1936 CE

The Spanish Civil War begins as Franco’s Nationalists rise against the Republicans; at the 1936 Summer Olympics, Jesse Owens wins four gold medals, defying Nazi racial ideology; the death and state funeral of George V shocks Britain, followed by the Abdication of Edward VIII; the Remilitarisation of the Rhineland violates the Treaty of Versailles, emboldening Hitler; the Anti-Comintern Pact is signed by Germany and Japan against the Soviet Union; the February 26 incident, a failed coup attempt in Japan, leads to political purges.

In the 1930s, the 20th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House.source
  • January – The 1936 Salvadoran legislative election was held but no election results were posted.El Salvadorsource
  • February 16 – 1936 Spanish general election: The left-wing Popular Front coalition takes a majority.source
  • March 7 – In violation of the Treaty of Versailles and Locarno Treaties, Nazi Germany reoccupies the Rhineland. Hitler and other Nazis later admit that the French army alone could have destroyed the Wehrmacht.source
  • 7 March — In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.Germanysource
  • March 9 – Pro-democratic militarist Keisuke Okada steps down as Prime Minister of Japan and is replaced by radical militarist Kōki Hirota.source
  • March 25 – President Manuel L. Quezon issues Executive Order No. 23 which provided for the technical description and specifications of the Philippine national flag.Philippinessource
  • 16 April – Pedro Calmon is elected to the Academia Brasileira de Letras.Brazilsource
  • May 9 – Speaking in Rome, Benito Mussolini announces the foundation of the empire, as Italian East Africa is formed from the Italian territories of Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland.source
  • 17 May: Following a series of general strikes, the military under Germán Busch, supported by the United Socialist Party and trade unions, overthrows the government of José Luis Tejada Sorzano and installs David Toro and president.Boliviasource
  • July 20 – The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits is signed in Montreux, allowing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.source
  • 20 July – Romania signs the Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits governing the Bosporus and Dardanelles.Romaniasource
  • 20 July: Montreux Convention signed.Turkeysource
  • August 26 – The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 is signed.source
  • 07 September - Statement of Policy issued by the Colonial Office in London declares the situation a "direct challenge to the authority of the British Government in Palestine" and announces the appointment of Lieutenant-General John Dill as supreme military commander.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • September 9 – The Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence is signed.source
  • September 28 – After the election to the Swedish Riksdag's second chamber, Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp and his "Holiday Cabinet" ("Semesterregeringen") resign (though he remains as Minister of Agriculture) and Per Albin Hansson returns as Prime Minister, staying in office until his death from a heart attack in 1946.source
  • October 25 – The Italo-German protocol of 23 October 1936 is signed, resulting in the creation of the Axis.source
  • November 25 – The Anti-Comintern Pact is signed by Germany and Japan.source
  • December 5 – The 1936 Soviet Constitution, promulgated by Stalin, is adopted in the Soviet Union. The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic is dissolved, and Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia become full Republics of the Soviet Union.source
  • December 10 – Edward VIII abdication crisis: King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom signs an instrument of abdication at Fort Belvedere, Surrey in the presence of his three brothers, The Duke of York, The Duke of Gloucester and The Duke of Kent.source
  • December 11 – Taking the opportunity to free itself further from ties to the United Kingdom, the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State passes the Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936, removing most powers from the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, and the Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 (signed into law December 12), assenting to the abdication and restricting the power of the monarch in relation to Ireland to international affairs.source
  • December 11 – Edward VIII abdication crisis: The British Parliament passes His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 on behalf of the U.K., Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The King performs his last act as sovereign by giving Royal Assent to the Act, and his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York, becomes King, reigning as King George VI. The former King, now HRH Prince Edward, makes a broadcast to the nation explaining his decision to abdicate, and leaves the country for Austria.source

Conflict & Security

  • January 8 – Reza Shah of Iran issues the Kashf-e hijab which bans all Islamic veils such as the hijab, in addition to many types of male traditional clothingsource
  • February 10–19 – Second Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Amba Aradam – Italian forces gain a decisive tactical victory, effectively neutralizing the army of the Ethiopian Empire.source
  • February 29 – Prime Minister Keisuke Okada, a target in the February 26 incident, emerges from hiding.Japansource
  • April 15 – The Tulkarm shooting, followed by Jewish retaliation, begins the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against British administration, and stokes opposition to Jewish immigration.source
  • 23 April – With the commencement of the Arab revolt, the British authorities evacuate the Jewish community of Hebron as a precautionary measure to secure its members' safety, thus ending the Jewish presence of Hebron.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • May 5 – March of the Iron Will: Italian forces occupy Addis Ababa unopposed.source
  • 8 July – The Federal Government announces an increase in military training strength, in response to the rise of fascism in Europe.Australiasource
  • July 17 – The Spanish Army of Africa launches a coup d'état against the Republican Second Spanish Republic, beginning the Spanish Civil War.source
  • July 19 – The first of hundreds of concentration camps open in Francoist Spain in the Alcazaba of Zeluán.source
  • July 19 – July 1936 military uprising in BarcelonaSpainsource
  • July 24 – Carmelite Martyrs of Guadalajara: 3 nuns are shot dead by the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War).source
  • August 4 – A self-coup is staged by Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas, marking the beginning of the authoritarian 4th of August Regime, which will rule Greece until the Axis occupation of Greece in 1941.source
  • September 5 – Spanish Civil War: Robert Capa's photograph The Falling Soldier is taken.source
  • September 9 – 1936 Naval Revolt (Portugal): The crews of Portuguese Navy frigate NRP Afonso de Albuquerque and destroyer Dão mutiny while anchored in Lisbon Harbour. Opposed to the Salazar dictatorship's support of General Franco's coup in Spain, they declare their solidarity with the Second Spanish Republic.source
  • The government announces that all citizens of Poland who participate in Spanish Civil War will be deprived of their citizenship,Polandsource
  • The first German volunteers on the nationalist side of the Spanish civil war leave for Spain.Germanysource
  • 15–18 October – Religious riots in Bombay.Indiasource
  • Auckland Trotting Cup – King's WarriorNew Zealandsource

Exploration & Expansion

  • September 4–5 – English-born aviator Beryl Markham becomes the first woman to make an east-to-west solo transatlantic flight, from Abingdon-on-Thames, England, to Baleine, Nova Scotia.source
  • September 15 – The Empire Exhibition, South Africa opens in Johannesburg.South Africasource
  • 10 November – The High Court of Australia rules in the case of R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry, that the Commonwealth government's power to regulate interstate trade and commerce did not extend to intrastate trade and commerce.Australiasource
  • 20 November – The Maybury roadhouse opens on the outskirts of Edinburgh, a notable example of Art Deco by Paterson & Broom.Scotlandsource
  • November 25 – The Abraham Lincoln Brigade sails from New York City on its way to the Spanish Civil War.United Statessource
  • DeVlag (Deutsch-Vlämische Arbeitsgemeinschaft) founded to facilitate cultural exchange with Nazi GermanyBelgiumsource
  • Ballinger Belt – William Masefield (Blenheim)New Zealandsource
  • By the Bluest of Seas – directed by Boris BarnetSoviet Unionsource
  • Bertrand Russell - Which Way to Peace?Walessource

Religion & Belief

  • January – Remains of Father Damien shipped to Belgium for reburialBelgiumsource
  • 25 April – The Arab Higher Committee is established on the initiative of the Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Amin al-Husayni, to oppose British rule and Jewish claims in Palestine.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • 24 May – Romania wins the Balkan Cup for the third time, with Sándor Schwartz scoring the most goals in the tournament.Romaniasource
  • 7 June – First outdoors radio broadcast in Gaelic, a religious service from Iona Abbey, transmitted by the BBC.Scotlandsource
  • 14 July – Egil Børre Johnsen, writerNorwaysource
  • August 19–24 – Trial of the SixteenSoviet Unionsource
  • 12 November - Temple Entry Proclamation in Travancore.Indiasource
  • 26 November – The completion of Zhongshan Hall in Taihoku Prefecture.Taiwansource

Economy & Finance

  • 3 March – Legislative Assembly passed a motion to terminate the Ottawa trade agreement.Indiasource
  • May - Colonial Secretary Jimmy Thomas is forced to resign from politics after a scandal involving Stock Exchange dealings.Walessource
  • 1 July – Australian National Airways is registered as a company.Australiasource
  • 10 August - The Icelandic Airline is founded.Icelandsource
  • 6 December Anthon B. Nilsen, businessman, politician and author (born 1855)Norwaysource
  • The British Air Ministry forms a new aircraft factory in Belfast, creating a new company owned 50% each by Harland and Wolff and Short Brothers, Short & Harland Ltd.Northern Irelandsource
  • Lawrence Warehouse Company, based in San Francisco, California has an initial public stock offering.United Statessource
  • Kate Roberts (author) - Traed mewn cyffionWalessource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • March 1 – Construction of Hoover Dam is completed in the United States.source
  • March 18–21. Strike action at Polish Rubber Factory Semperit in Kraków,Polandsource
  • 16 May – Ford Romania open their factory in Bucharest capable of assembling 2,500 cars a year.Romaniasource
  • 02 June - An attempt by rebels to derail a train bringing the 2nd Battalion Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment from Egypt led to the railways being put under guard, placing a great strain on the security forces at Nablus.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • June 26 – Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first fully controllable helicopter, makes its maiden flight.source
  • 8 September: Radio Broadcasting was nationalizedTurkeysource
  • November 2 – The BBC launches the world's first regular television service in high-definition (according to contemporary standards).source
  • November 2 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) begins radio in Canada.source
  • November 12 – In California, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.source
  • Allá en el Rancho Grande, directed by Fernando de Fuentes and starring Tito Guízar and Esther Fernández; beginning of the Golden Age of Mexican cinemaMexicosource
  • Construction begins on the BBC's Broadcasting House, Belfast.Northern Irelandsource
  • Second Five-Year Plan underwaySoviet Unionsource
  • RSI Rete Uno, (Network One), a primary radio channelSwitzerlandsource

Science & Discovery

  • February 4 – Radium E (bismuth-210) becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.source
  • March 12 – Ukichiro Nakaya creates the first artificial snow crystal.Japansource
  • 1 May – Natal – Point to Congella, 1 mi 52 ch.South Africasource
  • May 28 - Alan Turing submits "On Computable Numbers", proving the undecidability of the Halting problem and the decision problem for logic. Computer scientist Avi Wigderson called this paper "easily the most influential math paper in history".source
  • June 19 – The total solar eclipse of June 19, 1936 is visible in Greece, Turkey, Russia and Japan. It is part of Solar Saros 126; Gamma is a value of 0.53889.source
  • July 4 – First publication recognizing stress as a biological condition.source
  • 30 August — Ernest Nash flees Germany for Rome.Germanysource
  • October 19 – H. R. Ekins, reporter for the New York World-Telegram, wins a race to travel around the world on commercial airline flights, beating Dorothy Kilgallen of the New York Journal and Leo Kieran of The New York Times. The flight takes 18½ days.source
  • October 19 – H.R. Ekins, reporter for the New York World-Telegram, wins a race to travel around the world on commercial airline flights, beating Dorothy Kilgallen of the New York Journal and Leo Kieran of The New York Times. The flight takes 18 ½ days.United Statessource
  • 30 November – Johan Turi, first Sami author to publish work (born 1854)Norwaysource
  • Nestlé introduce the white chocolate Milkybar (called Galak in Continental Europe and elsewhere).source
  • "Dawn Song" for piano and cello or viol published by Australian Composer Louis Isodore LavaterAustraliasource
  • Edwin Muir publishes Scott and Scotland.Scotlandsource
  • Ambrose Bebb - Crwydro'r CyfandirWalessource

Health & Medicine

  • January 6 – Barbara Hanley is elected mayor of Webbwood, Ontario, becoming the first female mayor in CanadaCanadasource
  • 17 February – Ole Nikolai Ingebrigtsen Strømme, politician and Minister (born 1876)Norwaysource
  • February 17 – The first superhero to wear a skin-tight costume and mask, The Phantom, makes his appearance in U.S. newspapers.United Statessource
  • 31 July – Public Health Act empowers local authorities to make byelaws regulating building construction.United Kingdomsource
  • September 13 – In response to a polio outbreak, Chicago Public Schools launches a distance education program which constitutes the first large-scale use of radio broadcasts to facilitate distance education.source
  • 20 October – British woman Mabel Freer is refused entry to Australia on morality grounds, sparking a political controversy.Australiasource
  • October - Saunders Lewis courts further controversy by appearing to praise Adolf Hitler.Walessource
  • November – Punjabi-born Dr. Jainti Dass Saggar becomes the first non-White local authority councillor in Scotland, being elected for the Scottish Labour Party in Dundee.Scotlandsource
  • December 7 – Streptococcous meningitis (a condition previously 99% fatal) is successfully treated for the first time with a sulfonamide.source
  • Public Order Act is introduced, giving the Chief Constable power to impose conditions on parades or public processions if it is believed that they would lead to public disorder.Northern Irelandsource

Crime & Justice

  • March 2–8. Strike action at Polish-Swiss Chocolate Factory Philippe Suchard in Kraków,Polandsource
  • May 18 – Sada Abe strangled her lover with an obi and then cut off his genitals to carry around with her as a souvenir. When the crime was discovered the next day it became a national sensation and would be the subject of many books and movies over the decades to follow.Japansource
  • 5 June – Ana Pauker and eighteen other Communist activists are put on trial in Craiova.Romaniasource
  • 25 October – Arnfinn Nesset, nurse and serial killerNorwaysource
  • October–November - Suiyuan CampaignChinasource
  • November 19 and 20 – Buenaventura Durruti, a major Spanish anarchist, is fatally shot in Madrid, dying the following day.source
  • December 12 – Xi'an Incident: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China is kidnapped by Marshal Zhang Xueliang.source
  • The Viking Age craftsman's Mästermyr chest is discovered in the Mästermyr mire (after which it is later named), west of Hemse, on the island of Gotland, Sweden.source
  • Joseph Stalin's Great Purge begins in the Soviet Union.source
  • Noites Cariocas, directed and written by Enrique Cadícamo and featuring Grande Otelo.Brazilsource
  • The Chatham Cup is won by Western of Christchurch who beat Auckland Thistle 3–2 in the final.New Zealandsource
  • Girl Friends – directed by Lev ArnshtamSoviet Unionsource

Disasters & Accidents

  • April 12 – The Moose River Gold Mines collapse in Nova ScotiaCanadasource
  • May 25 – The Remington Rand strike of 1936–37 begins, spawning the notorious Mohawk Valley formula, a corporate plan for strikebreaking.source
  • 2 August – Tour de France ends, won by Sylvère Maes of Belgium.Francesource
  • 6 August – An underground explosion at Wharncliffe Woodmoor Colliery in South Yorkshire kills 58.United Kingdomsource
  • 30 August – Train derails near Paraparaumu due to a landslide in heavy rain.New Zealandsource
  • 19 November - Dowlais Ironworks ceases steel production at its original Dowlais works. On a visit to the depressed areas of the South Wales Valleys King Edward VIII comments that "These works brought all these people here. Something should be done to get them at work again." The remark is much misquoted.Walessource
  • November 20 – A levee failure and continued massive rain at the Mitsubishi Osarizawa mine, Kazuno, northeastern Akita, Japan, results in at least 375 deaths.source
  • November 20 – Mitsubishi Osarizawa mine and Nakazawa dam collapse by heavy rain, total 362 persons fatalities in Akita Prefecture, according to Japanese government official confirmed report.Japansource
  • November 30 – A spectacular fire destroys The Crystal Palace in London, originally built for the 1851 Great Exhibition.source
  • 30 November – The Crystal Palace in south London is destroyed in a fire.United Kingdomsource
  • 9 December – A KLM (Netherlands airline) Douglas DC-2 airliner crashes in Purley shortly after takeoff from Croydon Airport, killing 14 (including Juan de la Cierva and Admiral Arvid Lindman) with just two survivors.United Kingdomsource

Climate & Environment

  • February 21 – According to USGS official report, a Richer scale 6.0 earthquake hit on Mount Nijō, Nara Prefecture, according to Japanese government official confirmed report, kills nine persons and injures 59 persons.Japansource
  • March 17–18 – Pittsburgh Flood of 1936 ("St. Patrick's Day Flood"): Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, suffers the worst flooding in its history.United Statessource
  • April 5 – A tornado hits Tupelo, Mississippi, United States, killing 216 people and injuring over 700 (the 4th deadliest tornado in U.S. history).source
  • April 5 – A tornado hits Tupelo, Mississippi, killing 216 and injuring over 700 (the 4th deadliest tornado in U.S. history).United Statessource
  • June 19 – Per Albin Hansson resigns as Prime Minister of Sweden, over the issue of defence policy. He is replaced by the leader of the Farmer's League (Bondeförbundet) Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp, who also becomes Minister of Agriculture.source
  • July 13–14 – Peak of July 1936 heat wave: The U.S. states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana all set new state records for high temperature. At Mio in northern Michigan, it soars to 113 °F.United Statessource
  • 13 September – A major rockfall hit the lake Loenvatnet in Sogn og Fjordane, creating a 70 m flood wave that destroyed several farms, killing 74 people. The second such incident in 31 years, the disaster caused the permanent depopulation of the area.Norwaysource
  • 22 October - A magnitude 5.5 earthquake strikes 103 km NNW of Siglufjörður, causing light to moderate shaking across the northern and western regions.Icelandsource
  • November 3 – 1936 United States presidential election: Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected to a second term, in a landslide victory over Kansas Governor Alf Landon; farmers support Roosevelt.source
  • November 3 – U.S. presidential election, 1936: Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected to a second term in a landslide victory over Republican governor of Kansas Alf Landon.United Statessource
  • West China Famine: An estimated five million people die.source
  • Ivor Novello - Careless RaptureWalessource

Culture & Society

  • January 28 – State funeral of George V of the United Kingdom. After a procession through London, he is buried at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.source
  • February 5 – Modern Times, widely considered one of the greatest films ever, premieres in New York City.source
  • February 6 – The IV Olympic Winter Games open in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.source
  • The literary review Claridade was first publishedCape Verdesource
  • May 2 – El Diario de Hoy newspaper began publication.El Salvadorsource
  • May 16–17. Left-wing intellectuals gather to participate in the Lwów Anti-Fascist Congress of Cultural Workers.Polandsource
  • August 1 – The 1936 Summer Olympics open in Berlin, Germany, and mark the first live television coverage of an international sports event in world history (John Logie Baird had broadcast the Derby horse race in Britain in 1931).source
  • August 1–August 16 – Japan competes at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. Japan wins six gold medals, four silvers, and eight Bronze.Japansource
  • August 1-16 – The Philippines competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. 28 competitors, all men, take part in 20 events in 6 sports.Philippinessource
  • August 3 – 1936 Summer Olympics: African-American athlete Jesse Owens wins the 100-meter dash.source
  • August 14 – 1936 Summer Olympics: The Junior Varsity Rowing Crew from the University of Washington surprises the world listening on radio when they come from behind to win Olympic Gold.source
  • September 10 – The first World Speedway Championship is held at Wembley Stadium in London, England. It is won by Australian Lionel Van Praag, with Englishman Eric Langton second and Australian Bluey Wilkinson third.source
  • 1 November – Louis MacNeice's translation of The Agamemnon of Aeschylus is premiered in London.Northern Irelandsource
  • November 23 – Cover date of the first issue of Life, a weekly news magazine launched in the United States under the management of Henry Luce.source
  • December 24 – The first filmed Ukrainian opera, Natalka Poltavka, is released in Ukraine.source
  • 1–16 August: Bolivia competes in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.Boliviasource
  • Tallinn Technical Institute (later Tallinn University of Technology) is founded.Estoniasource
  • Circus – directed by Grigori AleksandrovSoviet Unionsource

Births

  • January 6 - Nida Blanca, Filipina actress (died 2001)Philippinessource
  • February 11 – Burt Reynolds, American actor (died 2018)source
  • February 17 – Jim Brown, African-American football player and actor (died 2023)source
  • February 17 – Stipe Šuvar, sociologist and politician (died 2004)Croatiasource
  • March 4 – Jim Clark, Scottish race car driver (died 1968)source
  • March 11 – Antonin Scalia, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 2016)source
  • March 18 – F. W. de Klerk, 7th and last State President of South Africa (died 2021)source
  • May 27 – Louis Gossett Jr., African-American actor (died 2024)source
  • 26 June - Lee Ming-liang, Minister of Department of Health (2000–2002)Taiwansource
  • August 1 – Yves Saint Laurent, Algerian-born French fashion designer (died 2008)source
  • August 29 – John McCain, American politician, U.S. Senator (R-Az.) (died 2018)source
  • September 24 – Jim Henson, American puppeteer, filmmaker and television producer (The Muppets) (died 1990)source
  • September 29 – Silvio Berlusconi, 50th Prime Minister of Italy, media entrepreneur (died 2023)source
  • October 5 – Václav Havel, Czech playwright, writer and politician, 10th President of Czechoslovakia and 1st President of the Czech Republic (died 2011)source
  • October 16 – Andrei Chikatilo, Soviet serial killer (died 1994)source
  • 24 October – Jüri Arrak, Estonian painterEstoniasource
  • November 30 – Eric Walter Elst, Belgian astronomer (died 2022)source
  • December 17 – Pope Francis (died 2025)source

Deaths

  • January 18 – Rudyard Kipling, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1865)source
  • January 20 – King George V of the United Kingdom (born 1865)source
  • February 19 – Billy Mitchell, American general, military aviation pioneer (born 1879)source
  • February 26 – February 26 Incident (二・二六事件, Niniroku Jiken): The Imperial Way Faction engineers a failed coup against the Japanese government; some politicians are killed.source
  • March 18 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek statesman, several times Prime Minister (born 1864)source
  • 19 April – Twenty Jews are killed in riots following the funeral of two Jews murdered on 15 April in Jaffa and calls for a general strike begin in Nablus, marking the beginning of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against British rule and mass Jewish immigration.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • June 11 – Robert E. Howard, American pulp fiction writer (suicide) (born 1906)source
  • June 14 – G. K. Chesterton, English author (born 1874)source
  • June 18 – Maxim Gorky, Russian writer (born 1868)source
  • 13 July – Fatma Aliye Topuz (born in 1862), one of the earliest female novelistsTurkeysource
  • August 25 – Grigory Zinoviev, Soviet politician (born 1883)source
  • August 25 – Lev Kamenev, Grigory Zinoviev and Ivan Nikitich SmirnovSoviet Unionsource
  • September 7 – The last known thylacine ("Tasmanian tiger"), named Benjamin, dies in Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.source
  • October 3 – John Heisman, American football coach (born 1869)source
  • October 12 – Shuja ul-Mulk, Indian ruler (born 1881)source
  • November 20 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (born 1896)source
  • December 18 – Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Spanish engineer, a pioneer of computing and radio control, inventor of El Ajedrecista (The Chess Player) (born 1852)source
  • December 18 – Andrija Mohorovičić, meteorologist and seismologist (born 1857)Croatiasource