-Adolphe Bouguereau, French painter and educator (died 1905)source
  • 1835Mark Twain, American author, humorist (died 1910)source
  • 1847Afonso Pena, Brazilian president (died 1909)source
  • 1858Jagadish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (died 1937)source
  • 1863Andrés Bonifacio, Filipino revolutionary leader (died 1897)source
  • 1874Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (died 1965)source
  • 1885Albert Kesselring, German field marshal (died 1960)source
  • 1908José Antonio de Armas Chitty (died 1995) — historian, poet, chronicler, essayist, biographer and researcher.source
  • 1935Woody Allen, American actor and film directorsource
  • 1936Eric Walter Elst, Belgian astronomer (died 2022)source
  • 1937Ridley Scott, British film director, producersource
  • 1973Christian, Canadian professional wrestlersource

Deaths

  • 912Otto I, duke of Saxonysource
  • 1016Edmund II dies and Cnut takes control of the whole of the Kingdom of England.source
  • 1016Edmund II "Ironside", king of Englandsource
  • 1196Richard of Acerra, Norman noblemansource
  • 1203Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi, Arab scholar and jurist (born 1146)source
  • 1210Florence of Holland, Scottish bishopsource
  • 1276Hōjō Sanetoki, Japanese nobleman (born 1224)source
  • 1283John of Vercelli, Italian Master General (born 1205)source
  • 1378Andrew Stratford, English verderer and landownersource
  • 1406Cardinal Angelo Correr of is elected as Pope after a 12-day conclave in Rome to select a successor to Pope Innocent VII, who died on November 6. Correr, the Patriarch of Constantinople takes the regnal name of Pope Gregory XII as the 205th pope of the Roman Catholic Church.source
  • 1421Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad beomes the fourth Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria in less than a year when his father Sayf al-Din Tatar, dies after only three months on the throne.source
  • 1497Anna Sforza, Italian noble (born 1476)source
  • 1526Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Italian condottiero (born 1498)source
  • 1600Nanda Bayin, King of Burma (born 1535)source
  • 1603William Gilbert, English scientist (plague) (born 1544)source
  • 1647Giovanni Lanfranco, Italian painter (born 1582)source
  • 1647Bonaventura Cavalieri, Italian mathematician (born 1598)source
  • 1654John Selden, English jurist (born 1584)source
  • 1675Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, colonial Governor of Maryland (born 1605)source
  • 1678Andries de Graeff, Dutch politician (born 1611)source
  • 1760Friederike Caroline Neuber, German actress (born 1697)source
  • 1786Bernardo de Gálvez, Spanish military leader who aided the United States in its quest for independence, in the American Revolutionary War (born 1746)source
  • 1830Pope Pius VIII, Italian pontiff (born 1761)source
  • 1850Germain Henri Hess, chemist and doctor (born 1802)source
  • 1852Junius Brutus Booth, English-born stage actor, father of Edwin Booth and John Wilkes Booth (born 1796)source
  • 1900Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (born 1854)source
  • 1935Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese writer (born 1888)source
  • 1938Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian fascist politician, leader of the Iron Guard (executed along other Guard activists) (born 1899)source
  • 1938Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, leader of the Romanian fascist Iron Guard, is murdered on the orders of King Carol II of Romania. Officially, Codreanu and the 13 other Iron Guard leaders are "shot while trying to escape".source
  • 1949Matti Caspi, Israeli singer (died 2026).source
  • 1954Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (born 1886)source
  • 1957Indonesian president Sukarno survives a grenade attack at the Cikini School in Jakarta, but several children are killed.source
  • 1984Sri Lankan Civil War, Kent and Dollar Farm massacres: the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam begin their first massacres of the Sinhalese people, in North and East Sri Lanka. 127 are killed.source
  • 2007Evel Knievel, 69, American stunt performer.source