1390 CE
At Heidelberg (now in Germany) Ruprecht II of the House of Wittelsbach becomes the new Elector of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire upon the death of his uncle, Rupert I. Lithuanian Civil War: The Treaty of Königsberg is signed in Königsberg, between Samogitian nobles and representatives of the Teutonic Knights. King Juan, ruler of the Crown of Castile and the Kingdom of León, is fatally injured when he is thrown from his horse while he is participating in an exhibition of horsemanship before a crowd at Alcalá de Henares. The Archbishop of Toledo, Pedro Tenorio, conceals the news of King Juan's death from the public until a regency council can be created for the King's 11-year-old son, Prince Enrique of Trastámara, who is proclaimed as King Enrique III.
In the 1390s, the 14th century.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
- January 19 – The Treaty of Lyck confirms an alliance between Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights, in the Lithuanian Civil War against Vytautas's cousin, Jogaila.source
- January 23 – Ko Cheng succeeds Che Bong Nga, as King of Champa (now eastern Vietnam).source
- May 26 – Lithuanian Civil War: The Treaty of Königsberg is signed in Königsberg, between Samogitian nobles and representatives of the Teutonic Knights.source
- September 12 – King Richard II of England summons the English parliament, directing that the members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons assemble at Westminster on November 3.source
- September 17 – John VII Palaiologos seeks refuge with the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I, after John V Palaiologos is restored by his son, Manuel, and the Republic of Venice.source
- November 2 – The Treaty of Pyzdry is signed between King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland and Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania with the Duke pledging his support to the King in the Polish-Teutonic War.source
- November 12 – King Richard II opens at Westminster, and the House of Commons elects Sir James Pickering as its Speaker of the House.source
- December 1 – A treaty is signed between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of France at Edinburgh and witnessed by Walter Forrester.source
- December 3 – King Richard II of England gives royal assent to numerous laws passed as the English Parliament adjourns after a three-week session, having passed numerous laws, including the Pardon of Offences Act (requiring the specification of the offense for which the person is being pardoned by the King) and the Enforcement of the Statute of Provisors Act providing forfeiture of the office for certain violations.source
- N'Diklam Sare succeeds Sare N'Dyaye, as ruler of the Jolof Empire (now part of Senegal).source
- Barquq is restored as Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, after overthrowing Sultan Hadji II.source
- Sikandar But-shikan succeeds Sikandar Shah, as Sultan of Kashmir.source
- Mahmud succeeds Sandaki as Mansa of the Mali Empire, restoring the Keita dynasty.source
- The town of Ballinrobe in County Mayo is founded.Irelandsource
Conflict & Security
- March 20 – Manuel III succeeds his father, Alexios III, as Emperor of Trebizond (now north eastern Turkey).source
- July 1 – The Barbary Crusade begins as the Kingdom of France and the Republic of Genoa attempt to stop the raids of the Barbary pirates by invading the North African region of Ifriqiya and laying siege to Mahdia in what is now Tunisia. Louis II, Duke of Bourbon and Giacomo Fregoso of Genoa bring 6,000 knights and soldiers on 60 ships against 40,000 Muslim defenders led by the Caliph Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II of the Hafsid Sultanate and the Sultan Abu Tashufin II of Tlemcen.source
- August 31 – Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III overthrows his brother, Abu Bakr Shah, as Sultan of Delhi.source
- September 11 – Lithuanian Civil War: The coalition of Vytautas and the Teutonic Knights begins a 5-week siege of Vilnius. The Duke of Hereford (the future King Henry IV of England) is among the western European knights serving with the coalition.source
- October 1 – The Christian crusaders of France and Genoa lift the siege of Mahdiya after Genoa negotiates a ceasefire and a 10-year armistice. The crusaders return to Genoa after having sustained 274 deaths from combat and from disease.source
- Fall of Philadelphia– The Ottomans take Philadelphia, the last Byzantine enclave of any significance in Anatolia.source
Religion & Belief
- February 16 – At Heidelberg (now in Germany) Ruprecht II of the House of Wittelsbach becomes the new Elector of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire upon the death of his uncle, Rupert I.source
- April 14 – John VII Palaiologos overthrows his grandfather, John V Palaiologos, as Byzantine Emperor.source
- August 6 – Louis II of Anjou arrives in Naples to rule the Kingdom of Naples (as Luigi II d'Angio) after being appointed by the Antipope John XXIII in France, but King Ladislaus continues to be recognized by supporters of Pope Boniface IX.source
- October 9 – King Juan, ruler of the Crown of Castile and the Kingdom of León, is fatally injured when he is thrown from his horse while he is participating in an exhibition of horsemanship before a crowd at Alcalá de Henares. The Archbishop of Toledo, Pedro Tenorio, conceals the news of King Juan's death from the public until a regency council can be created for the King's 11-year-old son, Prince Enrique of Trastámara, who is proclaimed as King Enrique III.source
- December 1 – Angelo Corraro is named as the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, the Roman Catholic envoy to Byzantium and the Eastern Orthodox Church, by Pope Boniface IX. Corraro is chosen in 1406 as Pope Gregory XII.source
- The Kingdom of Kaffa is established in present day Ethiopia (approximate date).source
- The Candi Surawana Temple is built in the Majapahit Kingdom (now Indonesia).source
Technology & Infrastructure
Culture & Society
Births
- October 3 – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447)source
- December 27 – Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (died 1411)source
- Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (died 1436)source
- Jan van Eyck, Flemish painter (died 1441)source
- John Dunstaple, English composer (died 1453)source
- Moctezuma I, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, son of Huitzilihuitl (died 1469)source
- Contessina de' Bardi, politically active Florentine woman (died 1473)source
Deaths
- January 26 – Adolph IX, Count of Holstein-Kiel (b.c 1327)source
- February 16 – Rupert I, Elector Palatine (born 1309)source
- March 20 – Alexios III Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond (born 1338)source
- April 19 – King Robert II of Scotland (born 1316)source
- July 8 – Albert of Saxony, Bishop of Halberstadt and German philosopher (born c. 1320)source
- August 14 – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (born 1364)source
- September 23 – John I, Duke of Lorraine (born 1346)source
- September – Towtiwil, Prince of Black Rutheniasource
- October 9 – King John I of Castile (fall from a horse) (born 1358)source
- probable – Altichiero, Italian painter (born 1330)source
- Sandaki Mari Djata, Mansa of the Mali Empiresource
- Keratsa of Bulgaria, Byzantine empress consort (born 1348)source
- Sa'ad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani, Ilkhanate polymath (born 1322)source