1917 CE

The Zimmermann Telegram reveals Germany's secret offer to Mexico, helping push the United States into World War I; The Russian Revolution sees the fall of Tsar Nicholas II and the rise of Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks, beginning the Russian Civil War; France's Nivelle Offensive fails, causing huge losses and mutinies; The Battle of Passchendaele inflicts over half a million casualties in Flanders with little gain; The Battle of Jerusalem ends with British capture of the city from the Ottoman Empire; The Halifax Explosion devastates the Canadian port city when a munitions ship detonates, killing nearly 2,000 people and leveling much of Halifax.

In the 1910s, the 20th century.

1917 at a glance

World population
about 1.85 billion Our World in Data
U.S. president
Woodrow Wilson Wikidata
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, head of state
George V Wikidata
Canada, head of government
Robert Borden Wikidata
$1 in 1917
$26.27 in September 2026 dollars BLS CPI-U

Born in 1917? What it cost, who led, what was No. 1 →

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • 4 January – First cabinet of Jón MagnússonIcelandsource
  • February 1 – WWI: Atlantic U-boat Campaign: Germany announces its U-boats will resume unrestricted submarine warfare, rescinding the Sussex Pledge'.source
  • February 5 – The new and current constitution is adopted.Mexicosource
  • March 2 – The enactment of the Jones Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.source
  • March 4 – Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first woman member of the United States House of Representatives.source
  • March 11 – Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza is elected president of Mexico; the United States gives de jure recognition of his government.source
  • March 12 – The Russian Duma declares a Provisional Government. It is dissolved 4 months later.source
  • March 31 – The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies, which become the US Virgin Islands, after paying $25 million to Denmark.source
  • April 8 (N.S.) (March 26, O.S.) – In Petrograd, 40,000 ethnic Estonians demand national autonomy within Russia.source
  • 11 April - Brazil breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany.Brazilsource
  • April 12 (N.S.) (March 30 O.S.) – The Autonomous Governorate of Estonia is formed within Russia, from the Governorate of Estonia and the northern part of the Governorate of Livonia.source
  • April 26 – Agreement of St.-Jean-de-Maurienne between France, Italy and the United Kingdom, signed at Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. Drafted by the Italian Foreign Minister Sidney Sonnino, as a tentative agreement to settle its Middle Eastern interest, the agreement was needed by the allies to secure the position of Italian forces in the Middle East and to balance the military power drops at the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I as Russian (Tsarist) forces were pulling out of the Caucasus Campaign. Italy would receive a part of southwestern Anatolia, including İzmir (Smyrna).Italysource
  • May 18 – WWI: The Selective Service Act passes the United States Congress, giving the President the power of conscription.source
  • June 11 – King Constantine I of Greece abdicates for the first time, being succeeded by his son Alexander.source
  • 25 June – the Juntas de Defensa made their manifesto public.Spainsource
  • July 17 – King George V of the United Kingdom issues a proclamation, stating that thenceforth the male line descendants of the British royal family will bear the surname Windsor, vice the Germanic bloodline of House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (an offshoot of the historic (800+ years) House of Wettin).source
  • July 20 – (July 7, O.S.) – Alexander Kerensky becomes premier of the Russian Provisional Government, replacing Prince Georgy Lvov.source
  • July 20 – The Parliament of Finland, with a Social Democratic majority, passes a "Sovereignty Act", declaring itself, as the representative of the Finnish people, sovereign over the Grand Duchy of Finland. The Russian Provisional Government does not recognize the act, as it would have devolved Russian sovereignty over Finland, formerly exercised by the Russian Emperor as Grand Duke of Finland, and alter the relationship between Finland and Russia into a real union, with Russia solely responsible for the defence and foreign relations of an independent Finland.source
  • July 20 – The Corfu Declaration, which enables the establishment of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and the Kingdom of Serbia.source
  • July 30 – The Parliament of Finland is dissolved by the Russian Provisional Government. New elections are held in the autumn, resulting in a bourgeois majority.source
  • August 29 – WWI: The Military Service Act is passed in the House of Commons of Canada, giving the Government of Canada the right to conscript men into the army.source
  • September 13: Romania establishes diplomatic relations with Japan. King Ferdinand names Nicolae Xenopol as plenipotentiary minister to Tokyo.Romaniasource
  • September 14 (September 1 Old Style) – Russia is declared a republic by the Provisional Government.source
  • November 2 – Zionism: The British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour makes the Balfour Declaration, proclaiming British support for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people..., it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities".source
  • November 2 – Lansing–Ishii AgreementJapansource
  • November 7 – Women's Suffrage in the United States: Women win the right to vote in New York State.source
  • November 15 – (N.S.) (November 2, O.S.) – The Provincial Assembly of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia declares itself the highest legal body in Estonia, in opposition to Bolsheviks.source
  • November 16 – Georges Clemenceau becomes prime minister of France.source
  • December 6 – The Senate of Finland officially declares the country's independence from Russia.source
  • 6 December – Finnish Declaration of Independence: Finland declares its independence from the Russian Empire following the Bolsheviks taking power.Finlandsource
  • December 23 (N.S.) (December 10, O.S.) – A local plebiscite supports transferring Narva and Ivangorod (Jaanilinn) from the Petrograd Governorate, to the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.source
  • December – Annie Besant becomes president of the Indian National Congress.source

Conflict & Security

  • 24 February – Walter Hines Page, United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, is shown the intercepted Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany offers to give the American Southwest back to Mexico, if Mexico will take sides with Germany when the United States declares war on Germany.Germanysource
  • February 24 – WWI: United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, Walter H. Page, is shown the intercepted Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany offers to give the American Southwest back to Mexico if Mexico declares war on the United States.Mexicosource
  • February 24 – World War I: United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, Walter H. Page, is shown the intercepted Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany offers to give Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico back to Mexico if Mexico declares war on the United States.United Statessource
  • March 26 – WWI: First Battle of Gaza – British Egyptian Expeditionary Force troops virtually encircle the Gaza garrison, but are then ordered to withdraw, leaving the city to the Ottoman defenders.source
  • April 16 – WWI: The Nivelle Offensive commences.source
  • April 17 – WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the Second Battle of Gaza. This unsuccessful frontal attack on strong Ottoman defences along with the first battle, results in 10,000 casualties, the dismissal of force commander General Archibald Murray, and the beginning of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.source
  • 1 May – The New Zealand Rifle Brigade (Earl of Liverpool's Own) is formed as the 3rd Brigade of the New Zealand Division, part of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force.New Zealandsource
  • May 15 – Robert Nivelle is replaced as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army, by Philippe Pétain.source
  • July 1 – WWI: Russian General Brusilov begins the major Kerensky offensive in Galicia, initially advancing towards Lemberg.source
  • July 6 – Battle of Aqaba: Arabian troops, led by T. E. Lawrence, capture Aqaba from the Ottoman Empire.source
  • July 28 – The Silent Parade is organized by the NAACP in New York City, to protest the East St. Louis massacre of early July, as well as lynchings in Tennessee and Texas.source
  • July 31 – WWI: Battle of Passchendaele ("Third Battle of Ypres") – Allied offensive operations commence in Flanders.source
  • August 6-September 8: Battle of Mărășești. The largest battle to take part on the Romanian front during World War I.Romaniasource
  • September 26–October 3 – WWI: Battle of Polygon Wood (part of the Battle of Passchendaele) near Ypres in Belgium – British and Australian troops capture positions from the Germans.source
  • The Castle of Good Hope in Cape Town is handed over to the South African Defence Force.South Africasource
  • 23 October - The Brazilian freighter Macau, one of the vessels seized in the course of the war, was torpedoed by the German submarine SM U-93 near the coast of Spain, and the captain taken prisoner.Brazilsource
  • October 27 – WWI: Battle of Buqqar Ridge – Ottoman forces attack British Desert Mounted Corps units garrisoning El-Buqqar Ridge, during the last days of the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.source
  • October 31 – WWI: Battle of Beersheba – The British XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps (Egyptian Expeditionary Force) attack and capture Beersheba from Ottoman forces, ending the stalemate in Southern Palestine. The battle includes a rare (by this date) mounted charge, by Australian mounted infantry.source
  • November 1 – The British Desert Mounted Corps begins the Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe, in the direction of Hebron and Jerusalem.source
  • November 5 (N.S.) (October 23, O.S.) – Estonian and Russian Bolsheviks seize power in Tallinn, Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, two days before the October Revolution in Petrograd.source
  • November 6 – WWI: The Battle of Hareira and Sheria is launched by the British XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps, against the central Ottoman defences protecting the Gaza to Beersheba Road.source
  • November 7 – Iran (which has provided weapons for Russia) refuses to support the Allied Forces after the October Revolution.source
  • November 7 – WWI: The Battle of Hareira and Sheria continues, when the XX Corps and Desert Mounted Corps capture Hareira and Sheria, marking the end of the Ottoman Gaza to Beersheba line.source
  • November 7 – WWI – Third Battle of Gaza: The British Army XXI Corps occupies Gaza, after the Ottoman garrison withdraws.source
  • November 7 – (N.S.) (October 25, O.S.) – October Revolution in Russia: The workers of the Petrograd Soviet in Russia, led by the Bolshevik Party and leader Vladimir Lenin, storm the Winter Palace and successfully destroy the Kerensky Provisional Government after less than eight months of rule. This immediately triggers the Russian Civil War.source
  • November 7 – Iran refuses to support the Allied Forces after the October Revolution.Russiasource
  • 7 November – World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends – British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.United Kingdomsource
  • November 10 – The Italian front on the Piave effectively resist the enemy offensive, despite superior resources and manpower employed by the Austro-Germans. The Germans gradually withdraw their military contingent from the Italian front in the following month to prepare for the great offensive in the spring of 1918 on the Western Front.Italysource
  • November 13 – The ANZAC Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) successfully fights the Battle of Ayun Kara, in the aftermath of the Battle of Mughar Ridge against strong German rearguards.source
  • November 13 – Battle of Mughar Ridge: The British Imperial Egyptian Expeditionary Force attacks retreating Ottoman-German Yildirim Army Group forces, resulting in the capture of 10,000 Ottoman prisoners, 100 guns and 50 mi of Palestine territory.source
  • November 16 – WWI: Battle of Ayun Kara: The ANZAC Mounted Division occupies Jaffa.source
  • November 17 – WWI: The Battle of Jerusalem (1917) begins, with the British Imperial Egyptian Expeditionary Force launching attacks against Ottoman forces in the Judean Hills.source
  • November 23 – The Bolsheviks release the full text of the previously secret Sykes–Picot Agreement of 1916 in Izvestia and Pravda; it is printed in the Manchester Guardian on November 26.source
  • December 9 – Battle of Jerusalem: The British Egyptian Expeditionary Force accepts the surrender of Jerusalem by the mayor, Hussein al-Husayni, following the effective defeat of the Ottoman-German Yildirim Army Group.source
  • December 11 – WWI: General Edmund Allenby leads units of the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force into Jerusalem on foot through, the Jaffa Gate.source
  • December 30 – WWI: The British Egyptian Expeditionary Force secures the victory at the Battle of Jerusalem, by successfully defending Jerusalem from numerous counterattacks by the Ottoman-German Yildirim Army Group.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • January 10 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: Seven survivors of the Ross Sea party are rescued after being stranded for several months.source
  • January 16 – The SS Mendi, a troopship, sets sail from Cape Town to Le Havre, France, transporting 823 members of the 802nd South African Native Labour Corps.South Africasource
  • February 5 – The U.S. Army force under command of John J. Pershing reached Columbus, New Mexico, ending the Pancho Villa Expedition.United Statessource
  • 1 May – Imperial German Navy Zeppelins L 43 and L 45 conduct reconnaissance patrols over the North Sea off the coast of Scotland, above the Firth of Forth and Aberdeen, respectively.Scotlandsource
  • May 22 – The Commissioned Officer Corps of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey is established.source
  • 20 June – Natal – Gingindlovu to Eshowe, 20 mi 2 ch.South Africasource
  • 18 July – The Rotary Club opens its first branch in Wales, at Cardiff. It is followed on 28 September by a branch at Llanelli.Walessource
  • September – Hugh Evan-Thomas is promoted to vice-admiral.Walessource
  • Pancho Villa Expedition (1916–17)United Statessource

Religion & Belief

  • 18 January – "Manifiesto de la Liga Antigermanófila" ('Manifesto of the Anti-Germanophile League') published in La España.Spainsource
  • 12 February – Reverend William Campbell returns to China.Taiwansource
  • February 25 – At a national congress of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) in Rome the division between reformists and hard-liners increases; only the approval of an agenda proposed by Costantino Lazzari manages to avoid fracture.Italysource
  • March 10 – The Province of Batangas is formally founded, as one of the Philippines' first encomiendas.source
  • 1 May – Emilius Seghers consecrated as bishop of GhentBelgiumsource
  • May 13 – Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII, is consecrated Archbishop by Pope Benedict XV.source
  • May 27 – Pope Benedict XV promulgates the 1917 Code of Canon Law.source
  • August 13 – Rafael Moreno Valle, military physician, politician (PRI), Governor of Puebla (1969-1974) (died 2016).Mexicosource
  • October 13 – The Miracle of the Sun is reported at Fátima, Portugal.source
  • 13 October – Miracle of the Sun near FátimaPortugalsource
  • November 8 (N.S.) (October 26, O.S.) – Following the October Revolution, Alexandra Kollontai is appointed People's Commissar for Social Welfare in the Council of People's Commissars of the Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the first woman cabinet minister in Europe.source
  • The True Jesus Church is established in Beijing.source
  • Jón Helgason became the seventh Bishop of Iceland, following the death of Þórhallur Bjarnarson the previous year.Icelandsource
  • Following the October Revolution, Alexandra Kollontai is appointed People's Commissar for Social Welfare in the Council of People's Commissars of the Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, making her the first woman cabinet minister in Europe.Russiasource

Economy & Finance

  • 20 March – A motion to reduce the salary of the British prime minister by £100 was introduced in the British House of Commons as a protest against the refusal to publish the proceedings of the 1916 Easter Rising courts martial.Irelandsource
  • 11 April – Rasmus Høydahl Ohme, marketer (born 1865)Norwaysource
  • June 13 – Phillips Petroleum Company incorporated in Oklahoma.United Statessource
  • July 25 – Sir William Thomas White introduces Canada's first income tax as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).source
  • 21 August – most provisions of Corn Production Act 1917 come into force. This guarantees minimum prices for wheat and oats and specifies a minimum wage for agricultural workers.United Kingdomsource
  • Gold mining company Anglo American Corporation is founded by Ernest Oppenheimer.South Africasource
  • October 19 – Carl Swartz leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after dismal election results for the right-wing in the Riksdag elections in September. He is replaced by liberal leader and history professor Nils Edén.source
  • Confederation of Salaried EmployeesFinlandsource
  • German company Viessmann is founded.Germanysource
  • Post Office Cash Certificates ActIndiasource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • 1 February – Georg Andreas Bull, architect and chief building inspector (born 1829)Norwaysource
  • March 1 – WWI: The U.S. government releases the text of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.source
  • 20 March – Lieutenant Frank Hubert McNamara becomes the first Australian airman to receive the Victoria Cross.Australiasource
  • April 16 – (N.S.) (April 3, O.S.) – Vladimir Lenin arrives at the Finland Station in Petrograd after a German-sponsored voyage in a sealed train from his exile in Switzerland through Germany and Scandinavia.source
  • April 16 – (N.S.) (April 3, O.S.) – Vladimir Lenin arrives at the Finland Station in Petrograd.Russiasource
  • April – Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki, the first anime, is released in Japan.source
  • April – The first Caudron biplane purchased by Henry Wigram for the Canterbury Aviation Company arrives.New Zealandsource
  • May 23 – WWI: During the Stalemate in Southern Palestine, the Raid on the Beersheba to Hafir el Auja railway by the British Desert Column takes place: large sections of the railway line linking Beersheba to the main Ottoman desert base are destroyed.source
  • 24 July – Construction of the Yilan line began.Taiwansource
  • The Industrial Workers of Africa, South Africa's first predominantly black trade union, is established in Johannesburg.South Africasource
  • October 19 – Dallas Love Field Airport is opened in Texas.source
  • November 22 – In Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the National Hockey Association suspends operations.source
  • December 3 – After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, the Quebec Bridge opens to traffic (the bridge partially collapsed on August 29, 1907 and September 11, 1916).source
  • December 19 – Montreal Wanderers defeat the Toronto Arenas in the first NHL game.Canadasource
  • December 26 – United States President Woodrow Wilson uses the Federal Possession and Control Act to place most U.S. railroads under the United States Railroad Administration, hoping to transport troops and materials for the war effort more efficiently.source
  • The Portuguese Naval Aviation establishedPortugalsource

Science & Discovery

  • 5 March – Natal – Izingolweni to Harding (narrow gauge), 39 mi 56 ch.South Africasource
  • May 13–October 13 (at monthly intervals) – 10-year-old Lúcia Santos and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto report experiencing a series of Marian apparitions near Fátima, Portugal, which become known as Our Lady of Fátima.source
  • Genealogical Society of FinlandFinlandsource
  • New Zealand Trotting Cup – Adelaide DirectNew Zealandsource
  • Sergei Rachmaninoff - Études-Tableaux, Op. 39Russiasource
  • Announced 12 November 1918; presented 1 June 1920 – Charles Glover Barkla wins the 1917 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements."United Kingdomsource
  • Nuclear fission: Ernest Rutherford (at the Victoria University of Manchester) achieves nuclear transmutation, the first observation of a nuclear reaction, in which he also discovers and names the proton.United Kingdomsource
  • Mary Edith Nepean – Gwyneth of the Welsh HillsWalessource
  • Papur Pawb ceases publication.Walessource

Health & Medicine

  • January 25 – An anti-prostitution drive in San Francisco attracts huge crowds to public meetings. At one meeting attended by 7,000 people, 20,000 are kept out for lack of room. In a conference with Rev. Paul Smith, an outspoken foe of prostitution, 300 prostitutes make a plea for toleration, explaining they had been forced into the practice by poverty. When Smith asks if they will take other work at $8 to $10 a week, the ladies laugh derisively, which loses them public sympathy. The police close about 200 houses of prostitution shortly thereafter.United Statessource
  • 16 May – Ole Olsen Malm, physician, veterinarian, civil servant and politician (born 1854).Norwaysource
  • June 21 – Aubin Arsenault becomes premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing John MathiesonCanadasource
  • August 17 – One of English literature's important meetings takes place, when Wilfred Owen introduces himself to Siegfried Sassoon at the Craiglockhart War Hospital in Edinburgh.source
  • 17 August – one of English literature's most important and famous meetings takes place when Wilfred Owen introduces himself to fellow poet Siegfried Sassoon at Craiglockhart War Hospital in Edinburgh.Scotlandsource
  • August: The government introduces conscription triggering the Conscription Crisis of 1917Canadasource
  • November 17 – The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals is founded in the United Kingdom.source
  • 1 December – Six o’clock closing of hotel bars is introduced as a wartime measure.New Zealandsource
  • 31 December – World War I: British government imposes rationing of sugar (8 oz per person per week).United Kingdomsource
  • Due to World War I the Italian population declined by 234,978 peopleItalysource

Crime & Justice

  • January 28 – The United States ends its search for Pancho Villa.source
  • February 13 – Mata Hari is arrested in Paris for spying.source
  • 16 March – Governor-General of Finland Franz Albert Seyn is removed from his office and arrestedFinlandsource
  • April 17 – Leon Trotsky, en route from New York to Russia, is detained in Halifax. He will spend the next month in Amherst Internment Camp before being released.Canadasource
  • 11 May – Andreas Bloch, caricaturist (born 1860)Norwaysource
  • May 22 – Ell Persons is lynched in Memphis, in connection with the rape and murder of 16-year-old Antoinette Rappal.source
  • July 12 – Bisbee Deportation: The Phelps Dodge Corporation has over 1,000 suspected IWW members from its metal mines deported from Bisbee, Arizona.source
  • July 16–18 – July Days: Serious clashes occur in Petrograd; Vladimir Lenin escapes to Finland; Leon Trotsky is arrested.source
  • July 16–July 18 – Clashes in Petrograd in July Days; Lenin escapes to Finland; Trotsky is arrested.Russiasource
  • The first Cottingley Fairies photographs are taken in Yorkshire, England, apparently depicting fairies (a hoax not admitted by the child creators until 1981).source
  • 23 August – start of lockout at Pullars dyeing works in Perth.Scotlandsource
  • Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1917–1919)Italysource
  • Auckland Trotting Cup – Steel Bell (2nd win)New Zealandsource
  • The child serial killer Hilda Nilsson is put on trial.Swedensource

Disasters & Accidents

  • January 13: Ciurea rail disaster. The worst rail accident in Romanian history and third worst in the history of the world, with most estimates falling between 800 and 1000 deaths.Romaniasource
  • January 25 – WWI: British armed merchantman SS Laurentic is sunk by mines off Lough Swilly (Ireland), with the loss of 354 of the 475 aboard.source
  • 29 January – Royal Navy steam-powered submarine HMS K13 sinks on trial in the Gare Loch with the loss of 32 men; 48 are rescued.Scotlandsource
  • March 8 – WWI: Norwegian tramp SS Storstad (the ship that rammed and sank RMS Empress of Ireland in 1914) is torpedoed and sunk by SM U-62 in the Atlantic with the loss of 3 crew members. — N.S.source
  • April 10 – Eddystone explosion: an explosion at an ammunition plant near Chester, Pennsylvania, kills 139, mostly female workers.source
  • May 21 – Over 300 acres (73 blocks) are destroyed in the Great Atlanta fire of 1917 in the United States.source
  • June 8 – Speculator Mine disaster: A fire at the Granite Mountain and Speculator ore mine, outside Butte, Montana, kills at least 168 workers.source
  • June 8 – Speculator Mine disaster: a fire at the Granite Mountain and Speculator ore mine outside Butte, Montana kills 168 workers.United Statessource
  • August 2 – Squadron Commander E.H. Dunning lands his aircraft on the ship HMS Furious in Scapa Flow, Orkney. He is killed 5 days later during another landing on the ship.source
  • August 18 – The Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 in Greece destroys 32% of the city, leaving 70,000 individuals homeless.source
  • October 23 – A Brazilian ship is destroyed by a German U-boat, encouraging Brazil to enter World War I.source
  • 1 November - A mob damages German property in Petropolis, including the restaurant Brahma (completely destroyed), the Gesellschaft Germania, the German school, the company Arp, and the German Journal.Brazilsource
  • November 24 – A bomb kills 9 members of the Milwaukee Police Department, the most deaths in a single event in U.S. police history (until the September 11 attacks in 2001).source
  • November – Ten Class 16B 4-6-2 Pacific type passenger steam locomotives.South Africasource
  • December 6 – Halifax Explosion: Two freighters collide in Halifax Harbour at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1,963 people, injures 9,000 and destroys part of the city (the biggest man-made explosion in recorded history until the Trinity nuclear test in 1945).source
  • December 6 – WWI: U.S. Navy destroyer USS Jacob Jones is torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of the British Isles by German submarine SMU U-53, killing 66 crew in the first significant American naval loss of the war, the first ever U.S. destroyer loss to an enemy.source
  • December 6: Halifax Explosion kills 1,900 people and injures 9,000. The largest ever man-made explosion pre-Hiroshima atomic bomb.Canadasource
  • 12 December – The Royal Australian Navy battlecruiser HMAS Australia is damaged in a collision with the British cruiser HMS Repulse.Australiasource
  • 27 December – The steamship Adela is torpedoed by a German U-boat off the Skerries, Anglesey, resulting in the deaths of 24 crew.Walessource

Climate & Environment

  • 5 January – The deadliest part of the 1916–1917 Nantou earthquakes occurred, registering at 6.2 on the Richter scale with a shallow hypocentre, killing 54 people.Taiwansource
  • January/February – Turnip WinterGermanysource
  • March 7 – "Livery Stable Blues", recorded with "Dixie Jazz Band One Step" on February 26, by the Original Dixieland Jass Band in the United States, becomes the first jazz recording commercially released. On August 17 the band records "Tiger Rag".source
  • March 7 – "Livery Stable Blues", recorded with "Dixie Jazz Band One Step" on February 26 by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, becomes the first jazz recording commercially released. On August 17 the band records "Tiger Rag".United Statessource
  • May 26 – A tornado strikes Mattoon, Illinois, causing devastation and killing 101 people.source
  • October 1 – According to Japanese government official document figure, a large-scale typhoon and tidal wave hit around Tokyo Bay area, 1,362 persons were human fatalities.Japansource
  • November 1 to 30: Swanson Bay, British Columbia, records 88 in of precipitation for the month, which remains the highest officially recorded for one calendar month in North America.Canadasource
  • 4 November - Acari Guaíba and another ship are torpedoed by the same German submarine, SM U-151.Brazilsource
  • December 1–31 – A severe cold wave in Interior Alaska produces the coldest recorded mean monthly temperatures in the United States. Fort Yukon averages −48.3 and Eagle −46.United Statessource
  • St Winefride's Well at Holywell temporarily dries up as a result of mining activity.Walessource

Culture & Society

  • February 12 – Toluca FC is founded as an Association football club in Mexico.source
  • March 1 – Ōmuta, Japan, is founded by Hiroushi Miruku.source
  • March 8 – (February 23, O.S.) – The February Revolution begins in Russia: Women calling for bread in Petrograd start riots, which spontaneously spread throughout the city. — N.S.source
  • March 8 – (N.S.) (February 23, O.S.) – The February Revolution begins: Women calling for bread in Petrograd create riots, which spread throughout the city.Russiasource
  • 13 March – The German Leather Museum in Offenbach am Main is opened by Hugo Eberhardt.Germanysource
  • March 16 (N.S.) (March 3, O.S.) – Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia refuses the throne, and power passes to the newly formed Provisional Government, under Prince Georgy Lvov.source
  • March 25 – The Georgian Orthodox Church restores the autocephaly, abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.source
  • April 17 – (N.S.) (April 4, O.S.) – Vladimir Lenin's April Theses are published. They become very influential in the following July Days and Bolshevik Revolution.source
  • 7 May – The Graneros Unido football club is established.Chilesource
  • May 8–12 – 1917 Far Eastern Games held in Tokyo.Japansource
  • May 18 — Otilio Montaño Sánchez was a Zapatista general during the Mexican Revolution (born 1887)Mexicosource
  • June 4 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maud Howe Elliott and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for a biography, (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history, for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert Bayard Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism, for his work for the New York World.source
  • July 7 – The Lions Clubs International is formed in the United States.source
  • August 3 – The New York Guard is founded.source
  • 13 August – Beginning of the 1917 general strike.Spainsource
  • September 11 – The Bellevue Conference is held.source
  • November 26 – The National Hockey League is formed in Montreal, as a replacement for the recently disbanded National Hockey Association.source
  • December 25 – Jesse Lynch Williams's Why Marry?, the first play to win a Pulitzer Prize, opens at the Astor Theatre, New York City.source
  • 29 December — The Waseda University baseball team came to Taiwan.Taiwansource
  • The first edition of the World Book Encyclopedia – simply known as The World Book – is published by the Hanson-Roach-Fowler Company, and is one of the first American encyclopedias to cover the major areas of knowledge to a mass audience.source
  • C.D. Santiagueño, a Salvadoran football club, was established.El Salvadorsource

Births

  • January 17 – M. G. Ramachandran, Tamil Nadu chief minister, actor (died 1987)source
  • 10 February – Chen Ta-ju, lyricist.Taiwansource
  • March 19: Dinu Lipatti – classical pianist and composer, posthumously elected into the Romanian Academy.Romaniasource
  • March 20 – Dame Vera Lynn, English actress, singer (died 2020)source
  • April 5 – Robert Bloch, American writer (died 1994)source
  • May 21 – Raymond Burr, Canadian actor, best known for his role in Perry Mason (died 1993)source
  • May 29 – John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (died 1963)source
  • June 7 – Dean Martin, American actor, singer (died 1995)source
  • August 6 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (died 1997)source
  • August 15 – Óscar Romero, Salvadoran Roman Catholic Archbishop (died 1980)source
  • 15 August – Óscar Romero, Catholic archbishop (died 1980)El Salvadorsource
  • August 28 – Jack Kirby, American comic book artist (died 1994)source
  • September 7 – Leonard Cheshire, British war hero (died 1992)source
  • September 11 – Ferdinand Marcos, 10th President of the Philippines (died 1989)source
  • November 14 – Park Chung Hee, 3rd president of South Korea (died 1979)source
  • November 19 – Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (died 1984)source
  • December 16 – Sir Arthur C. Clarke, English science-fiction author, best known for co-writing the screenplay of 2001: A Space Odyssey (died 2008)source
  • Trương Đình Dzu in the Bình Định ProvinceVietnamsource

Deaths

  • January 10 – Buffalo Bill, American frontiersman (born 1846)source
  • January 16 – George Dewey, U.S. admiral (born 1837)source
  • February 21 – Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, Iranian poet, writer and journalist.Iransource
  • April 1 – Scott Joplin, African-American ragtime composer, pianist (born c.1868)source
  • May 7 – Albert Ball, British World War I fighter ace, posthumous Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (born 1896)source
  • July 8 – Tom Thomson, Canadian painter (born 1877)source
  • 1 August – Enric Prat de la Riba, Catalan nationalist, lawyer and writer (born 1870).Spainsource
  • September 27 – Edgar Degas, French painter (born 1834)source
  • October 4 – Dave Gallaher, New Zealand rugby union football player (killed in action) (born 1873)source
  • October 12 – WWI: First Battle of Passchendaele: – Allies fail to take a German defensive position, with the biggest loss of life in a single day for New Zealand, over 800 men and 45 officers are killed, roughly 1 in 1,000 of the nation's population at this time.source
  • October 15 – Mata Hari, Dutch dancer, spy (executed) (born 1876)source
  • October 22 – Bob Fitzsimmons, British boxer, World Heavyweight Champion (born 1863)source
  • November 11 – Liliʻuokalani, last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii (born 1838)source
  • November 15 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (born 1858)source
  • November 17 – Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (born 1840)source
  • November 18 – Pedro Infante, Mexican actor and singer (died 1957)Mexicosource
  • December 18: Nicolae Xenopol – Politician, diplomat, economist, writer and first Romanian ambassador to Japan. Died in Tokyo, only months after taking the position.Romaniasource
  • December 22 – Frances Xavier Cabrini, first American canonized as a saint (born 1850)source