/year

March 23 in history

204 sourced entries recorded on March 23, from 59 CE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 59Emperor Nero orders the murder of his mother Agrippina the Younger. He tries to kill her through a planned shipwreck, but when she survives, he has her executed and frames it as a suicide.source
  • 255Sima Shi passes away.source
  • 734A large earthquake strikes the Tang dynasty city of Qinzhou (in the vicinity of modern-day Tianshui City), causing serious damage and killing around 4000 people.source
  • 893893 Ardabil earthquake. Several earthquake catalogues and historical sources describe this earthquake as a destructive earthquake that struck the city of Ardabil, Iran. The magnitude is unknown, but the death toll was reported to be very large. The USGS, in their "List of Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths", give an estimate that 150,000 were killed, which would make it the ninth deadliest earthquake in history.source
  • 1024March 23 (9 Muharram 415 AH) – In the first example of the reversal of the policy of religious tolerance created by the late Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim, Egyptian Christian Abu Zakariyya is arrested on charges of apostasy. Zakariyya, raised as a Christian, had converted to Islam, but then renounced Islam and converted back to Christianity, with immunity granted by al-Hakim. Zakariyya, apparently singled out for punishment is executed on October 14 (7 Shaban 415 CE).source
  • 1035Battle of Cesar (near the village of Cesar, Portugal): The armies of Bermudo III, King of León, defeat the Moorish armies of Abu'l-Qasim, the emir of the Taifa of Seville.source
  • 1223At a meeting in Ferentino at the imperial villa of the Papal States, Pope Honorius III hosts a meeting with the newly-widowed Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor; John I, King of Jerusalem; Patriarch Raoul of Mérencourt; and papal legate Pelagius Galvani to prepare for the Sixth Crusade by European Christians against the Muslims of the Middle East. Frederick agrees to lead the crusade in return for being able to marry John's daughter, Yolande of Brienne.source
  • 1225Prince Richard of Cornwall, brother of King Henry III of England, and his uncle William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury, depart England on with 77 warriors on an expedition to fight in Aquitaine in France, and soon land at Bordeaux, then on to capture La Rochelle. As the expedition progresses, Richard's expedition captures La Réole and Bergerac by November.source
  • 1307Fra Dolcino of Novara, Margaret of Trent and Longino da Bergamo, leaders of the New Apostles movement in Italy, are captured at Val Sesia and tried for heresy on orders of Pope Clement V. They will be executed on June 1.source
  • 1317In France, Hugues Géraud, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Cahors, is arrested along with plotting to assassinate Pope John XXII (with poisoned bread) and to use evil magic against him and two of his advisors, Bertrand du Pouget and Gaucelme de Jean. Following a trial, Géraud is convicted of witchcraft and sacrilege, and executed on August 30.source
  • 1324Pope John XXII excommunicates Louis IV (Ludwig the Bavarian), King of the Romans, as Louis has not sought papal approval during his conflict against his rival Frederick the Fair. Louis, in turn, declares the pope a heretic, because of John's opposition to the view of the absolute poverty of Christ held by some Franciscans.source
  • 1351Firuz Shah Tughlaq succeeds Mohammad Tughlaq as ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. At this time, the Samma dynasty in Sindh (part of modern-day Pakistan) breaks away from the Sultanate.source
  • 1369Enrique of Castile assassinates King Pedro of Castile after Pedro is betrayed by Bertrand du Guesclin.source
  • 1400Five-year-old Trần Thiếu Đế is forced to abdicate as ruler of Đại Việt (modern-day Vietnam), in favour of his maternal grandfather and court official Hồ Quý Ly, ending the Trần dynasty after 175 years and starting the Hồ dynasty. Hồ Quý Ly subsequently changes the country's name to Đại Ngu.source
  • 1403Stříbrná Skalice in Central Bohemia is razed by Sigismund of Luxembourg.source
  • 1415Giorgio Adorno resigns as the Doge of Genoa despite having been appointed for life.source
  • 1486After getting into a war with the Kingdom of Naples by siding with rebels in the Barons' Conspiracy, Pope Innocent VIII sends the Papal Legate, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (who will become later become Pope Julius II), as an envoy to the Kingdom of France to seek assistance from King Charles VIII. King Charles sends a delegation to Rome two months later, with no resolution made.source
  • 1509Pope Julius II issues the papal bull Petierunt a nobis, declaring his allegiance to the League of Cambrai.source
  • 1513At Blois, king Louis XII concludes a new alliance with the Republic of Venice, while the doge Leonardo Loredan ratifies the same Franco-Venetian treaty on April 12.source
  • 1530The Tribute of the Maltese Falcon, an agreement by the Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem to pay an annual tribute to the Charles V, King of Sicily, in return for an order granting the Knights full rulership of Tripoli and the islands of Malta and Gozo, is reached. The transfer of ownership takes place on October 26, 1550, although Tripoli is conquered by the Ottomans on August 15, 1551.source
  • 1535English forces under William Skeffington storm Maynooth Castle in Ireland, the stronghold of Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare, after a siege that began on March 16. Skeffington shows little mercy to the 25 surviving defenders, and has them decapitated in front of the castle two days after the surrender.source
  • 1540Waltham Abbey is the last to be closed as part of Henry VIII of England's dissolution of the monasteries.source
  • 1561Lope de Aguirre, a Basque Spanish conquistador, begins a rebellion against the Spanish Crown in an attempt to take over most of Spanish South America.source
  • 1568The Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de' Medici and Charles IX make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.source
  • 1598The abdication of Sigismund Báthory as Prince of Transylvania (now part of Romania) is accepted by the Transylvanian nobles. Sigismund's cousin, Andrew Báthory, is then elected as the new Prince.source
  • 1651Brussels Privy Council issues a proclamation on behalf of Philip IV prohibiting his subjects from contributing to the building of Protestant churches in Dutch territorysource
  • 1656Roman Catholic Pope Alexander VII issues a decree ending the Chinese Rites controversy between Jesuit missionaries (who tolerate the rites as compatible with Catholicism) and Dominican and Franciscan missionaries (who consider the Chinese rituals incompatible). The Pope rules that practices ""favorable to Chinese customs", including Confucianism and ancestor worship, can be accepted as compatible with Catholic rites.source
  • 1657Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60): By the Treaty of Paris, France and England form an alliance against Spain; England will receive Dunkirk.source
  • 1661General Zheng Chenggong of China, known as "Koxinga" leads an invasion of the island of Taiwan, at the time under the control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), bringing 25,000 soldiers and sailors on hundreds of boats to claim the territory.source
  • 1668The Bawdy House Riots of 1668 take place in London when a group of English Dissenters begins attacking brothels, initially as a protest against the harsh enforcement of laws against private worshippers and the lack of enforcement of laws against prostitution. Over a period of three days, rioters who join in the violence destroy brothels in the London districts of Poplar, Moorfields, East Smithfield, St Leonard's, Shoreditch, St Andrew's and Holborn.source
  • 1678Revolt of the Three Feudatories in southern China: rebel general Wu Sangui, lord of the Yunnan fief, takes the imperial crown, names himself monarch of "The Great Zhou", based in the Hunan province, with Hengyang as his capital. He contracts dysentery over the summer and dies on October 2, ending the rebellion against the Kangxi Emperor.source
  • 1704War of the Spanish Succession: The English Navy ships HMS Kent, HMS Bedford and HMS Antelope intercept two newly-built Spanish warships, Porta Coeli and Santa Teresa off of the coast of Cape Spartel, as the Spaniards attempt to sail into the Strait of Gibraltar. The two Spanish ships are captured after a seven-hour battle and taken toward Lisbon, but the Santa Teresa sinks along the way.source
  • 1708James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", having sailed from Dunkirk with 5000 French troops, with the intention of invading Britain, attempts to land in the Firth of Forth; the attempt is thwarted by the Royal Navy, under Admiral Byng.source
  • 1708James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite pretender to the throne of Great Britain, unsuccessfully tries to land from a French fleet in the Firth of Forth in Scotland.source
  • 1708James Francis Edward Stuart unsuccessfully tries to land at Burntisland on the Firth of Forth with a French fleet.source
  • 1713Tuscarora War: Fort Neoheroka falls to the Carolina militia, effectively ending the Tuscarora nation's military strength. Two Tuscaroran allies, the Machapunga and Coree tribes, continue offensive actions against North Carolina.source
  • 1716Jeremias III becomes the new Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church.source
  • 1729Johann Sebastian Bach's First Köthen Funeral music premieres at St. Jakob, Köthen, in honor of the funeral of his former employer Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen. The next morning, Bach's funeral cantata Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a premieres at St. Jakob, marking the same occasion.source
  • 1730Personal union between Sweden and Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel until 1751.source
  • 1746The County of Ledreborg is established by Johan Ludvig Holstein from the manors of Ledreborg and Skullerupholm as well as Hulegården, Kornerupgård, Breientvedgården, Bonderup (sold 1764), Næsbyholm (sold 1764) and Bavelse (sold 1764).source
  • 1752Ava, capital of the Kingdom of Burma, is sacked by Hanthawaddy Kingdom, led by King Binnya Dala.source
  • 1752The Halifax Gazette, the first Canadian newspaper, is published.source
  • 1752Canada's first newspaper, the weekly Halifax Gazette, is published.source
  • 1757The British East India Company takes control of Chandannagar and forces out the French Indian administrators.source
  • 1762first legitimately constituted Sandemanian congregation in England, at Glover's Hall in London, as an offshoot of the Scottish Glasite sect.source
  • 1764Following lobbying by George Johnstone, the Governor of British West Florida, Britain's Lords of Trade vote to recommend the northern boundary for the new province to run from the confluence of the Yazoo River and the Mississippi (at modern-day Vicksburg, Mississippi) to the Chattahoochee River (at modern-day Phenix City, Alabama), and the Privy Council soon approves, bringing about 38,000 sq mi under the West Florida's jurisdiction.source
  • 1769Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, the Prime Minister, and his wife, Anne, are divorced; on 24 June the Duke remarries.source
  • 1775American Revolution: Patrick Henry, a delegate to the Second Virginia Convention after the Virginia House of Burgesses was disbanded by the Royal Governor, delivers his "Give me Liberty or give me Death!" speech at St. John's Church in Richmond, Virginia.source
  • 1779astronomer Edward Pigott discovers the Black Eye Galaxy.source
  • 1794British troops capture Martinique from the French.source
  • 1799War of the Second Coalition: Victory of Franjo Jelačić and the Austrian army over the French army of André Masséna at the Battle of Feldkirch.source
  • 1806Explorers Lewis and Clark and their Corps of Discovery, having reached the Pacific Ocean after traveling through the Louisiana Purchase, begin their journey home.source
  • 1835The Academia Mexicana de la Lengua (Mexican Academy of Language) is established.source
  • 1835The Mexican Academy of Language is established.source
  • 1839The Boston Morning Post first records the use of "O.K." (oll korrect).source
  • 1839The Boston Morning Post first records the use of "OK".source
  • 1839An earthquake in the Kingdom of Burma kills more than 400 people and destroys three cities, as well as heavily damaging the capital at Ava.source
  • 1844The Edict of Toleration is passed in the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1848The settlement of Dunedin, New Zealand is founded, with the arrival of settlers from Scotland on board the John Wickliffe.source
  • 1848Scottish settlers on the John Wickliffe, captained by Edinburgh-born William Cargill, arrive at what will become Port Chalmers in the Otago region of New Zealand. Dunedin is established by the Lay Association of the Free Church of Scotland through the Otago Association.source
  • 1849First Italian War of Independence: Battle of Novara – The Kingdom of Sardinia suffers a huge defeat after a two day battle, and King Charles Albert of Sardinia abdicates.source
  • 1857Elisha Otis' first elevator is installed (at 488 Broadway, New York City).source
  • 1867William III of the Netherlands accepts an offer of 5,000,000 guilders from Napoleon III for the sale of Luxembourg, leading to the Luxembourg Crisis.source
  • 1868The University of California is founded in Oakland, California, when the Organic Act is signed into California law.source
  • 1881A fire caused by a gas explosion destroys the Opéra de Nice in the south of France with fatalities.source
  • 1881A fire caused by a gas explosion destroys the Opéra de Nice with fatalities.source
  • 1886Tchaikovsky’s Manfred symphony premieres in Moscow, Russia.source
  • 1887The DS «Vardøhus» whaler sinks outside the town of Mandal in Norway. 46 dead.source
  • 1888A meeting called by William McGregor to discuss establishment of The Football League is held in London.source
  • 1889Claiming to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founds the Ahmadiyya Muslim community in Punjab Province (British India).source
  • 1895March 23–26 - Pescadores Campaign (1895)source
  • 1896The New York State Legislature passes the Raines Law, restricting Sunday alcoholic beverage sales to hotels.source
  • 1900Karl Landsteiner first reports his discovery of an accurate means for classifying a system of blood type, which will universally be referred to as the ABO blood group system and for which he will be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930.source
  • 1901General Emilio Aguinaldo is captured in Palanan, Isabela by US authorities.source
  • 1905The Theriso revolt begins in Crete as about 1,500 people led by Eleftherios Venizelos demand unification with Greece.source
  • 1905March 14 – 23 of the 26 crew of the British barque Kyber die when the ship is wrecked off England's Land's End.source
  • 1910A rebellion by Rif tribesmen in Spanish Morocco is finally suppressed after 8 months. During the conflict, an estimated 8,000 Berbers and 2,000 Spanish soldiers have been killed.source
  • 1911For the first time ever, the King consults with a socialist deputy, Leonida Bissolati, about the formation of a new government. Giovanni Giolitti is asked to form a new government. Bissolati declines a post in the new cabinet a few days later.source
  • 1911The steamer SS Yongala sinks in a cyclone off the coast of Townsville, Queensland killing 122 people.source
  • 1913Supporters of Phan Xích Long begin a revolt against colonial rule in French Indochina.source
  • 1913A fire broke out at the Taipei Post Office, and all the office buildings were burned down.source
  • 1918WWI: The giant German cannon, the 'Paris Gun' (Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz), begins to shell Paris from 114 km away.source
  • 1918In London at the Wood Green Empire, Chung Ling Soo (William E. Robinson, U.S.-born magician) dies during his trick, where he is supposed to "catch" two separate bullets (but one of them perforates his lung). He dies the following morning in a hospital.source
  • 1919Benito Mussolini founds his Italian Fascist political movement in Milan.source
  • 1920Admiral Miklós Horthy declares that Hungary is a monarchy, without anyone on the throne.source
  • 1923The governor of Oklahoma signs House Bill 197 with the Montgomery amendment outlawing the theory of evolution in public school textbooks purchased by the state, the first anti-Darwinian legislation passed in the U.S.source
  • 19251925 Egyptian parliamentary electionsource
  • 1926Éamon de Valera organises the political party Fianna Fáil in Ireland.source
  • 1931Indian revolutionary leaders Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for conspiracy to murder in the British Raj.source
  • 1933Gleichschaltung: The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler effectively the dictator of Germany.source
  • 1940Pakistan Movement: The Lahore Resolution, calling for greater autonomy for what will become Pakistan in British India, is drawn up by the All-India Muslim League during a three-day general session at Iqbal Park, Lahore.source
  • 1943The drugs Vicodin and Lortab are first produced in Germany.source
  • 1944WWII: Members of the Italian Resistance attack Nazis marching in Via Rasella, killing 33.source
  • 1950The 22nd Academy Awards ceremony is held in Hollywood. All the King's Men (1949 film) is Best Picture.source
  • 1954In Vietnam, the Viet Minh capture the main airstrip of Dien Bien Phu. The remaining French Army units there are partially isolated.source
  • 1955The Meadowridge garden city opens near Cape Town.source
  • 1956Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic, and a national holiday is observed in the country, including the state of East Pakistan.source
  • 1960Robert Sobukwe, leader of the Pan Africanist Congress, Albert Lutuli and 11 others are arrested for incitement of riots.source
  • 1962The Scandinavian States of the Nordic Council sign the Helsinki Convention on Nordic Co-operation.source
  • 1963"Dansevise" by Grethe & Jørgen Ingmann (music by Otto Francker, text by Sejr Volmer-Sørensen) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1963 (staged in London) for Denmark.source
  • 1965Gemini 3: NASA launches the United States' first 2-person crew (Gus Grissom, John Young) into Earth orbit.source
  • 1965The first issue of The Vigilant is published from Khartoum.source
  • 1966Sheikh Mujibur Rahman formally announces the Six Point Program.source
  • 1968March 19–23 – Afrocentrism, Black Power, Vietnam War: Students at Howard University in Washington, D.C., signal a new era of militant student activism on college campuses in the U.S. Students stage rallies, protests and a 5-day sit-in, laying siege to the administration building, shutting down the university in protest over its ROTC program and the Vietnam War, and demanding a more Afrocentric curriculum.source
  • 1971All-Pakistan Awami League proposes Confederation of Pakistan.source
  • 1972March 23–April 2 – A 47-member expedition conducted by Presidential Assistant for National Minorities (Panamin) which has been headed by Manuel Elizalde Jr., mostly scientists and later joined by one of the agency's directors—American Charles Lindbergh, makes a first visit to the caves inhabited by 25 "surviving" Tasadays, a group of Stone Age-style people discovered in June 1971, in an isolated mountain rainforest in South Cotabato—the "first discovery of cavemen in modern times." The expedition ends as explorers are rescued by the United States Armed Forces.source
  • 1983Strategic Defense Initiative: U.S. President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.source
  • 1984General Rahimuddin Khan becomes the first man in Pakistan's history to rule over two of its provinces, after becoming interim Governor of Sindh.source
  • 1989Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announce that they have achieved cold fusion at the University of Utah.source
  • 1989Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1989source
  • 1994Green Ramp disaster: two military aircraft collide over Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina, United States, causing 24 fatalities.source
  • 1998President Bill Clinton visits Ghanasource
  • 1998The 70th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted for the 6th time by Billy Crystal, is held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. Titanic wins 11 Oscars including Best Picture.source
  • 2000March 12–26 – Pope John Paul II visits Israel, and thus becomes the second pope to visit Israel. During his stay, the Pope visits Yad Vashem (the Israeli national Holocaust memorial) and the Western Wall placing a letter inside it in which he prayed for forgiveness for the actions against Jews in the past.source
  • 2001The deorbit of Russian space station Mir is processed, with debris falling into the South Pacific Ocean after the station enters the atmosphere and is destroyed.source
  • 2003Slovenia approves joining the European Union and NATO in a referendum.source
  • 2005Muammar al-Gaddafi states that he is not going to pardon five Bulgarian nurses that face a death penalty accused of injecting children with the HIV.source
  • 2005The Texas City refinery explosion leaves 15 people dead and 180 injured with a property loss of about $200 million.source
  • 2006members of the Special Air Service recovered British and Canadian hostages ending the Christian Peacemaker hostage crisis.source
  • 2006More than 100 people die after their boat capsizes in Cameroon.source
  • 2007Naval forces of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps arrest Royal Navy personnel in disputed Iran-Iraq waters; they were released on April 4.source
  • 2009A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 operated by FedEx suffers a bounced landing at Narita international airport resulting in the loss of 2 lives.source
  • 2010Portuguese Prime Minister Jose Socrates arrived in Algiers on March 22 for a working visit. He pointed to Algeria's water and renewable energy sectors as attractive investment opportunities.source
  • 2014The United Nations Children's Fund reports that an outbreak of the deadly Ebola virus that has so far claimed the lives of 59 victims has spread from southern Guinea to the capital Conakry.source
  • 2018An Islamic terrorist attack in Carcassonne and Trèbes, France, kills five people, including the perpetrator.source
  • 2019The final territory of the Islamic State, located in Al-Baghuz Fawqani, Syria, is liberated.source
  • 2021Ever Given, one of the largest container ships in the world, runs aground and obstructs the Suez Canal, disrupting global trade. The ship is freed on March 29.source
  • 2021The Israeli general elections take place, the fourth Knesset election in two years.source
  • 20232019 Samoa assassination plot: Two men are found guilty of conspiring to kill the former Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi after a trial before the country's Supreme Court.source
  • 2023World Athletics, the global governing body for athletics, bans trans women who have gone through male puberty from competing in female events.source

Births

  • 1285Al-Mustakfi I, Mamluk ruler (caliph) of Egypt (died 1340)source
  • 1338Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan, Northern Court emperor during a conflict between two imperial lines (died 1374)source
  • 1430Margaret of Anjou, queen of Henry VI of England (died 1482)source
  • 1430Margaret of Anjou, future Queen of England (died 1482)source
  • 1438Ludovico II of Saluzzo, Italian noble (died 1504)source
  • 1514Lorenzino de' Medici, Italian writer and assassin (died 1548)source
  • 1565Eilhard Lubinus, German theologian (died 1621)source
  • 1595Bevil Grenville, English royalist soldier (died 1643)source
  • 1599Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (died 1663)source
  • 1623Deane Winthrop, English-born colonist of British America, 6th son of Governor John Winthrop (died 1704)source
  • 1658Jean-Baptiste Santerre, French painter (died 1717)source
  • 1683Anna Krefting, businesswoman (died 1766).source
  • 1699John Bartram, American botanist (died 1777)source
  • 1722born Marguerite-Thérèse Lemoine Despins (1722–1792) the second Mother Superior of the Grey Nuns. (died 1792)source
  • 1732Adélaïde of France, Princess of France and Duchess of Louvois (died 1800)source
  • 1737Arthur St. Clair, American soldier and politician (died 1818)source
  • 1749Ulla von Höpken, Swedish courtier, influential socialite (died 1810)source
  • 1749Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician, astronomer (died 1827)source
  • 1766Ole Paus, ship's captain, shipowner and land owner (died 1855)source
  • 1784Tom Molineaux, African-American boxer (died 1818)source
  • 1853Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar was born in Tehransource
  • 1860Horatio Bottomley, British politician and businessman (died 1933)source
  • 1867José Norton de Matos, military officer and politician (died 1955)source
  • 1882Emmy Noether, German mathematician (died 1935)source
  • 1903Germán Busch, 36th president of Bolivia (died 1939)source
  • 1910Akira Kurosawa, Japanese screenwriter, producer and director (died 1998)source
  • 1912Wernher von Braun, German-born American physicist, engineer (died 1977)source
  • 2005Thái Bá Đạt, footballersource

Deaths

  • 59Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero (born AD 15)source
  • 255Sima Shi, Chinese general and regent (born 208)source
  • 280Lu Jing, Chinese general and writer, killed in action (born 250)source
  • 1022Zhen Zong, emperor of the Song Dynasty (born 968)source
  • 1127Ottone Frangipane, Italian Benedictine monk and saint (born 1040)source
  • 1145Tashfin ibn Ali, Almoravid emirsource
  • 1169Shirkuh dies from over-eating after a 2-month reign. He is succeeded by Saladin, who is appointed chief vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate. He takes over as commander of Nur al-Din's forces in Egypt.source
  • 1169Shirkuh, Zangid general and chief viziersource
  • 1190Saigyō Hōshi, Japanese monk, poet and writer (born 1118)source
  • 1283Joseph I of Constantinople (Galesiotes), Byzantine abbot and patriarchsource
  • 1304John I of Arborea, nicknamed "Chiano" and the ruler of western Sardinia as Judge of Arborea dies. He is succeeded by his sons Marianus III and Andrewsource
  • 1361Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, English soldier and diplomatsource
  • 1369King Peter of Castile (born 1334) (murdered after the battle of Montiel)source
  • 1393Bohemian priest John of Nepomuk is killed in Prague by being thrown off Charles Bridge into the Vltava river, allegedly at the behest of king Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Nepomuk later will be declared a saint.source
  • 1393John of Nepomuk, saintsource
  • 1483Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine (born 1428)source
  • 1512Donyo Dorje, ruler of the Kingdom of Ü-Tsang and most of Tibet, dies after a reign of more than 30 years and is succeeded by his brother, Ngawang Namgyal.source
  • 1548Itagaki Nobukata, Japanese retainersource
  • 1555Pope Julius III (born 1487)source
  • 1559Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia, defending his lands against the invasion of Nur ibn Mujahid, Sultan of Harar, is killed in battle. His brother, Menas, succeeds him as king.source
  • 1577Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (born 1529)source
  • 1589Marcin Kromer, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (born 1512)source
  • 1593Henry Barrowe, English Puritan and separatist (born 1550)source
  • 1606Turibius of Mogrovejo, Spanish missionary Archbishop of Lima (born 1538)source
  • 1618James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, Scottish politician (born c. 1575)source
  • 1629Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland, English politician (born c. 1580)source
  • 1634Elizabeth Finch, 1st Countess of Winchilsea, English countess (born 1556)source
  • 1674Henry Cromwell, 4th son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier (born 1628)source
  • 1680Nicolas Fouquet, French statesman (born 1615)source
  • 1743Lancelot Blackburne, Archbishop of York (born 1658)source
  • 1748Johann Gottfried Walther, German music theorist, organist and composer (born 1684)source
  • 1801Tsar Paul I of Russia (born 1754)source
  • 1819In Mannheim, Duchy of Baden, German dramatist August von Kotzebue is assassinated by Karl Ludwig Sand.source
  • 1819In Mannheim, Duchy of Baden, German dramatist August von Kotzebue is assassinated by Karl Ludwig Sand.source
  • 1842Stendhal, French novelist (born 1783)source
  • 1862Manuel Robles Pezuelasource
  • 1908American diplomat Durham Stevens, an employee of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is assassinated in San Francisco by two Korean immigrants, unhappy with his recent support for the increasing Japanese presence in Korea.source
  • 1929Maurice Sarrail, French general (born 1856)source
  • 1931Bhagat Singh, Indian revolutionary (born 1907)source
  • 1942Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, politician (born 1868)source
  • 1955Artur Bernardes, 12th President of Brazil (born 1875)source
  • 1981Mike Hailwood, 40, British racing driver and motorcycle road racer, he initially left Formula One after being injured badly at the 1974 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, he retired to New Zealand, where he was involved with a marine engineering business, death due to fatal injuries from a car accident, when his executive car collided with a lorry which made an illegal turn through the barriers. Hailwood died two days following the accident.source
  • 1992Friedrich Hayek, 92, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize recipient (1974).source
  • 1994Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated at a campaign rally in Tijuana.source
  • 2011Dame Elizabeth Taylor, 79, British-American actress (Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Giant, Cleopatra), Oscar winner (1961, 1967), heart failure.source
  • 2015Lee Kuan Yew, 91, Singaporean politician, Prime Minister (1959–1990), pneumonia.source