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Kingdom of Portugal

kingdom in Southwestern Europe (1139–1910)

77 dated entries naming Kingdom of Portugal, drawn from 70 separate years between 1109 CE and 1834 CE. Nothing here is written by us: each line is the sentence a Wikipedia year article used, and the link beside it opens the exact revision.

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12th century

  • 1109July 25 – Afonso I, king of Portugal (d. 1185)source
  • 1111Almoravid forces under Syr ibn Abi Bakr capture Santarém and Sintra in Portugal. The efforts of the Berbers to reconquer lost ground also lead to the sack of Coimbra. The same year the city revolts against their lord.source
  • 1111Afonso I (the Conqueror), King of Portugal (d. 1185)source
  • 1125Matilda of Savoy, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1157)source
  • 1148King Afonso I ("the Great") of Portugal takes Abrantes from the Almoravids. Ramon Berenguer IV conquers the lower Ebro plain (between 1148–1149).source
  • 1154November 11 – Sancho I, king of Portugal (d. 1211)source
  • 1160Dulce of Aragon, queen of Portugal (d. 1198)source
  • 1161An Almoravid offensive against the Kingdom of Portugal reaches the city of Almada, located on the Tagus river.source
  • 1175Under the admirals of the clan Banu Mardanish, an Almohad fleet suffers a large defeat at the hand of the Portuguese, as they are trying to re-conquer Lisbon.source
  • 1179Summer – Afonso I (the Conqueror) is recognized as King of Portugal by Pope Alexander III – bringing Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Leonese monarchy.source
  • 1185April 23 – Afonso II ("the Fat"), king of Portugal (d. 1223)source
  • 1185December 6 – King Afonso I of Portugal ("the Great") dies after a 36-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Sancho I ("the Populator") as ruler of Portugal.source
  • 1189Reconquista: King Sancho I of Portugal ("the Populator") turns his attention towards the Moorish small kingdoms (called taifas) and begins a campaign in the south of his kingdom. With the help of crusader forces he conquers the town of Silves. He orders the fortification of the city, builds a castle and styles himself "King of Silves".source
  • 1191Siege of Silves – Almohad forces under Caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur reconquer Silves in Portugal. In the same campaign, the Almohads take also Alcácer do Sal, while Palmela and Almada are sacked.source

13th century

  • 1202Matilda II of Boulogne, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1259)source
  • 1209September 8 – Sancho II ("the Pious"), king of Portugal (d. 1248)source
  • 1210May 5 – Afonso III (the Boulonnais), king of Portugal (d. 1279)source
  • 1211March 26 – Sancho I ("the Populator"), king of Portugal (b. 1154)source
  • 1211March 26 – King Sancho I of Portugal ("the Populator") dies after a 25-year reign at Coimbra. He is succeeded by his son Afonso II ("the Fat") as ruler of Portugal. During his reign, he designs the first set of Portuguese written laws.source
  • 1215Mécia Lopes de Haro, queen of Portugal (d. 1270)source
  • 1220November 3 – Urraca of Castile, queen of Portugal (b. 1186)source
  • 1223March 25 – Afonso II (the Fat), king of Portugal (b. 1185)source
  • 1242Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1303)source
  • 1249Reconquista: King Afonso III of Portugal ("the Boulonnais") recaptures Faro and Silves in the Algarve from the Almohads, thus completing the expulsion of the Moors from Portugal. The Almohads also lose possession of Alicante in Al-Andalus (modern Spain).source
  • 1254King Afonso III of Portugal ("the Boulonnais") holds the first session of the Cortes (Portugal's general assembly composed of nobles, members of the middle class and representatives from all municipalities), in Leiria.source
  • 1255King Afonso III of Portugal ("the Boulonnais") moves his residence and royal court from Lisbon to Coimbra, which becomes the capital of Portugal.source
  • 1261October 9 – Denis I ("the Poet King"), king of Portugal (d. 1325)source
  • 1267February 16 – Kings Afonso III of Portugal and Alfonso X of Castile sign the Badajoz Convention, determining the border between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of León and ensuring Portuguese sovereignty over Algarve.source
  • 1271Elizabeth of Aragon, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1336)source
  • 1272Reconquista – King Afonso III eliminates the last Moorish community in Portugal at Faro, completing the reconquest of the west of the Iberian Peninsula.source
  • 1290March 1 – The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon by Denis I ("the Poet King"). He decrees that Portuguese is the official language of Portugal, replacing classical Latin in that capacity.source
  • 1291February 8 – Afonso IV ("the Brave"), king of Portugal (d. 1357)source
  • 1294England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.source
  • 1297Treaty of Alcañices: Kings Denis of Portugal ("the Poet King") and 11-year-old Ferdinand IV of Castile ("the Summoned") (under the guidance of his mother, Queen-Regent Maria de Molina) sign a treaty between Portugal and Castile, which establishes an alliance of friendship and mutual defense, leading to a peace of 40 years between the two kingdoms.source

14th century

  • 1303October 27 – Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (b. 1242)source
  • 1320April 8 – Peter I the Cruel, king of Portugal (d. 1367)source
  • 1357May 28 – Peter I becomes King of Portugal, after the death of his father, Alfonso IV.source
  • 1367January 18 – Fernando the Handsome becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, King Pedro the Avenger.source
  • 1384May 29 – The army of the Crown of Castile army begins the siege of Lisbon, capital of the Kingdom of Portugal.source
  • 1385October 15 – Battle of Valverde: The armies of Portugal defeat Castile.source
  • 1389Carmo Convent is built in Lisbon, Portugal.source

15th century

  • 1418João Gonçalves Zarco leads one of the first Portuguese expeditions to the Madeira Islands.source
  • 1422August 22 – Use of the Spanish era dating system (which begins counting from 38 BC rather than from 1 AD, and thus refers to the year 1422 as "1460") ends as the Kingdom of Portugal, last on the Iberian peninsula to continue the style of dating, goes to Anno Domini dates.source
  • 1431October 30 – The Treaty of Medina del Campo is signed, consolidating peace between Portugal and Castille.source
  • 1441The first enslaved black Africans are brought to Europe at Lagos in the Kingdom of Portugal.source
  • 1445The Portuguese set up their first trading post (Feitoria) in Africa, on the island of Arguin.source
  • 1452Portuguese navigator Diogo de Teive discovers the islands of Corvo and Flores, in the Azores.source
  • 1472An extensive slave trade begins in modern Cameroon as the Portuguese sail up the Wouri River and Fernão do Po claims the central-African islands Bioko and Annobón for Portugal.source
  • 1479May 13 – Christopher Columbus, an experienced mariner and successful trader in the thriving Genoese expatriate community in Portugal, marries Felipa Perestrelo Moniz (Italian on her father's side), and receives as dowry her late father's maps and papers, charting the seas and winds around the Madeira Islands, and other Portuguese possessions in the Ocean Sea.source
  • 1482January 19 – A Portuguese fleet, commanded by Diogo de Azambuja, arrives at the mouth of the River Benya on the Gold Coast, where the fort of São Jorge da Mina (Elmina Castle) is erected.source
  • 1500April 22 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral and his crew on 13 vessels arrive in Brazil, anchoring at Monte Pascoal and naming the country Vera Cruz. Cabral claims the land for the Kingdom of Portugal.source

16th century

  • 1501March 25 – Portuguese navigator João da Nova discovers Ascension Island. It is definitely sighted and named on May 20, 1503 (Feast of the Ascension) by Afonso de Albuquerque.source
  • 1502January 1 – Portuguese explorers, led by Gonçalo Coelho, sail into Guanabara Bay, Brazil, mistaking it for the mouth of a river, which they name Rio de Janeiro.source
  • 1502May 3 – Portuguese navigator João da Nova discovers the uninhabited island of Saint Helena.source
  • 1503May 20 (Feast of the Ascension) – Ascension Island is first definitively sighted, by Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque.source
  • 1503October 1 – Fort Emmanuel is christened at Cochin after Afonso de Albuquerque obtained permission to be able to build it. It is the first European fort in India, in addition to being the first Portuguese fort.source
  • 1505August 15 – The Portuguese State of India is founded in what is now the state of Kerala, after the Kingdom of Portugal takes over territory of the Bijapur sultanate at Calicut.source
  • 1506The Portuguese mariner Tristão da Cunha sights the islands of Tristan da Cunha, naming them after himself.source
  • 1507The Portuguese occupy Mozambique, and the islands of Socotra and Lamu.source
  • 1507October 10 – The Kingdom of Portugal conquers the island of Ormuz in the Persian Gulf.source
  • 1509January 21 – The Portuguese first arrive at the Seven Islands of Bombay and land at Mahim after capturing a barge of the Gujarat Sultanate in the Mahim Creek.source
  • 1509September 11 – Portuguese fidalgo Diogo Lopes de Sequeira becomes the first European to reach Malacca, having crossed the Gulf of Bengal.source
  • 1510February 27– Portuguese conquest of Goa: Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal begins a nine month battle to conquer Goa off the coast of India.source
  • 1517August 15 – Portuguese merchant Fernão Pires de Andrade meets Ming Dynasty Chinese officials through an interpreter, at the Pearl River estuary and lands, at what is now in the jurisdiction of Hong Kong. Although the first European trade expeditions to China took place in 1513 and 1516 by Jorge Álvares and Rafael Perestrello, respectively, Andrade's mission is the first official diplomatic mission of a European power to China, commissioned by a ruler of Europe (Manuel I of Portugal).source
  • 1520November 28 – After navigating through the strait at the southern end of South America, three ships under the command of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan reach the Pacific Ocean. Magellan thankful to find a peaceful sea after the dangerous trip through the strait, names the body of water "El Mar Pacifico" because of its pacifying waters. becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific (the strait is later named the Strait of Magellan).source
  • 1523May 31 – Following the Battle of Sincouwaan at sea between the ships of the Chinese Empire and the Kingdom of Portugal, the Malay ambassador to China reluctantly departs from Guangzhou to present letters to the Portuguese governors of the occupied Malacca Sultanate, demanding the restoration of the deposed Sultan. Though fearing execution by the Portuguese, the messengers are allowed to leave. They return in September with a plea for help from the Malay Sultan, whose territory is under attack from the Europeans.source
  • 1536May 23 – The Inquisition is implemented in Portugal.source

17th century

  • 1641June 12 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed between representatives of the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Portugal as a 10-year truce and alliance.source
  • 1644May 26 – Battle of Montijo: The Kingdom of Portugal is victorious over Habsburg Spain, in the first major action between the two nations during the Portuguese Restoration War.source
  • 1648October 31 – A treaty is signed between the Arabs and the Portuguese. The terms include a provision that the Portuguese should build fortresses at Kuriyat, Dibba Al-Hisn (Sharjah) and Muttrah (Oman).source
  • 1665June 17 – Battle of Montes Claros between Spanish and a combined Anglo-Portuguese force ends with a decisive Portuguese victory.source

18th century

  • 1707April 25 (April 14 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Almansa: The Bourbon army of Spain and France (with Irish mercenaries) under the French-born Englishman James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, soundly defeats the allied forces of Portugal, England, and the Dutch Republic led by the French-born Huguenot (in English service) Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway. Following this, Philip V of Spain promulgates the first Nueva Planta decrees, bringing the Kingdoms of Valencia and Aragon under the laws of the Crown of Castile.source
  • 1761March 31 – An 8.5 magnitude earthquake strikes Lisbon in the Kingdom of Portugal, with effects felt as far north as Scotland, but few deaths are reported because of censorship by the Portuguese government.source
  • 1791February 21 – The United States opens diplomatic relations with Portugal.source
  • 1793February 1 – French Revolutionary Wars: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and (on March 7) Spain. During the year, the War of the First Coalition is joined by Portugal, the Holy Roman Empire, Naples and Tuscany in opposition to France.source

19th century

  • 1810July 10 - Peninsular War: Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo: French forces (28,000 men) under Marshal André Masséna take the fortified city of Ciudad Rodrigo on route into Portugal.source
  • 1834April 22 – Spain, France, Portugal and the United Kingdom sign the Quadruple Alliance.source

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