/year

July 28 in history

199 sourced entries recorded on July 28, from 450 CE to 2022 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 487Bʼutz Aj Sak Chiik becomes the new ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque, in what is now the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico, and reigns until his death in 501.source
  • 657July 26 - July 28 – Battle of Siffin: Muslim forces under Ali ibn Abi-Talib fight an inconclusive battle against Mu'awiya I, on the banks of the Euphrates, near Raqqa (Syria).source
  • 754Pope Stephen II re-consecrates Pepin III (the Short) as king of the Franks, at the Basilica of Saint-Denis outside Paris, bestowing upon him the additional title of Patricius of the Romans. This marks the first recorded crowning of a civil ruler by a pope. Pepin assumes the role of ordained protector of the Catholic Church.source
  • 1148Siege of Damascus: The Crusaders are forced to withdraw from their siege of Damascus after only four days. First Conrad III, then the rest of the Crusader army, decides to retreat to Jerusalem.source
  • 1156The Hōgen rebellion, a dispute between Emperor Go-Shirakawa and his half-brother retired-Emperor Sutoku, erupts in Japan.source
  • 1227Battle of Ane: Forces of the Bishopric of Utrecht are defeated by the rebellious Drenths led by Rudolph van Coevorden near Ane (modern Netherlands). The Drenths lure the Bishop's forces, supported by heavily armoured knights, in an ambush into a swampy area and kill Bishop Otto II of Lippe. After the battle, Otto's successor, Wilbrand van Oldenburg, rouses the Frisian people into supporting the war against the Drenths.source
  • 1315King Louis X of France issues a charter in allowing expelled Jews to come back to France, but under strict conditions. The French Jews will be allowed to stay in the country for 12 years, after which their right to remain will be reviewed. Jewish people are required to wear armbands in public for identification, can live only in designated communities and are forbidden from usury. Through this, the Jewish community will depend upon the king for their right to protection. In December, Sultan Ismail I of Granada implements similar rules for the Jews in the Spanish kingdom, directing Jews to wear a yellow badge in public.source
  • 1330Battle of Velbazhd: The Bulgarians under Tsar Michael Shishman (who is mortally wounded) are beaten by the Serbs. Bulgaria does not lose any territory to Serbia, but is powerless to stop the Serbian advance towards the predominantly Bulgarian-populated Macedonia.source
  • 1337John de Charleton de Powys appointed justiciarsource
  • 1364Battle of Cascina: Forces of the Republic of Florence, led by Galeotto Malatesta, defeat those of Pisa.source
  • 1424The army of the Duchy of Milan, led by the Duke Filippo Maria Visconti, defeats the Republic of Florence's army, led by Carlo I Malatesta, in the Battle of Zagonara.source
  • 1446The compilation of the Alfonsine Ordinances, the first codification of the laws of the Kingdom of Portugal, is completed by Rui Fernandes of Almada and given to Dom Pedro de Coimbra, the regent for King Afonso V.source
  • 1463The Senate of the Republic of Venice votes to declare war on the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1480Mehmed II fails in his attempt to capture Rhodes from the Knights of Rhodes.source
  • 1480An Ottoman army lands near Otranto in southern Italy. Pope Sixtus IV calls for a crusade to drive the Ottomans away. Otranto falls on August 12 after a 15-day siege.source
  • 1488Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier: Troops loyal to King Charles VIII of France defeat rebel forces, led by the Dukes of Orleans and Brittany, bringing the "Mad War" (la Guerre folle) to an end.source
  • 1488Breton and French armies met at the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier. The Breton forces, led by Marshal de Rieux, are decisively beaten by the French. The defeat puts an end to the Mad War and a brief pause in the French–Breton War.source
  • 1499First Battle of Lepanto: The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over the Venetians.source
  • 1502At Augsburg, Maximilian I, Germany's King of the Romans signs a treaty with representatives of King Henry VII of England, agreeing not to provide assistance to English rebels.source
  • 1516Selim I of the Ottoman Empire captures the city of Malatya (located in what is now southeastern Turkey) as the first conquest in his war against the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and then proceeds to invade Syria.source
  • 1522Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I begins his siege to expel the Knights of St. John in Rhodes.source
  • 1563The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege.source
  • 1566John Sigismund Zápolya, uncrowned claimant to the throne of the King of Hungary, leads an invasion of Upper Hungary on the orders of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman.source
  • 1597After the performance of the satirical play The Isle of Dogs, written by Thomas Nashe and Ben Jonson, at the Swan Theatre, the Privy Council of England concludes that the "lewd play" is full of seditious and slanderous matter. Jonson is arrested, along with two actors, Gabriel Spenser and Robert Shaa, and the three are sent to Marshalsea Prison. A raid on the home of Thomas Nashe seizes his papers, but Nashe is not found. The three prisoners are released later in the year and return to the stage. All copies of The Isle of Dogs script are destroyed.source
  • 1610War of the Jülich Succession: The Siege of Jülich, a walled city within the Holy Roman Empire (now in Germany), is started by a combined force of troops from the Dutch Republic, the Kingdom of France and the Margraviate of Brandenburg.source
  • 1613Gregor Richter, the chief pastor of Görlitz, denounces Jacob Boehme as a heretic, in his Sunday sermon.source
  • 1635Army of Flanders takes Schenkenschans.source
  • 1638Thirty Years' War: Swedish Army Field Marshal Johan Banér begins a destructive campaign against the Duchy of Pomerania, held by the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • 1656July 28–30 – Battle of Warsaw: Led by King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, the armies of the Swedish Empire and the Margraviate of Brandenburg defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth near Warsaw.source
  • 1683The Lady Anne, the King's niece and fourth in line of succession, marries Prince George of Denmark in the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace, London.source
  • 1689English sailors break through a floating boom across the River Foyle, to end the siege of Derry after 105 days.source
  • 1697The opera Vénus et Adonis, composed by Henri Desmarets with libretto by Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, receives its first performance, premiering at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.source
  • 1708The second Eddystone Lighthouse, erected by John Rudyerd, is first illuminated.source
  • 1736John Harris, Bishop of Llandaff, becomes Dean of Wells Cathedral in succession to Isaac Maddox.source
  • 1741Russo-Swedish War (1741–43)source
  • 1743France and the Allies of Britain conclude a treaty to provide care for each other's wounded.source
  • 1751Battle of Kirkhbulakh: The Kingdom of Kartli defeats a large army of the Tabriz Khanate, under Erekle II.source
  • 1788Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in Vienna, completes his penultimate symphony, the Symphony No. 40 in G Minor.source
  • 1809July 27–28 - Battle of Talaverasource
  • 1809Peninsula War – Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force.source
  • 1814The revived Ligurian Republic is dissolved.source
  • 1821Argentine general José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from the Spanish Empire.source
  • 1823The first theatrical adaptation of the Frankenstein story, Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein, opens at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in London. On August 29, Mary Shelley attends a performance, the only version of her novel she will ever see.source
  • 1825foundation stone of the Royal High School's new building on Calton Hill in Edinburgh is laid.source
  • 1830July 27–29 – July Revolution ("Three Glorious Days") – people in Paris rebel against the Ordinance of St. Cloud by King Charles X of France and clash against the National Guard – 1,800 rioters and 300 soldiers die and the king has to flee the capital.source
  • 1835An assassination attempt against King Louis Philippe I of France is attempted by Giuseppe Marco Fieschi, who uses a home-made volley gun and kills 10 people. The King escapes with a minor wound.source
  • 1840first permanent presence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Ireland when Mormon missionaries John Taylor, William Black and James McGuffie arrive to work in the Newry, Lisburn and Belfast areas. On 31 July Thomas Tait becomes the first convert baptised in Ireland, at Loughbrickland.source
  • 1845HMS Terror and HMS Erebus of the Franklin Expedition go missing in the Davis Strait west of Greenland, while searching for the Northwest Passage.source
  • 1847The Liberian constitution is approved by the constitutional convention.source
  • 1849Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Hungarian government, led by Bertalan Szemere promulgates the Nationality Law, which gives important rights to the nationalities of Hungary, like the right to use their mother tongue in school, church, army, court and administration. The Romanians are declared a nation, and not a minority, in Transylvania. The Jews receive equality thanks to the Emancipation Decree.source
  • 1851Total solar eclipse visible in Canada, Greenland, Iceland and Northern Europe, the first solar eclipse to be photographed.source
  • 1852Henry Clay steamboat disaster in Riverdale, Bronx, claims several lives, including Stephen Allen.source
  • 1858In Bengal, India, British officer William James Herschel uses the hand impression of Rajyadhar Konai, as a contract fingerprint signature.source
  • 1859July 28 The Bishop Cotton school (Shimla) (BCS) was founded on July 28, 1859,source
  • 1860Zeng Guofan sets up headquarters in Qimen.source
  • 1865English general practitioner Edward William Pritchard becomes the last person publicly hanged in Glasgow (on Glasgow Green), for poisoning his wife and mother-in-law in the city.source
  • 1866The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the use of the metric system for weights and measures in the United States.source
  • 1866The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States.source
  • 1868The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is adopted, including the Citizenship Clause and the Equal Protection Clause, legally, if not actually, guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and equal protection, and all persons in the United States due process of law.source
  • 1870Start of Solar Saros 153. The final eclipse in this series will be in 3114.source
  • 1871The Annie becomes the first boat ever launched on Yellowstone Lake, in the Yellowstone National Park region.source
  • 1875Joe Borden throws the first no-hitter in baseball history versus Mike Golden and the Chicago White Stockings in his third start as a replacement for Cherokee Fisher as a member of the Philadelphia White Stockingssource
  • 1885Louis Riel's trial for treason begins in Regina.source
  • 1897July 26–August 2 – Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand, on the Northwest frontier of British India (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan).source
  • 1897The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maracaibo is established.source
  • 1908July 27–28 – The 1908 Hong Kong typhoon sinks the passenger steamer Ying King, causing 421 deaths.*July 29 - The White Star Line company begins the construction of the Titanicsource
  • 1909July 25–August 2 – "Tragic Week" (La Semana Trágica/la Setmana Tràgica): The city of Barcelona experiences a workers' uprising.source
  • 1911The Australasian Antarctic Expedition begins as the SY Aurora departs London.source
  • 1914Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after Serbia rejects the conditions of an ultimatum sent by Austria on July 23 following the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Yugoslav nationalist movement Young Bosnia.source
  • 1914Henriette Caillaux, wife of minister Joseph Caillaux, is acquitted of the murder of Gaston Calmette by reason of crime passionnel.source
  • 1917The Silent Parade is organized by the NAACP in New York City, to protest the East St. Louis massacre of early July, as well as lynchings in Tennessee and Texas.source
  • 1919The International Astronomical Union is founded in Paris, France.source
  • 1921Church of Scotland Act 1921 given Royal Assent, recognising the Church's Articles Declaratory and thus its status as the national church in Scotland but independent from the state in spiritual matters.source
  • 1928August 12 – The 1928 Summer Olympics are held in Amsterdam, opening with the lighting of the Olympic flame. Women's athletics and gymnastics debut at these games, and discus thrower Halina Konopacka of Poland becomes the first female Olympic gold medal winner for a track or field event. Coca-Cola enters Europe as sponsor of the games.source
  • 1930R. B. Bennett defeats William Lyon Mackenzie King in federal elections and becomes the Prime Minister of Canada.source
  • 1935Tour de France ends, won by Romain Maes of Belgiumsource
  • 1937July 25–31 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, a series of actions fought around Beiping and Tianjin, result in Japanese victory.source
  • 1937Assassination attempt on King George VI in Belfast by the Irish Republican Army.source
  • 19381938 Greek coup d'état attempt: A revolt against the Ioannis Metaxas dictatorship in Greece is put down in Chania.source
  • 1938Folk hero Lampião and his band are ambushed in one of his hideouts, the Angicos farm, in the state of Sergipe.source
  • 1938Pan Am flying boat Hawaii Clipper disappears with 6 passengers and 9 crew members, en route from Guam to Manila.source
  • 1945Bombing of Aomori – The Japanese city of Aomori is firebombed by 63 USAAF B-29 heavy bombers, killing 1,767 civilians and destroying 18,045 homes.source
  • 19451945 Empire State Building B-25 crash: A North American B-25 Mitchell crashes into the Empire State Building in New York City, killing 14 people.source
  • 1947July 27–28 – English endurance swimmer Tom Blower becomes the first person to swim the North Channel, from Donaghadee in Northern Ireland to Portpatrick in Scotland.source
  • 1948Around 200 die in an explosion at a chemical plant in Ludwigshafen, Germany.source
  • 1950A Constellation plane crashes into Morro do Chapéu, near Porto Alegre airport, killing 50 people.source
  • 1951Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a multilateral treaty of the United Nations, is signed at a special conference in Geneva, defining the status of refugees and setting out the basis for granting right of asylum, coming into force on 22 April 1954.source
  • 1952Queen Sirikit gives birth to a second child and only son Vajiralongkorn.source
  • 1955July 25-August 4: Bishops from all over Latin America meet in Rio de Janeiro for the first Episcopal Conference of Latin America.source
  • 1955The first Interlingua Congress is held in Tours, France, leading to the foundation of the Union Mundial pro Interlingua.source
  • 1957Christian Democratic Party is founded.source
  • 1957Heavy rains and mudslides at Isahaya, western Kyūshū, Japan, kill 992.source
  • 1957July 25–28 - According to Japanese government official confirmed report, heavy massive torrential rain and flood swept hit around Isahaya, Kyushu Island. 992 persons lost their lives in mudslides and flooding.source
  • 1957The 6th World Festival of Youth and Students, a high point of the Khrushchev Thaw, opens in Moscow.source
  • 1960July 25–28 – In Chicago, the 1960 Republican National Convention nominates Vice President Richard Nixon as its candidate for President of the United States, and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. for vice-president.source
  • 1962A locust swarm threatens New Delhi.source
  • 1968July 23–28 – Black militants led by Fred (Ahmed) Evans engage in a fierce gunfight with police in the Glenville Shootout of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, leaving 7 people killed.source
  • 1971July 25–30 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli records two Debussy works in Munich for Deutsche Grammophon, his fifth recording.source
  • 1971Abdel Khaliq Mahjub, Sudanese communist leader, is hanged.source
  • 1973Skylab 3 (Owen Garriott, Jack Lousma, Alan Bean) is launched, to conduct various medical and scientific experiments aboard Skylab.source
  • 1976The Tangshan earthquake flattens Tangshan, China, killing 242,769 people, and injuring 164,851.source
  • 1976An earthquake hit the region of Tangshan, Hebei Province at 3:42am. This was the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.source
  • 1979Morarji Desai resigns as India's prime minister and Charan Singh succeeds him.source
  • 1981July 23–29 – Strong temperature drops are recorded in much of the country. Snow falls in cities like La Serena and Copiapó, where previously thought impossible.source
  • 1984August 12 – The 1984 Summer Olympics are held in Los Angeles, California.source
  • 1984El Salvador participates at the 1984 Summer Olympics.source
  • 1989At the Iranian presidential election, electors overwhelmingly elect Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani as President of Iran and endorse changes to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, increasing the powers of the president.source
  • 1989Satur Ocampo, leader of the National Democratic Front and chief rebel negotiator in peace talks, and his wife Carolina Malay, both former journalists, are arrested. They have been charged in court on July 24 for allegedly leading the execution of suspected military spies in Quezon.source
  • 1995The United Nations Security Council extended sanctions on Libya over its role in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 and UTA Flight 772.source
  • 2001Alejandro Toledo becomes the President of Peru.source
  • 2002July 25–August 4 – The 2002 Commonwealth Games are held in Manchester, England.source
  • 2003The groundbreaking ceremony of Central Taiwan Science Park.source
  • 2003The Tasman Spirit oil spill occurs in Pakistan.source
  • 2005As a result of the Good Friday Agreement signed in 1998, the Provisional Irish Republican Army ends its armed campaign and decommissions their weapons, by ordering all its units to drop their arms under the supervision of the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning.source
  • 2009AIDS campaigners and human rights groups accuse the Cambodian government of herding HIV-affected families into an "Aids colony" outside Phnom Penh.source
  • 2010Airblue Flight 202 crashes near Islamabad, Pakistan, killing all 152 people on board.source
  • 2013Heavy rain causes 30 metres of the Uttamanusorn Bridge in Kanchanaburi province to collapse. The amount collapsed increases to 70 metres three days after.source
  • 2013July 22–28 – XIV World Youth Day, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.source
  • 2014100-year anniversary of World War I's commencement (Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia).source
  • 2014July 23–August 3 – The 2014 Commonwealth Games takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.source
  • 2020Former Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Razak is found guilty of all seven charges in the first of five trials on the 1MDB scandal, being jailed 12 years and fined RM210 million as a result.source
  • 2021The first direct observation of light from behind a black hole is reported, confirming Einstein's theory of general relativity.source
  • 2022July 28–August 8 – The 2022 Commonwealth Games is held in Birmingham, England.source
  • 20228 August: Bermuda at the 2022 Commonwealth Gamessource

Births

  • 1165Ibn Arabi, Andalusian philosopher (died 1240)source
  • 1193Kujō Michiie, Japanese nobleman (died 1252)source
  • 1347Margherita of Durazzo, Queen consort of Charles III of Naples (died 1412)source
  • 1456Jacopo Sannazaro, Italian poet (died 1530)source
  • 1458Jacopo Sannazaro, Italian poet (died 1530)source
  • 1486Pieter Gillis, French philosopher (died 1533)source
  • 1516William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman (died 1592)source
  • 1538Alberto Bolognetti, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1585)source
  • 1609Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (died 1660)source
  • 1635Robert Hooke, English scientist (died 1703)source
  • 1645Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, French princess (died 1721)source
  • 1767James Asheton Bayard Sr., U.S. Senator from Delaware (died 1815)source
  • 1804Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (died 1872)source
  • 181828 July (in England): Thomas Mason, horticulturist and politician.source
  • 1851Manuel Raimundo Querinosource
  • 1866Beatrix Potter, English children's author (Peter Rabbit and Jemima Puddle-Duck) (died 1943)source
  • 1885Monte Attell, American boxer (died 1960)source
  • 1887Marcel Duchamp, French artist (died 1968)source
  • 1902Karl Popper, Austrian-born British philosopher (died 1994)source
  • 1929Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (died 1994)source
  • 1938Alberto Fujimori, Peruvian politician and dictator, President of Peru (died 2024)source
  • 1938Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru 1990–2000 (died 2024)source
  • 1952Vajiralongkorn, Thai Kingsource
  • 1954Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (died 2013)source
  • 1971Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi Islamic extremist leader (died 2019)source

Deaths

  • 450Theodosius II, Roman Emperor (born 401)source
  • 450Emperor Theodosius II, age 49, falls from his horse while hunting at Constantinople and dies soon afterward. He has reigned since 408, mostly under the domination of his Christian sister Pulcheria, who has been allowed to return to court (see 441).source
  • 938Thankmar, half-brother of Otto I (during the Siege of Eresburg)source
  • 942Shi Jingtang, emperor of Later Jin (born 892)source
  • 1032Constance of Arles, French queensource
  • 1057Victor II, pope of the Catholic Churchsource
  • 1057Pope Victor II dies after a 15-month pontificate at Arezzo. He is succeeded by Stephen IX as the 154th pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 1094William Bertrand, margrave of Provencesource
  • 1094William Bertrand dies, and his margravial title of Provence is inherited by Raymond IV ("Saint-Gilles"), who becomes count of Toulouse (until 1105).source
  • 1128William Clito, count of Flanders (born 1102)source
  • 1128William Clito dies as a result of a wound received at the siege of Aalst a fortnight earlier, leaving Thierry as sole claimant to the County of Flanders. He sets up his seat of government at Bruges and King Louis VI ("the Fat") of France agrees to his accession.source
  • 1129Zhao Fu, emperor of the Song dynasty (born 1127)source
  • 1230Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, German nobleman and knight (born 1176)source
  • 1271Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (or Bourke), Norman noblemansource
  • 1271Walter de Burgo (born c 1230) died in Galway and was buried in Athassel Priorysource
  • 1285Keran of Lampron, queen of Cilician Armenia (born 1260)source
  • 1308Abu Thabit 'Amir dies and is succeeded by his brother Abu al-Rabi Sulayman as ruler of the Marinid Sultanate.source
  • 1333Guy VIII of Viennois, Dauphin of Vienne (born 1309)source
  • 1345Sancia of Majorca, queen regent of Naples (born c. 1285)source
  • 1395(7 Shawwal 797 AH) Ali ibn Ajlan, the Emir of Mecca is killed and is succeeded by his brother Muhammad ibn Ajlan.source
  • 1488Edward Woodville, Lord Scales (at the Battle of St. Aubin-du-Cormier; b. c. 1456)source
  • 1508July 28 or July 29 – Robert Blackadder, Bishop of Glasgowsource
  • 1509Ignatius Noah of Lebanon, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (born 1451).source
  • 1527Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conqueror and explorer (born c. 1460)source
  • 1534Archbishop John Alen, Chancellor of Ireland (who has attempted to mediate in the revolt) is murdered at Clontarf by retainers of Thomas FitzGerald.source
  • 1540Thomas Cromwell, is executed for treason publicly in London on the orders of king Henry VIII of England. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.source
  • 1540Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (executed) (born c.1485)source
  • 1541Leonard Grey, 1st Viscount Grane, Lord Deputy of Ireland, died by execution (born 1479/1492)source
  • 1614Felix Plater, Swiss physician (born 1536)source
  • 1655Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier and writer (born 1619)source
  • 1667Abraham Cowley, English poet (born 1618)source
  • 1675Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (born 1605)source
  • 1685Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English statesman (born 1618)source
  • 1719Arp Schnitger, German organ builder (born 1648)source
  • 1721Sir Edward Williams, MP, 61source
  • 1738Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (born 1661)source
  • 1741Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (born 1678)source
  • 1746John Peter Zenger, American printer, whose court case advanced freedom of the press in the American colonies (born 1697)source
  • 1750Conyers Middleton, English minister (born 1683)source
  • 1750Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (born 1685)source
  • 1794Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (born 1767)source
  • 1794Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader (executed) (born 1758)source
  • 1818Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and geometer (born 1746)source
  • 1835Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise, French marshal (born 1768)source
  • 1844Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon, King of Naples and Spain (born 1768)source
  • 1847Jan Nepomucen Głowacki, realist painter (born 1802)source
  • 1849King Charles Albert of Sardinia (born 1798)source
  • 1967July 23–31 – 12th Street Riot: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city: 43 are killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.source
  • 1968Otto Hahn, German chemist, discoverer of nuclear fission, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1879)source
  • 2004Francis Crick, 88, British biologist, one of the discoverers of the "double-helix" shape of DNA, cancer.source