/year

January 11 in history

220 sourced entries recorded on January 11, from 347 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 532Nika riots in Constantinople: Anger among the supporters of the most important chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—escalates into violence towards the emperor. For the next five days the capital is in chaos. The fires that start during the tumult result in the destruction of much of the city. The insurrection is put down a week later by Belisarius and Mundus; 30,000 people are killed in the Hippodrome.source
  • 930Sack of Mecca: The Qarmatians, led by Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, sack Mecca, desecrating the Zamzam Well and carrying off the Black Stone to their homeland in Eastern Arabia.source
  • 947Emperor Tai Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty invades the Later Jin (Five Dynasties), resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin. Khitan forces head southwards to the Yellow River, but must return to their base in present-day Beijing in May after Tai Zong dies of an illness.source
  • 1158Vladislav II becomes king of Bohemia. He is crowned by Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, with a diadem (called by the chroniclers a diadema or circulus). Vladislaus is also invested with Upper Lusatia, and accompanies Frederick to Milan to suppress the rebellion in Lombardy (northern Italy).source
  • 1226At Đông Kinh (now Hanoi), Trần Thái Tông begins a 32-year reign as the Vietnamese Emperor of Dai Viet, beginning the Trần dynasty.source
  • 1227The city of Požga in Croatia is first mentioned, in a charter of King Andrew II of Hungary.source
  • 1304Messengers from King Edward of England arrive at Kinclaven Castle in Scotland to discuss peace with Scottish noble John Comyn.source
  • 1385After learning that several of his cardinals had been debating whether to depose him on grounds that he is insane, Pope Urban VI orders the arrest of all of the cardinals within his reach. Giovanni da Amelia, Gentile di Sangro, Adam Eston, Ludovico Donato, Bartolomeo da Cogorno, and Marino del Giudice are all arrested and imprisoned and tortured at the castle of Nocera. Except for Eston, the cardinals arrested are put to death in Genoa by the end of 1386.source
  • 1394The King of Naples, Ladislao of Anjou-Durazzo, grants Neapolitan-controlled Greece to Nerio Acciaioli as the Duchy of Athens.source
  • 1435Sweden's first Riksdag of the Estates is summoned under rebel leader Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, who is elected rikshövitsman (military commander of the realm), in the absence of a king, on January 13.source
  • 1436Erik of Pomerania is deposed from the Swedish throne for the second time, only three months after having been reinstated. Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson remains the leader of the land, in his capacity of rikshövitsman, the military commander of the realm.source
  • 1546(Tenbun 15, 20th day of the 12th month): Ashikaga Yoshifushi becomes 13th Shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate.source
  • 1549An uprising of the Diaguitas natives outside of the South American Spanish colonial city of La Serena (now in Coquimbo province of Chile) begins. Within a day, the South American village is burned down and nearly every Spanish resident is killed.source
  • 1551January 11 (5th waxing of Tabodwe 912 ME) – King Bayinnaung of Burma is successful in capturing his ancestral city of Toungoo from his rebellious half-brother Minkhaung II, and sets about to make Toungoo the capital for the first time since 1539. Minkhaung is forgiven by King Bayinnaung rather than being executed, and assists in the King's campaign to capture the neighboring Kingdom of Prome.source
  • 1563January 11 (January 2, 1563 O.S., January 11, 1563 N.S.) – The convocation of bishops and clerics of the Church of England is opened at St Paul's Cathedral in London by the Dean of the Arches, Robert Weston to agree upon the wording of what will become the Thirty-nine Articles, with the assembly adopting all but three of the Forty-two Articles promulgated during the reign of King Edward VI in 1553. The conference lasts for three months before agreeing upon the Articles to be submitted for further modification.source
  • 1569The first recorded lottery in England begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of St Paul's Cathedral in London until May 6, when the winner is drawn. Each share costs ten shillings, and proceeds are used to repair harbours, and for other public works.source
  • 1571The Austrian nobility are granted freedom of religion.source
  • 1577Palesmen sends delegates to England to complain of the burden of the cess.source
  • 1584Sir Walter Mildmay is given a royal licence to found Emmanuel College, Cambridge in England.source
  • 1589Richard Meredith nominated Church of Ireland Bishop of Leighlin (consecrated in April).source
  • 1601Valladolid is briefly the capital of Habsburg Spain under Philip III, before returning indefinitely to Madrid in 1606.source
  • 1608John Smith is released by Powhatan after 15 days of captivity, and arrives back at Jamestown the next day. Upon his return, instead of being welcomed, he is charged with negligence for the deaths of the two men with him at the time of his capture, Jehu Robinson and Thomas Emery, but later exonerated.source
  • 1613Workers in a sandpit in the Dauphiné region of France discover the skeleton of what is alleged to be a 30-foot tall man (the remains, it is supposed, of the giant Teutobochus, a legendary Gallic king who fought the Romans).source
  • 1630Otto III and his brother William Augustus, both, Dukes of Brunswick-Harburg, sell their rights to inherit rule of Brunswick-Lüneburg to Prince Christian in return for their debts of more than 150,000 thaler being paid.source
  • 1631The Master of the Revels refuses to license Philip Massinger's new play, Believe as You List, because of its seditious content; it is first performed in a revised version on 7 May.source
  • 1654Arauco War – Battle of Río Bueno in southern Chile: Indigenous Huilliche warriors rout Spanish troops from Fort Nacimiento, who are attempting to cross the Bueno River.source
  • 1660Colonel Monck and Colonel Fairfax rendezvous at York and then prepare to proceed southward toward London. gathering deserters from Lambert's army along the way.source
  • 1667Aurangzeb, monarch of the Mughal Empire, orders the removal of Rao Karan Singh as Maharaja of the Bikaner State (part of the modern-day Rajasthan state of India) because of Karan's dereliction of duty in battle.source
  • 1669Peter Talbot is appointed Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin and Primate of Ireland (consecrated at Antwerp 29 April (9 May New Style)).source
  • 1672The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, national science academy for England, elects Isaac Newton to its membership, and then demonstrates Newton's reflecting telescope to King Charles II.source
  • 1672Isaac Newton is elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London and it then demonstrates his reflecting telescope to the King.source
  • 1688The Patta Fort and the Avandha Fort, located in what is now India's Maharashtra state near Ahmednagar, are captured from the Maratha clan by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan. The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years.source
  • 1693The Mount Etna volcano erupts in Italy, causing a devastating earthquake that kills 60,000 people in Sicily and Malta.source
  • 1697French writer Charles Perrault releases the book Histoires ou contes du temps passé (literally "Tales of Past Times", known in England as "Mother Goose tales") in Paris, a collection of popular fairy tales, including Cinderella, Puss in Boots, Red Riding Hood, The Sleeping Beauty and Bluebeard.source
  • 169811 January–21 April – Czar Peter I of Russia visits England as part of his Grand Embassy, making a particular study of shipbuilding.source
  • 1721Printer Isaac Carter marries Ann Lewis at Cenarth.source
  • 1726Thomas Lloyd of Halton becomes High Sheriff of Flintshire.source
  • 1759In Philadelphia, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.source
  • 1779British troops surrender to the Marathas in Wadgaon, India, and are forced to return all territories acquired since 1773.source
  • 1785Richard Henry Lee is elected as President of the U.S. Congress of the Confederation.source
  • 1785The Confederation Congress reconvenes in New York City having previously convened in Trenton, New Jersey.source
  • 1787new Assembly Rooms opened in George Street, Edinburgh.source
  • 1787William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus.source
  • 1787William Herschel discovers the Uranian moons Titania and Oberon.source
  • 1790The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took part in the Brabant Revolution at the end of 1789, sign a Treaty of Union, creating the United States of Belgium.source
  • 1805The Michigan Territory is created.source
  • 1810Prince Frederik of Hesse is appointed Steward of Norway.source
  • 1814War of the Sixth Coalition – Battle of Hoogstraten: Prussian forces under Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow defeat the French.source
  • 1817Hannah King Hansen (later Letheridge, then Clapham) is born at Oihi, Rangihoua Bay. She is the second female European child born in New Zealand. Her gravestone at Christ Church in Russell claims she was the first female child, and she is certainly the first female child to attain her majority and whose subsequent history is known. (see 1815)source
  • 1830LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) begins operation, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama.source
  • 1838January 6–11 – Samuel Morse first publicly demonstrates electric telegraphy, at Morristown, New Jersey, assisted by Alfred Vail and using dots and dashes, the forerunner of Morse code.source
  • 1838At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration of Morse's new invention, the telegraph.source
  • 1842January 6–13 – First Anglo-Afghan War – Massacre of Elphinstone's army (Battle of Gandamak): British East India Company troops are destroyed by Afghan forces on the road from Kabul to Jalalabad, Afghanistan, by Akbar Khan, son of Dost Mohammad Khan.source
  • 1851Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion in China, one of the bloodiest revolts that would lead to 20 million deaths.source
  • 1851The Otago Witness begins publication. It publishes fortnightly until August, and then weekly until its demise in 1932.source
  • 1851The Lyttelton Times begins publication. It will change its name to the Christchurch Times in 1929, and continue until 1935.source
  • 1863January 10–12 – 1st Battle of Acapulcosource
  • 1863In the Swiss canton of Ticino, the roof of the church of Sant'Antonio in Locarno collapses under the weight of snow, killing 47.source
  • 1867Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again.source
  • 1869Marriage of Emperor Meiji to Ichijo Haruko, thenceforth the Empress Shōken.source
  • 1879The Anglo-Zulu War begins.source
  • 1879Britain declares war against the Zulus and launches the Anglo-Zulu War after an ultimatum issued on 11 December 1878 is rejected.source
  • 1883January 8 — January 19 – Trial of the 66 in Lyon, targeting the Black International in France.source
  • 1884Clara Oriol de la Huerta, First Lady of Mexico (1920) (died 1967)source
  • 1887Louis Pasteur's anti-rabies treatment is defended in the Académie Nationale de Médecine, by Dr. Joseph Grancher.source
  • 1887Louis Pasteur's anti-rabies treatment is defended in the French Academy of Medicine by Dr. Joseph Grancher.source
  • 18901890 British Ultimatum: The United Kingdom demands Portugal withdraw its forces from the land between the Portuguese colonies of Mozambique and Angola (most of present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia).source
  • 18913,000 Lakotas approach Pine Ridge with a view to surrender.source
  • 1891In Mahoning Valley, Ohio, sixteen blast furnaces shut down, putting 10,000 men out of work.source
  • 1905Under the supervision of five editors, work begins on the comprehensive Catholic Encyclopedia, subtitled "An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church." The first volume will appear in 1907.source
  • 1909The International Joint Commission on US-Canada boundary waters is established.source
  • 1910Charcot Island is discovered by the Antarctic expedition led by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charcot on the ship Pourquoi Pas?source
  • 1911Fort Vermilion records the coldest temperature in North America at -78.2 °F, holding the record until 1947.source
  • 1912March 12 – 1912 Lawrence textile strike ("Bread and Roses" strike): Immigrant textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, strike in response to a pay cut corresponding to a new law shortening the working week.source
  • 1913The South African Springboks beat the French Les Tricolores 38–5 in Bordeaux, France.source
  • 1914The Karluk, flagship of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, sinks after being crushed by ice.source
  • 1914The Sakurajima volcano in Japan begins to erupt, becoming effusive after a large earthquake on January 13. The lava flow causes the island which it forms to be linked to the Ōsumi Peninsula.source
  • 1919January 7–14 - Tragic Week (Argentina)source
  • 1922The first successful insulin treatment of diabetes is made, by Frederick Banting in Toronto.source
  • 1922The world's first insulin treatment is made at the Toronto General Hospital. The successful technique would later win a Nobel Prize for its creators, Frederick Banting and Charles Best.source
  • 1923Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, to force Germany to make reparation payments.source
  • 1923French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr in the Occupation of the Ruhr because of Germany’s refusal to pay war reparations, causing strikes and a severe economic crisis.source
  • 1927Louis B. Mayer, head of film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), announces the creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, at a banquet in Los Angeles, California.source
  • 1931The government dissolves the far-right Iron Guard.source
  • 1933Casas Viejas incidentsource
  • 1933Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand.source
  • 1938Leading Korean dancer Choi Seung-hee arrives in San Francisco to begin her international tour in the United States. She is the first Korean Wave entertainer.source
  • 1941WWII: The British Royal Navy light cruiser HMS Southampton is bombed, catches fire and has to be sunk off Malta, with the loss of 81 crew.source
  • 1942Dutch East Indies campaign: Japan declares war on the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. Japanese forces invade Borneo and Celebes.source
  • 1943The United States and United Kingdom revise previously unequal treaty relationships with the Republic of China.source
  • 1944United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security, in his State of the Union address.source
  • 1946Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania, with himself as prime minister. He will remain effectively as a dictator of the country until his death in 1985.source
  • 1946The People's Republic of Albania was proclaimed at noon (1100 GMT), with Communist leader Enver Hoxha as the nation's Prime Minister. Two months later, a new constitution proclaimed Hoxha's Albanian Workers Party to be the sole force, and Marxism–Leninism as the ideology, of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania.source
  • 1946For the first time since the creation of the People's Court, a person accused of treason, Felix Española, a 66-year-old Makapili from Bulacan, voluntarily pleaded guilty.source
  • 1947The Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947 conclude with the Surrender at Datta Khel.source
  • 1949The first "networked" television broadcasts take place, as KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, goes on the air, connecting east coast and mid-west programming in the United States.source
  • 1949Los Angeles, California, receives its first recorded snowfall.source
  • 1951In the U.S., a top secret report is delivered to U.S. President Truman by his National Security Resources Board, urging Truman to expand the Korean War by launching "a global offensive against communism" with sustained bombing of Red China and diplomatic moves to establish "moral justification" for a U.S. nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. The report will not be declassified until 1978.source
  • 1953The Aleksandër Moisiu Theatre, named after the Austrian stage actor of the same name, opens in Durrëssource
  • 1957The African Convention is founded in Dakar.source
  • 1959The Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques is founded in Monaco.source
  • 1960The founding of Chi Mei Corporation.source
  • 1961The Pisces, a yacht carrying Moroccan Jews to Israel, capsized off the coast of Algeciras, Spain, drowning the 40 passengers and all but 3 of the crew. The ship's captain survived.source
  • 1963The opening of Taipei Prison in Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City).source
  • 1964United States Surgeon General Luther Terry reports that smoking may be hazardous to one's health (the first such statement from the U.S. government).source
  • 1970Sinn Féin splits into Provisional and Official wings over a disagreement on abstentionism.source
  • 1973Inflation reaches 180%source
  • 1974David, Elizabeth, Emma, Grant, Jason and Nicolette Rosenkowitz are born in Cape Town, the first sextuplets in the world where all six babies survive.source
  • 1977The first episode of Finnish children's TV show Pikku Kakkonen ("Little Number Two") is aired on Yle TV2.source
  • 1979The Singapore Refining Company is formed by three oil companies, namely Singapore Petroleum Company, Chevron and BP.source
  • 1979The establishments of Export-Import Bank of the Republic of China.source
  • 1981Iran dropped a demand that the United States deposit 24 billion dollars in gold into an Algerian bank as a condition of the release of 52 U.S. Embassy workers being held hostage in Tehran, settling instead for the release of the nearly 8 billion dollars of Iranian assets that had been frozen in American banks.source
  • 1986The Gateway Bridge in Brisbane, Australia, at this time the world's longest prestressed concrete free-cantilever bridge, is opened.source
  • 19872,500 bus passengers temporarily stranded in Kızıldağ Pass due to heavy snowfall.source
  • 1988Turkey signs Council of Europe’s convention on “Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.”source
  • 1989The Lexus and Infiniti luxury car brands are launched at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit with the unveiling of the 1990 Lexus LS and Infiniti Q45 sedans.source
  • 1991The National Science and Technology Board is formed to enhance R&D activities in Singapore.source
  • 1993January 6–20 – The Bombay riots take place in Mumbai.source
  • 1993WWE introduce their television program, Monday Night Raw.source
  • 199315 tonnes of narcotics were seized by the police in a Panama ensign shipsource
  • 1993Three buses collide in a fiery crash in Corrientes, resulting in the deaths of at least 55 people and injuring 70 others.source
  • 1993January 8–17 – The Braer Storm of January 1993, the most intense extratropical cyclone on record for the northern Atlantic Ocean, occurs.source
  • 1994The Irish government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the Provisional Irish Republican Army and its political arm Sinn Féin.source
  • 1995January 10–15 – The World Youth Day 1995 festival is held in Manila, Philippines, culminating in 5 million people gathering for John Paul II's concluding mass in Quirino Grandstand.source
  • 1997Turkey threatens Cyprus on account of a deal to buy Russian S-300 missiles, prompting the Cypriot Missile Crisis.source
  • 2007Following the discovery of the right tail horizontal stabilizer, a life vest and some parts of airline seats had also been found in Pare pare.source
  • 2010Islamists ransacked and burned a Protestant church in Tizi Ouzou. El Watan reported that parishioners fled the temple after local police failed to protect the Pentecostal temple.source
  • 2011The Arctic Sun rises over Ilulissat, two days earlier than expected. A possible explanation is alterations in atmospheric refraction or inversion from ice crystals that may or may not be the result of global warming.source
  • 2013The French military begins a 5-month intervention into the Northern Mali conflict, targeting the militant Islamist Ansar Dine group.source
  • 2013France commits troops to aid government forces in the Northern Mali conflict.source
  • 2013A fire sweeps through a complex containing housing for foreign workers in Manama leaving 13 foreign nationals dead.source
  • 2020Presidential and legislative elections are held in Taiwan. Incumbent president Tsai Ing-wen is reelected, and the Democratic Progressive Party wins a majority of 67 out of 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan.source
  • 2022Patriarch Porfirije, the head of the Serbian Orthodox Church, tests positive for COVID-19.source
  • 2023January 10–17 – A cold snap in Afghanistan kills 166 people and nearly 80,000 livestock.source
  • 2024Researchers discover the Upano Valley sites, a network of ancient cities that is the oldest known settlement in the Amazon.source
  • 2024Latvia announces it will ban the sale and use of tobacco and nicotine products for those under 20 years of age, effective from 1 January 2025.source
  • 2024A chartered Air Côte d'Ivoire flight from The Gambia to the Ivory Coast, transporting the Gambia national football team to the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations, makes an emergency landing in Banjul due to a loss of cabin pressure lasting for more than nine minutes. All passengers suffer some degree of carbon monoxide poisoning including loss of consciousness.source
  • 2025A gas station explosion in Al Bayda, Yemen, results in 40 deaths and dozens of others injured.source

Births

  • 347Theodosius I, Roman Emperor (died 395)source
  • 889Abd al-Rahman III, Muslim caliph (or 891)source
  • 1113Wang Chongyang, Chinese Daoist (died 1170)source
  • 1209Möngke Khan, Mongol emperor (khagan) (died 1259)source
  • 1322Emperor Kōmyō of Japan, with the birth name "Prince Yutahito". (died 1380)source
  • 1359Emperor Go-En'yū of Japan (died 1393)source
  • 1395Michele of Valois, French princess and Duchess Consort of Burgundy (died 1422)source
  • 1503Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), Italian artist (died 1540)source
  • 1572Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton, English countess (died 1655)source
  • 1589William Strode, English politician (died 1666)source
  • 1591Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (died 1646)source
  • 1632Adam Frans van der Meulen, Flemish Baroque painter specialising in battle scenes (died 1690)source
  • 1632Adam Frans van der Meulen, painter (died 1690)source
  • 1655Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk, England (died 1701)source
  • 1671François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French military leader (died 1745)source
  • 1699Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix, Royal Prussian Lieutenant General (died 1765)source
  • 1723Prithvi Narayan Shah, First Monarch of Nepal (died 1775)source
  • 1757Alexander Hamilton, first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (most cited date of birth) (died 1804)source
  • 1760Zofia Potocka, Greek slave courtesan, agent for Russia and Polish noble (died 1822)source
  • 1800Ányos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, inventor of the dynamo (died 1895)source
  • 1801Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, Brazilian politician (died 1856)source
  • 1815John A. Macdonald, 1st Prime Minister of Canada, Father of Confederation (died 1891)source
  • 1828Miguel Luis Amunátegui (died 1888)source
  • 1842William James, American psychologist, philosopher (died 1910)source
  • 1851Soeria Atmadja, Sundanese noble and politician, Regent of Sumedang (1881 - 1919) (died 1921)source
  • 1859George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, British statesman, Viceroy of India (died 1925)source
  • 1870Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (died 1945)source
  • 1872Georg Karo, German archaeologist (died 1963)source
  • 1893Motoo Ōtaguro, music critic (died 1979)source
  • 1934Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canadasource
  • 1973Rahul Dravid, Indian cricket player and coach.source
  • 1975Matteo Renzi, 56th Prime Minister of Italysource

Deaths

  • 705Pope John VI dies at Rome, after a reign of little more than 3 years. During his rule, he protected the Byzantine exarch Theophylactus, when he invaded the Italian mainland from Sicily. He also induced Gisulf I, Lombard duke of Benevento, to withdraw from Byzantine territory, ransomed captives and ordered the restoration of Wilfrid, as deposed bishop of York. He is succeeded by John VII as the 86th pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 782Kōnin, emperor of Japan (born 709)source
  • 802Paulinus II, patriarch of Aquileia (or 804)source
  • 812Staurakios, Byzantine emperorsource
  • 812Ex-emperor Staurakios, a son of Nikephoros I, dies of putrefaction in his wounds (see 811) in a monastery. He has reigned only two months and eight days, before being exiled by senior officials in Constantinople.source
  • 844Michael I, former Byzantine emperorsource
  • 887Boso of Provence, Frankish noblemansource
  • 937Cao, empress of Later Tangsource
  • 937Liu, empress of Later Tangsource
  • 937Li Congke, emperor of Later Tang (born 885)source
  • 1055Constantine IX, Byzantine emperorsource
  • 1055Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos dies after a 12½-year reign at Constantinople. He is succeeded by Theodora (a sister of the former Empress Zoë), who is proclaimed by the imperial guard (with strong opposition from the council) as empress of the Byzantine Empire.source
  • 1068Egbert I, margrave of Meissensource
  • 1083Otto of Nordheim, duke of Bavariasource
  • 1096Adelaide II, German princess and abbess (born 1045)source
  • 1266Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania ("the Great"), Polish noblemansource
  • 1295Bayan of the Baarin, Mongol general (born 1236)source
  • 1344Thomas Charlton, Bishop of Hereford, Lord High Treasurer of England, Lord Privy Seal, and Lord Chancellor of Irelandsource
  • 1370January 6 – 11 (Tubah 1086 AM) Pope Gabriel IV is consecrated as the new leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church for the Coptic Christians of Egypt, and assumes the title of Bishop of Alexandria, succeeding the late Pope Yoannis X, who had died eight months earlier.source
  • 1372Eleanor of Lancaster, English noblewoman (born 1318)source
  • 1396Isidore Glabas, Metropolitan bishop of Thessalonica (born 1341/2)source
  • 1397Skirgaila, Grand Duke of Lithuaniasource
  • 1494Domenico Ghirlandaio, Italian artist (born 1449)source
  • 1495Pedro González de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal and statesman (born 1428)source
  • 1554Min Bin, king of Arakan (born 1493)source
  • 1581Chandrasen Rathore, ruler of the Kingdom of Marwar (now part of the state of Rajasthan in India) dies at the age of 39, leaving a power vacuum that allows the Mughal Empire to take control of the kingdom.source
  • 1584Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Spanish constiquador (born 1496)source
  • 1593Scipione Gonzaga, Italian Catholic cardinal (born 1542)source
  • 1601Scipione Ammirato, Italian historian (born 1531)source
  • 1744James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn (born 1686)source
  • 1753Sir Hans Sloane, Irish-born physician and collector (born 1660)source
  • 1762Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor (born 1695)source
  • 1771Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (born 1704)source
  • 1775Prithvi Narayan Shah, last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (born 1723)source
  • 1791William Williams Pantycelyn, Welsh hymnist (born 1717)source
  • 1801Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer (born 1749)source
  • 1817Timothy Dwight IV, American educator, theologian (born 1752)source
  • 1829Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel, German poet and critic (born 1772)source
  • 1843Francis Scott Key, American songwriter of The Star-Spangled Banner (born 1779)source
  • 1845Etheldred Benett, British geologist (born 1776)source
  • 1882Theodor Schwann, German physiologist (born 1810)source
  • 1891Georges-Eugène Haussmann, French city planner (born 1809)source
  • 1893Benjamin Butler, American lawyer, politician, and general (born 1818)source
  • 1923Constantine I, abdicated king of Greece (born 1868)source
  • 1928Thomas Hardy, British writer (born 1840)source
  • 1941Emanuel Lasker, German chess champion (born 1868)source
  • 1952Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French general, posthumous Marshal of France (born 1889)source
  • 2013Aaron Swartz, 26, American programmer and internet activist, co-creator of Reddit, suicide by hanging.source
  • 2014Ariel Sharon, 85, Israeli politician and general, Minister of Defense (1981–1983), Prime Minister (2001–2006), heart failure.source
  • 2021Mario Masuku, politician (born 1951).source