/year

March 8 in history

203 sourced entries recorded on March 8, from 819 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 1010Persian poet Ferdowsi finishes writing the Shahnameh (Book of Kings), which will be regarded as the national epic of the greater Iranian culture.source
  • 1198Philip of Swabia, son of the late Emperor Frederick I, is elected "King of Germany" by his supporters at Mühlhausen in Thuringia. Archbishop Adolf of Cologne elects Otto of Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, as Philip's rival. Otto IV is crowned as King of the Romans in Aachen by supporters of the House of Welf. Philip's coronation does not take place until September 8, at Mainz.source
  • 1262Battle of Hausbergen: The bourgeois of Strasbourg defeat a German army of knights (some 5,000 men) under Bishop Walter of Geroldseck. Strasbourg becomes an imperial Free City of the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • 1308King Denis of Portugal, "the Poet King", grants Póvoa de Varzim a charter, the Foral, giving royal lands to 54 families, who found a municipality known as Póvoa around Praça Velha.source
  • 1315The Al-Shamah Mosque, in modern-day Gaza City in Palestine, is completed after being commissioned by the Mamluk Sultanate Governor of Gaza, Sanjar al-Jawli.source
  • 1372In the Holy Roman Empire, the Archbishop-Elector of Trier, Kuno II von Falkenstein and the Archbishop-Elector of Köln, Friedrich III. von Saarwerden, become co-founders of their own mint abd begin production of being the minting of coins, including the "Weisspfennig" (the "white penny").source
  • 1386King Richard II of England grants John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, control of all royal lands in Ireland.source
  • 1429After hearing that Joan of Arc says that voices from heaven have told her that she will lead a royalist army to relieve the siege of Orleans and help him secure the French throne, the Dauphin Charles of France meets with her at the Château de Chinon and is persuaded that he should provide her supplies and troops.source
  • 1435Prince Zhu Qiyu, who will become the Emperor of China in 1449, is appointed as the Prince of Cheng in the name of the Emperor Yingzong of Ming.source
  • 1440Despite the birth of a posthumous son of the late King Albert V, the Hungarian nobles vote to elect King Vladislaus III of Poland as the new King of Hungary.source
  • 1466Galeazzo Maria Sforza becomes the new Duke of Milan upon the death of his father Francesco I Sforza, though at the time he is in France in a military expedition to help King Louis XI fight the Duke of Burgundy.source
  • 1523In Spain's Kingdom of Valencia, a rebellion by the Brotherhoods of Mallorca is suppressed after two years, as the rebels surrender their capital, Palma de Mallorca, to Spanish and German troops.source
  • 1537Chipatá, now in the Santander Department of the Republic of Colombia, is founded by the Spanish conquistadors Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and his brother Hernán Pérez de Quesada as the first settlement in what will become the Spanish colony of Nueva Granada, which will later be divided into the nations of Colombia and Venezuela.source
  • 1541At the Battle of Suakin, fought at an Ottoman port city on the Red Sea in what is now Sudan, Portuguese General Estêvão da Gama and his brother Cristóvão da Gama lead an attack against the Ottoman ruler and plunder the city.source
  • 1542Antoine Escalin des Eymars, the French ambassador, returns from Constantinople, with promises of Ottoman aid in a war against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.source
  • 1546King John III of Portugal issues an order for Portuguese India (at Goa) to forbid Hinduism, destroy Hindu temples, prohibit the public celebration of Hindu feasts, expel Hindu priests and severely punish those who created any Hindu images in Portuguese possessions in India.source
  • 1548Order of communion issued.source
  • 1558The city of Pori (Björneborg) is founded by Duke John on the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia.source
  • 1589England prohibits the construction of a cottage on any property that isn't at least four acres in size, with the passage of the Erection of Cottages Act 1588.source
  • 1618Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (after some initial calculations, he soon rejects the idea, but on May 15 confirms the discovery).source
  • 1640March 8–13 – Siege of Galle: Dutch troops take the strategic fortress at Galle, Sri Lanka from the Portuguese.source
  • 1655John Casor becomes the first legally recognized slave in what will become the United States, as a court in Northampton County in the Colony of Virginia issues its decision in the Casor lawsuit, the first instance of a judicial determination in the Thirteen Colonies holding that a person who has committed no crime could be held in servitude for life.source
  • 1658March 8 (February 26 OS) – The peace between Sweden and Denmark-Norway is concluded in Roskilde by the Treaty of Roskilde, under which Denmark is forced to cede significant territory. This leads to Sweden reaching its territorial height during its time as a great power.source
  • 1658The Treaty of Roskilde resulted in the ceding of the Norwegian provinces of Båhuslen and Trondhjems len to Sweden. (At the Treaty of Copenhagen (1660) Trondhjems len was returned to Norway).source
  • 1668In the Cretan War, the navy of the Republic of Venice defeats an Ottoman Empire naval force of 12 ships and 2,000 galleys that had attempted to seize a small Venetian galley near the port of Agia Pelagia.source
  • 1669James Lynch is appointed Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam (consecrated at Ghent 6 May (16 May NS)).source
  • 1673under pressure from Parliament, King Charles II withdraws the Royal Declaration of Indulgence.source
  • 1694The Casa da Moeda do Brasil is formed by Peter II of Portugal.source
  • 1698The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, the oldest Anglican mission organization in the world, is founded by English clergyman Thomas Bray and four other people at Lincoln's Inn in London, along with Sir Humphrey Mackworth, Maynard Colchester, Lord Guilford and John Hooke.source
  • 1702Anne, daughter of King James II, comes to the throne of Great Britain. Since her only surviving son had died prior to her accession, there is no prospective Prince of Wales.source
  • 1705The Province of Carolina incorporates the town of Bath, making it the first incorporated town in modern-day North Carolina. The town becomes the political center and de facto capital of the northern portion of the Province of Carolina until Edenton is incorporated in 1722.source
  • 1716King Charles XII of Sweden leads an invasion of Norway, crossing the border at Basmo, near the modern-day town of Marker.source
  • 1716King Charles XII of Sweden leads an invasion of Norway, crossing the border at Basmo, near the modern-day town of Marker.source
  • 1722Battle of Gulnabad in Persia: The Pashtun people of Afghanistan, led by Mahmud Hotak, decisively defeat forces of the Persian Safavid dynasty, precipitating its fall.source
  • 1723the Chelsea Waterworks Company receives a Royal Charter.source
  • 1732report of a House of Lords committee on the 'state of popery'.source
  • 1736Nader Shah, founder of the Afsharid dynasty, is crowned Shah of Iran on a date selected by court astrologers.source
  • 1748With the death of the childless William Herbert, 3rd Marquess of Powis, the title becomes extinct. Henry Arthur Herbert subsequently becomes 1st Earl of Powis.source
  • 1750a second more powerful earthquake is felt in London.source
  • 1761A second earthquake occurs in North London, Hampstead and Highgate.source
  • 1761a second earthquake occurs in North London, Hampstead and Highgate.source
  • 1772Biela's Comet is first discovered by French astronomer Jacques Leibax Montaigne, but not proven to be a periodic comet until 1826, when Wilhelm von Biela correctly identifies its return.source
  • 1780American Revolutionary War: the League of Armed Neutrality is formed by Russia with Denmark and Sweden to try to prevent the Royal Navy from searching neutral vessels for contraband.source
  • 1784Mary Bailey, a mariticide, becomes one of the last persons in Britain, convicted of murder, to be sentenced to be hanged, and their body burned. She and John Quin, accused of murdering Cornelius Bailey at Portsmouth, are both convicted and hanged at Winchester; Bailey claims her innocence to the end. After execution, Quin's body is handed to the surgeons for dissection, and Mary Bailey's body burned.source
  • 1814The council sustain their Clerk's refusal to show their minutes to a Committee of the Assembly.source
  • 1834The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, an institution in Quebec dedicated to the protection of Quebec francophone interests and to the promotion of Quebec Sovereignism, is founded.source
  • 1838The New Orleans Mint strikes its first coinage, 30 dimes.source
  • 1843The Danish government re-establishes the Althing in Iceland as an advisory body, by royal decree.source
  • 1843A royal decree providing for the establishment of a new Althing was issued, with the country's first elections being held the following year.source
  • 1844The Althing, the parliament of Iceland, is reopened after 45 years of closure.source
  • 1844John Jones (Shoni Sguborfawr) embarks on the Blundell for transportation to Norfolk Island, his sentence for shooting at a man during the Rebecca Riots.source
  • 1844King Oscar I ascends to the throne of Sweden–Norway upon the death of his father, Charles XIV/III John.source
  • 1844King Oscar I ascends to the throne of Sweden-Norwaysource
  • 1855A bridge over the Niagara River near Niagara Falls is completed.source
  • 1857March 8 – 12 – Spirit Lake Massacre, near Okoboji and Spirit lakes in the northwestern territory of Iowa near the Minnesota border.source
  • 1862Ironclad CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) is launched at Hampton Roads, Virginia; the Battle of Hampton Roads starts the same day.source
  • 18681868 Zollparlament electionsource
  • 1888The Agriculture College of Utah (later Utah State University) is founded in Logan, Utah.source
  • 1890North Dakota State University is founded in Fargo.source
  • 1892March 6–8 – Exclusive Agreement: Rulers of six Trucial States (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Ras al-Khaimah and Umm al-Quwain) and Bahrain sign an agreement, by which they become de facto British protectorates.source
  • 1896Crispi is succeeded by Antonio di Rudinì as Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior in a cabinet formed by the veteran Conservative, General Ricotti, who retains the Ministry of War.source
  • 1902Jean Sibelius's Symphony No. 2 is premiered in Helsinki.source
  • 1903Charles Gavan Duffy was buried at Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin. He was laid to rest near others who took part in the Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848.source
  • 190619 people perish in an avalanche close to the fishing village Steine in Lofoten.source
  • 1908Juventus wins the 1908 Italian Football Championship.source
  • 1910In France, Raymonde de Laroche is awarded Pilot's license No. 36 by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale, becoming the first woman authorized to fly an airplane.source
  • 1916March 8–9 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa leads about 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 12 U.S. soldiers. A garrison of the U.S. 13th Cavalry Regiment fights back and drives them away.source
  • 1917WWI: Norwegian tramp SS Storstad (the ship that rammed and sank RMS Empress of Ireland in 1914) is torpedoed and sunk by SM U-62 in the Atlantic with the loss of 3 crew members. — N.S.source
  • 1917(February 23, O.S.) – The February Revolution begins in Russia: Women calling for bread in Petrograd start riots, which spontaneously spread throughout the city. — N.S.source
  • 1917(N.S.) (February 23, O.S.) – The February Revolution begins: Women calling for bread in Petrograd create riots, which spread throughout the city.source
  • 1919British authorities in Egypt arrest populist leader Saad Zaghloul, exiling him to Malta, triggering the Egyptian Revolution of 1919.source
  • 1924The Castle Gate mine disaster kills 172 coal miners in Utah.source
  • 1929Litla-Hraun prison establishedsource
  • 1936March 2–8. Strike action at Polish-Swiss Chocolate Factory Philippe Suchard in Kraków,source
  • 1937March 8–23 - Battle of Guadalajarasource
  • 1942NIROM, the Dutch East Indies' privately funded broadcaster, closes.source
  • 1945Josip Broz Tito forms a Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.source
  • 1945Nazi authorities kill 117 Dutch men in reprisal for the attempted murder of Hanns Albin Rauter.source
  • 1946The Bell 47 becomes the first helicopter certified for civilian use in the United Statessource
  • 1948McCollum v. Board of Education: The United States Supreme Court rules that religious instruction in public schools violates the U.S. Constitution.source
  • 1950The first Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as the Microbus) rolls off the assembly line in Wolfsburg, Germany.source
  • 1953The Thieves World, which has been transformed into the Russian mafia, are freed from prisons by the Malenkov regime, ending the Bitch Wars.source
  • 1957Egypt re-opens the Suez Canal.source
  • 1958The USS Wisconsin is decommissioned, leaving the United States Navy without an active battleship for the first time since 1896 (she is recommissioned October 22, 1988).source
  • 1961Max Conrad circumnavigates the earth by light plane in 8 days, 18 hours and 49 minutes, setting a new world record.source
  • 1961The first U.S. Polaris submarines arrive at Holy Loch in Scotland.source
  • 1962March 8–12 – In Geneva, France and the Algerian FLN begin negotiations.source
  • 1965Vietnam War: Some 3,500 United States Marines arrive in Da Nang, South Vietnam, becoming the first American ground combat troops in Vietnam.source
  • 1966Nelson's Pillar in O'Connell Street, Dublin, is clandestinely blown up by former Irish Republican Army volunteers marking this year's 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising.source
  • 1968The Soviet ballistic missile submarine K-129 sinks with all 98 crew members, about 90 nautical miles (104 miles or 167 km) southwest of Hawaii.source
  • 1968The first student protests spark the 1968 Polish political crisis.source
  • 19701969–70 Albanian Cup: FK Partizani Tirana vs KF Vllaznia, Partizani wins 4-0source
  • 1971"Fight of the Century": Boxer Joe Frazier defeats Muhammad Ali in a 15-round unanimous decision at Madison Square Garden.source
  • 1971The Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI breaks into the Media, Pennsylvania offices of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and removes all of its files.source
  • 1973The Troubles: A referendum is held in Northern Ireland over whether to reunite with the Republic of Ireland or to stay a part of the UK. The result was 98% remain. The Provisional Irish Republican Army responds to the referendum by planting four car bombs in London on the same day, two of which went off, causing one death and injuring over 200 people.source
  • 1973According to Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency official confirmed report, Yawata General Hospital fire in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, total 13 patients were fatalities.source
  • 1978The first radio episode of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams, is transmitted on BBC Radio 4.source
  • 1979Philips demonstrates the compact disc publicly for the first time.source
  • 1979Images taken by Voyager 1 prove the existence of volcanoes on Io, a moon of Jupiter.source
  • 1979Thousands of women participate in the International Women's Day Protests in Tehran, 1979 against the introduction of mandatory veiling during the Iranian revolution.source
  • 1980The Soviet Union's first rock music festival starts.source
  • 1982A “Political Information System” seminar convenes in Nairobi, bringing together representatives from single-party states (Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Uganda) to discuss the viability of one-party democracy in post-colonial Africa.source
  • 1985A Beirut car bomb, planted in an attempt to assassinate Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, kills more than 80 people and injures 200 more.source
  • 1986The Japanese Suisei probe flies by Halley's Comet, studying its UV hydrogen corona and solar wind.source
  • 1988Aeroflot Flight 3739 is hijacked en route from Irkutsk to Leningrad.source
  • 1989PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat visits Pakistan and lays the cornerstone for a Palestinian embassy in Islamabad.source
  • 1989Proton Saga Knight, the first Rally, Race, Research (R3) sports car was launched at Batu Tiga Circuit, Shah Alam.source
  • 1989The establishment of EVA Air.source
  • 1990Admiral José Toribio Merino accepts his resignation as the Commander in Chief of the Chilean Navy.source
  • 1990The Nintendo World Championships are held within the Fair Park's Automobile Building, kickstarting an almost year long gaming competition across 29 American cities.source
  • 1993The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. The Moon appears to be 14% bigger and 30% brighter than the year's other full moons. The next time these two events coincided was in 2008.source
  • 1996Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: China begins surface-to-surface missile testing and military exercises off Taiwanese coastal areas. The United States government condemns the act as provocation, and the Taiwanese government warns of retaliation.source
  • 2000Heavy rains cause floods in Tucumán Province, which then expand to Santiago del Estero and Córdoba .source
  • 2002March 2–10 – Afghan and coalition troops carry out Operation Anaconda in the Shah-i-Kot Valley, the largest combat operation against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban to that point.source
  • 2003Malta approves joining the European Union in a referendum.source
  • 2003Kuwaiti workers have been instructed to make 35 holes in the fence between Iraq and Kuwait, and that the Kuwaiti army is positioning tanks at these openings. The Pakistan Daily Times reported that UNIKOM had found armed US Marines in the demilitarized zone along the fence last month. CBC reported that 230 UN support workers have been ordered out of the demilitarized zone.source
  • 2007March 8–11 – Edoardo Molinari from Italy wins 2007 Kenya Open golf tournament held in Karen Golf and Country Club, Nairobi. Jacob Okello was the best placed Kenyan golfer. Kenya Open is part of the Challenge Tour.source
  • 2008Barisan Nasional loses two-thirds majority, for the first time since 1969, to opposition during the 2008 Malaysian general election but still retains control of government. The coalition also loses majority control of five states to the opposition.source
  • 2010Togolese diplomats convene for reorganization meeting in Lomésource
  • 2011General teacher's strike during five weeks. The government declared it as "illegal".source
  • 2012TVM HD was launched as the first HD channel with new logos for TVM and TVM 2 (formerly Education 22)source
  • 2014Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, a Boeing 777 airliner en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur, disappears over the Gulf of Thailand with 239 people on board. The aircraft is presumed to have crashed into the Indian Ocean.source
  • 2015March 5–8 – The ancient city sites of Nimrud, Hatra and Dur-Sharrukin in Iraq are demolished by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.source
  • 2016March 7-8 - US Vice President Joe Biden started his five-day trip to the Middle East with a visit to the UAE.source
  • 2017the Azure Window collapses after a heavy storm.source
  • 2022The US and UK announce a ban on Russian oil, while the EU announces a two-thirds reduction in its demand for Russian gas.source
  • 2022March 4 – March 13 – The 2022 Winter Paralympics are held in Beijing, China, making it the first city to host both Summer Paralympics and Winter Paralympics.source
  • 2023Allied Democratic Forces jihadist insurgents use machetes to kill about 35 people in the village of Mukondi, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.source
  • 2023March 8–21 – The 2023 World Baseball Classic is held in, and won by, Japan.source
  • 2025More than 1,000 people, including civilians, are reported killed in a crackdown by Syrian transitional government security forces in the Alawite region, described as the country's worst violence for years.source
  • 2025March 8–17 – The 2025 Special Olympics World Winter Games are held in Turin, Italy.source
  • 2025Niger orders the expulsion of three Chinese oil officials from CNPC, WAPCo, and SORAZ, citing disputes over pay and project delays.source

Births

  • 1246Nikkō Shōnin, Japanese religious leader (died 1333)source
  • 1258Arghun Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (died 1291)source
  • 1286John III (the Good), English nobleman (died 1341)source
  • 1422Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1479)source
  • 1495John of God, Portuguese friar and saint (died 1550)source
  • 1514Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (died 1561)source
  • 1518Sidonie of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg (died 1575)source
  • 1558Gustaf Brahe, official (died 1615)source
  • 1566Carlo Gesualdo, Italian music composer (died 1613)source
  • 1617Tito Livio Burattini, Italian inventor, Egyptologist, instrument-maker (died 1681)source
  • 1700William Morgan the elder, of Tredegar, politician (died 1731)source
  • 1707William Irby, 1st Baron Boston, British peer and Member of Parliament (died 1775)source
  • 1708John Campbell, Scottish author (died 1775)source
  • 1714Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German Classical composer (died 1788)source
  • 1721Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull, English noble (died 1788)source
  • 1726Richard Howe, British admiral (died 1799)source
  • 1748William V, Prince of Orange (died 1806)source
  • 1753William Roscoe, English writer (died 1831)source
  • 1799Simon Cameron, American politician (died 1889)source
  • 1827Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (died 1875)source
  • 1841Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 1935)source
  • 1879Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1968)source
  • 1925Efim Geller, chess Grandmastersource
  • 1930Douglas Hurd, seventh Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.source
  • 1958Gary Numan, British singersource
  • 1978Taneli Tikka, entrepreneur and IT influencersource

Deaths

  • 819Li Shidao, Chinese warlordsource
  • 865Rudolf of Fulda, German theologiansource
  • 1054Azelin (Azellinus), bishop of Hildesheimsource
  • 1126Urraca, queen regnant of León and Galicia (born 1079)source
  • 1126Queen Urraca of León ("the Reckless") dies after a 17-year reign. She is succeeded by her 21-year-old son Alfonso VII el Emperador who becomes king of León (until 1157).source
  • 1137Adela of Normandy, countess of Bloissource
  • 1144Celestine II, pope of the Catholic Churchsource
  • 1144Pope Celestine II dies at Rome after a 5-month pontificate. He is succeeded by Lucius II as the 166th pope of the Catholic Church.source
  • 1223Wincenty Kadłubek, bishop of Kraków (born 1150)source
  • 1365Princess Noguk of the Yuan dynasty and queen consort of Goryeosource
  • 1394Mahmud Shah II becomes the new Sultan of Delhi when his brother, Sikandar, dies after less than seven weeks as monarch. At the same time, another claimant to the throne, Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq, proclaims his rule at the royal palace in Firozabad.source
  • 1403Beyazid, Ottoman Sultan (born 1354)source
  • 1441Margaret of Burgundy, Duchess of Bavariasource
  • 1445The Amir Isfahan of Baghdad (born Ispend bin Yusuf) dies after a reign of 12 years and is succeeded by Fulad Mirza. The ruler of the adjacent Qara Qoyunlu Empire, Jahan Shah, then mobilizes an army at Tabriz to invade and take control of Baghdad.source
  • 1466Francesco I Sforza, Duke of Milan (born 1401)source
  • 1536Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire since 1523, is executed after falling into disfavor with Hürrem Sultan, the wife of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. After Hürrem persuades her husband that Pargali Ibrahim has become a threat as his money and power have increased, Suleiman hosts an elaborate dinner with Pargali as his guest. After the dinner ends, Pargali prepares to go to bed but is seized and strangled upon reaching his bedroom.source
  • 1550John of God, Spanish friar and saint (born 1495)source
  • 1593Paul Luther, German scientist (born 1533)source
  • 16618 March Guru Har Rai seventh Sikh guru dies (born 1630)source
  • 1702King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (born 1650)source
  • 1702King William II of Scotland (William III of England and Ireland and Stadtholder of the Netherlands) dies in London following complications from a fall from his horse when it stumbles on a molehill and is succeeded by Queen Anne, the last Stuart monarch on the English, Scottish and Irish thrones.source
  • 1717Abraham Darby I, English ironmaster, first of that name of three generations of a Quaker family that was key to the development of the Industrial Revolution (born 1678)source
  • 1717Abraham Darby I, first of that name of three generations of a Quaker family that was key to the development of the Industrial Revolution (born 1678)source
  • 1723The Povel Juel Plot: Povel Juel was executed in Copenhagen, for his plans to depose Frederick IV as King of Norway.source
  • 1725The Dutch merchant ship Akerendam sinks near the island of Runde during its maiden voyage, the entire ship's crew of 200 people dies in the sinking.source
  • 1748William Herbert, 3rd Marquess of Powis, 50source
  • 1757Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar (born 1701)source
  • 1782Gnadenhutten massacre: In Ohio, 29 Native American men, 27 women, and 34 children are killed by colonial militiamen in retaliation for raids carried out by another Native American group.source
  • 1782American Revolutionary War: In Ohio, the Gnadenhutten massacre of Native Americans takes place in which 29 men, 27 women and 34 children are killed by white militiamen in retaliation for raids carried out by another Native American group.source
  • 1787Samuel Graves, British Royal Navy admiral (born 1713)source
  • 1844King Charles XIV John of Sweden-Norway, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, French Napoleonic general (born 1763)source
  • 1855William Poole, infamous member of New York City's Bowery Boys Gang (born 1821)source
  • 1869Hector Berlioz, French composer (born 1803)source
  • 1874Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (born 1800)source
  • 1878Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel, German classical scholar (born 1820)source
  • 1887Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman, reformer (born 1813)source
  • 1889John Ericsson, Swedish inventor, engineer (born 1803)source
  • 1921Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato e Iradier is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid.source
  • 1930William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States, 10th Chief Justice of the United States (born 1857)source
  • 1942José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban chess player (born 1888)source
  • 1959The Mosul uprising began in Iraq as Colonel Abd al-Shawaff staged a rebellion against the government of President Abdul Karim Qasim. al-Shawaaf was killed the next day, and after the insurrection was put down, Qasim ordered the execution of officers suspected of complicity.source
  • 1982Rab Butler, 79, British Conservative Party politiciansource
  • 2010Five Nigerien soldiers and three jihadists are killed, as Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) attack a Nigerien military base in Tilwa, Tillabéri Region.source
  • 2013Ludwig Schulze, politiciansource
  • 2018Wilson Harris, writer (born 1921).source