1793 CE

The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I.

In the 1790s, the 18th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

January 23 – Second Partition of Poland: The Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia partition the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.source
12 February – John Macarthur is granted 100 acres of land at Parramatta.Australia source
February 25 – George Washington holds the first Cabinet meeting as President of the United States.source
February 27 – The Giles Resolutions are introduced to the United States House of Representatives, asking the House to condemn Alexander Hamilton's handling of loans.source
March 1–3 – John Langdon serves as President pro tempore of the United States Senate.source
March 4 – George Washington is sworn in as the president of the United States in Philadelphia, for his second term.source
March 18 – The first republican state in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.source
April 22 – George Washington signs the Neutrality Proclamation.source
May - Reuterholm completes a defense treaty with revolutionary France.Sweden source
June – The Macartney Embassy, a British diplomatic mission to China led by George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, reaches Canton, but will be rebuffed by the Qianlong Emperor.source
June – the Macartney Embassy, a diplomatic mission to China led by George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, reaches Canton, but will be rebuffed by the Qianlong Emperor.United Kingdom source
July 9 – The Act Against Slavery is passed in Upper Canada.source
July 9 – Act Against Slavery passed into law, making Upper Canada the first British territory to bring in legislation against slavery, although it did not abolish slavery entirely.Canada source
17 August – 79th Regiment of Foot (Cameronian Volunteers) raised at Fort William from members of Clan Cameron by Alan Cameron of Erracht.Scotland source
August – France decrees all the slaves on Saint-Domingue to be free.source
4 September – A royal decree reduces the number of counties (Danish: amt, pl. amter) to 20.Denmark source
September 18 – United States Capitol cornerstone laying: President George Washington lays the cornerstone for the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.United States source
October 24 – French Revolution:The French Republican Calendar is adopted by the National Convention.source
24 October – French Revolution: The French Republican calendar is adopted by the National Convention.France source

Conflict & Security

2 January – Radical Thomas Muir of Huntershill arrested on a charge of sedition but released on bail.Scotland source
January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden.source
7 January - Ebel riots in Stockholm.Sweden source
January 21 – French Revolution: After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Citizen Capet, formerly King Louis XVI, is guillotined in Paris.source
February 1 – French Revolutionary Wars: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and (on March 7) Spain. During the year, the War of the First Coalition is joined by Portugal, the Holy Roman Empire, Naples and Tuscany in opposition to France.source
March 5 – French troops are defeated by Austrian forces, and Liège is recaptured.source
March 18 – Second Battle of Neerwinden: A coalition army of Habsburg monarchy and Dutch Republic troops repulses attacks from French Republican forces, near Neerwinden, Flemish Brabant.source
April 6 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Committee of Public Safety is established in France, with Georges Danton as its head.source
May 31 – French Revolution: Regular troops under François Hanriot demand that the Girondins be expelled from the National Convention.source
June 2 – French Revolution: The Girondins are overthrown in France.source
June 20–22 – Haitian Revolution: Battle of Cap-Français – French Republican troops and black slave insurgents defeat Royalist and slave owner settlers.source
July 29 – John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there.source
September 5 – French Revolution: The National Convention begins the 10-month Reign of Terror.source
September 17 – The Army of the Eastern Pyrenees, one of the French Revolutionary armies, defeats a Spanish force at the Battle of Peyrestortes.source
18 September-18 December – French Revolutionary Wars: Siege of Toulon – Admiral Hood's squadron of Royal Navy ships supporting French Royalists is forced to withdraw from Toulon after a successful siege by Napoleon, taking a number of French ships – including the Lutine – with them.France source
September 20 – British troops from Jamaica land on the island of Saint-Domingue to join the Haitian Revolution in opposition to the French Republic and its newly-freed slaves; on 22 September the main French naval base on the island surrenders peacefully to the Royal Navy.source
October 5 – War of the First Coalition: Raid on Genoa – The British Royal Navy boards and captures French warships, sheltering in the neutral port of Genoa.source
October 15–16 – War of the First Coalition: Battle of Wattignies – A French Republican force commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan compels a Habsburg Austrian Coalition army to retire.source
October 16 – French Revolution: Marie Antoinette, the widowed queen consort of Louis XVI, is guillotined in the Place de la Révolution in Paris at the conclusion of a 2-day trial before the Revolutionary Tribunal.source
November 12 – French Revolution: Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first Mayor of Paris, is guillotined.source
December 8 – French Revolution: Madame du Barry is guillotined.source
December 23 – French Revolution: War in the Vendée: Battle of Savenay – A Republican force decisively defeats the counterrevolutionary Catholic and Royal Army, ending the Virée de Galerne.source
Dominique Jean Larrey, chief surgeon of the French Revolutionary Army, creates the first battlefield "flying ambulance" service.source
Commanding officer of the New South Wales Corps – Francis GroseAustralia source
Gunpowder Act and Convention Act effectively bring an end to the Irish Volunteers.Ireland source
Piershill Barracks in Edinburgh and Queen's Barracks in Perth completed, originally for cavalry regiments.Scotland source
Northwest Indian War (1785–1795)United States source

Exploration & Expansion

February 11 – French expedition to Sardinia (Expédition de Sardaigne): A French fleet under admiral Laurent Truguet debarks troops near Cagliari in Sardinia.source
11 February – French expedition to Sardinia (Expédition de Sardaigne): A French fleet under admiral Laurent Truguet debarks troops near Cagliari in Sardinia.France source
February 22 – French expedition to Sardinia: A small French and Corsican force briefly occupies the small Sardinian island of La Maddalena, then withdraws to Corsica. 23-year-old lieutenant Napoleon Buonaparte is second-in-command.source
28 February – d'Entrecasteaux expedition leaves Tasmania towards the Friendly Islands, continuing the search for La Pérouse.Australia source
May 25 – French expedition to Sardinia: The last French troops occupying the small Sardinian island of San Pietro surrender to a Spanish fleet.source
May – Bennelong and Yemmerrawanne become the first Aboriginal Australians to visit Britain when they land at Falmouth, Cornwall, with Arthur Phillip.Australia source
May – Bennelong and Yemmerrawanne become the first Aboriginal Australians to visit Britain, landing at Falmouth, Cornwall, with Arthur Phillip.United Kingdom source
July 20 – Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie's 1792–1793 Peace River expedition to the Pacific Ocean reaches its goal at Bella Coola, British Columbia, making him the first known person to complete a transcontinental crossing of northern North America.source
20 July – Stornoway-born explorer Alexander Mackenzie's 1792–1793 Peace River expedition to the Pacific Ocean reaches its goal at Bella Coola, British Columbia, making him the first known person to complete a transcontinental crossing of northern North America.Scotland source
The Al Bu Falah move to Abu Dhabi.source
HBC Brandon House established on the Assiniboine River, outpost for trade south and southwest to Missouri and Yellowstone.Canada source
David Thompson surveys Muskrat Country west of Hudson Bay.Canada source
A group of Quakers from Nantucket Island settle at Milford Haven, where they attempt to set up a whaling industry.Wales source

Religion & Belief

January – delegates of the Catholic Convention, including Wolfe Tone and Christopher Dillon Bellew, present a petition in favour of Catholic emancipation to King George III and the Home Secretary, Henry Dundas, in person and are favourably received.Ireland source
April 25 – The pioneer parishes of New Orleans and Louisiana are erected, as well as incorporated into the Roman Catholic Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas.source
25 September – Sydney's first church opens.Australia source
November 10 – The dechristianization of France during the French Revolution reaches a climax with the celebration of the Goddess of Reason in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris.source
10 November – The dechristianization of France during the French Revolution reaches a climax with the celebration of the Goddess of Reason in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris.France source
Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh (Roderic O'Flaherty)'s semi-mythical history of Ireland, Ogygia: seu Rerum Hibernicarum Chronologia & etc. (1685), is for the first time translated into English (by Rev. James Hely) and published as Ogygia, or a Chronological account of Irish Events, collected from Very Ancient Documents faithfully compared with each other & supported by the Genealogical & Chronological Aid of the Sacred and Profane Writings of the Globe.Ireland source
Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Waterford, the oldest Catholic cathedral in Ireland, is built.Ireland source
Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793 relieves Catholics of certain political, educational and economic disabilities: they may now vote, enter the legal professions and hold certain public offices. They are also, under the Militia Act (Ireland) 1793 (33 Geo. 3. c. 22 (I)), permitted to bear arms; and both Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters are permitted to enter Trinity College Dublin (but the Catholic Church generally dissuades the former from doing so). Any man renting or owning land worth at least forty shillings (the equivalent of two Pounds Sterling), is granted the franchise, creating a class of Forty Shilling Freeholders.Ireland source
Orthodox Eparchy of Minsk and SlutskRussia source

Economy & Finance

June 21 – The town of Hamilton, Massachusetts, is incorporated.source
The first year of regular production begins for the United States Mint, and the half cent is minted for the first time.source
Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island – Philip Gidley KingAustralia source
The first year of regular production begins for the United States Mint in Philadelphia and the half cent is minted for the first time.United States source

Technology & Infrastructure

13 April – Manchester Penny Post launched, the first such service in the English provinces.United Kingdom source
September 18 – The cornerstone to the future United States Capitol is dedicated by U.S. President Washington at the site of the new Federal City on the Potomac River.source
October 28 – Eli Whitney applies for patent for his cotton gin (the patent is granted the following March).United States source
Macquarie Lighthouse, the first in Australia, is erected in Sydney.Australia source
Construction commences on the first bridge across the River Suir at Waterford, built by the American Lemuel Cox in wood.Ireland source
The first Sula Lighthouse was built.Norway source
Little Cumbrae Lighthouse built.Scotland source
Slater Mill is completed in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, as the first water-powered cotton spinning mill in North America to utilize the Arkwright system of cotton spinning as developed by Samuel Slater.United States source
Construction of Clydach Ironworks begins.Wales source

Science & Discovery

January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the United States.source
January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the Western Hemisphere, from Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia to Deptford Township, New Jersey. George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe are among the spectators.United States source
13 April – The Bank of England issues the first £5 note.United Kingdom source
Westminster Quarters first written, for the bells of a new clock at the Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge, by Prof. Joseph Jowett, probably with Prof. John Randall or William Crotch.United Kingdom source
Physician Matthew Baillie publishes The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body, a key text on pathology.United Kingdom source

Health & Medicine

February – In Manchester, Vermont, the wife of a captain falls ill, probably with tuberculosis. Some locals believe that the cause of her illness is that a demon vampire is sucking her blood. As a cure, Timothy Mead burns the heart of a deceased person in front of a crowd of a few hundred people.source
April 9 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, France's new Minister to the United States, arrives at Charleston, South Carolina.source
9 April – Edmond-Charles Genêt, France's new Minister to the United States, arrives at Charleston, South Carolina.France source
August 1–November 9 – The yellow fever epidemic of 1793 hits Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 5,000 die.source
August 1 – The yellow fever epidemic of 1793 starts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.United States source
August 23 – French Revolution: The following universal conscription decree is enacted in France: "The young men shall go to battle and the married men shall forge arms. The women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; children shall tear rags into lint. The old men will be guided to the public places of the cities to kindle the courage of the young warriors and to preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings."source
23 August – French Revolution: The following universal conscription decree is enacted in France: "The young men shall go to battle and the married men shall forge arms. The women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; children shall tear rags into lint. The old men will be guided to the public places of the cities to kindle the courage of the young warriors and to preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings."France source
November 9 – George Washington visits Philadelphia to announce end of the yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia; around 5,000 people have been killed by the fever.United States source

Crime & Justice

January 13 – Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville, a representative of Revolutionary France, is lynched by a mob in Rome.source
16 February – John Macarthur is appointed by Grose as inspector of public works.Australia source
July 13 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday kills Jean-Paul Marat in his bath.source
13 July – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday kills Jean-Paul Marat in his bath.France source
24 August – Thomas Muir arrested at Portpatrick on his return from France.Scotland source
31 August – Thomas Muir sentenced to penal transportation for 14 years.Scotland source
12 November – French Revolution: Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first Mayor of Paris, is guillotined.France source
December 18 – French forces under Dugommier capture Toulon from royalists and British forces under Vice Admiral Lord Hood. The British fire the dockyards and take 16 ships, one of which, the Lutine, becomes a famous treasure ship.source
18 December - Magdalena Rudenschöld is the first to be arrested when the Armfelt Conspiracy of the Gustavian Party against the guardian government is exposed.Sweden source
Acting Governor of New South Wales – Lieutenant-Governor Francis GroseAustralia source

Disasters & Accidents

July 31 – Oulu Castle in Finland is destroyed in an explosion following the burning of a powder cellar.source
22 November - Two ships, the Morva and the Cavendish, are wrecked on The Smalls off Pembrokeshire.Wales source
Crowds in Paris burn monarchist emblems.source

Climate & Environment

Eli Whitney invents a cotton gin. This causes a resurgence of slavery in the South.source

Culture & Society

January 2 – Premiere of Mozart's Requiem (completed after the composer's death in 1791 by Franz Xaver Süssmayr) in a performace for the benefit of Mozart's widow, Constanze.source
18 February – A school opens in an unfinished church building in Sydney; Isabella Rosson is the first teacher (the first school had been established in 1789).Australia source
June 10 – French Revolution: The Jardin des Plantes and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle are created by the National Convention. The museum opens in Paris the following year, and the garden houses one of the first public zoos.source
10 June – French Revolution: The Jardin des Plantes and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle are created by the National Convention. The museum opens in Paris the following year, and the garden houses one of the first public zoos.France source
August 10 – French Revolution – Feast of Unitysource
August – Burns writes "Scots Wha Hae".Scotland source
September 8 – The first Círio de Nazaré is celebrated in Belém.source
12 September – Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson meets Emma, Lady Hamilton in Naples.United Kingdom source
October 12 – The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on the campus of the University of North Carolina (the 12th of October is subsequently celebrated at the university as University Day).United States source
December 9 – New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster.source
The Louvre in Paris opens to the public as an art museum.source
Lawrence Academy (Groton, Massachusetts) is chartered.source
Niccolò Paganini debuts as a violin virtuoso at age 11 in his birthplace of Genoa.source
A school cairn, a rectangular stone tower, was erected at Skólvörðuholt in Reykjavík, where a statue of Leifur Eiríksson now stands.Iceland source
Lansdown Crescent, Bath, designed by John Palmer, is completed.United Kingdom source
Y Cylchgrawn Cymraeg is the first political journal to be published in the Welsh language.Wales source

Births

January 3 – Lucretia Mott, American women's rights activist and abolitionist (died 1880)source
March 2 – Sam Houston, American President of the Republic of Texas (died 1863)source
March 3 – William Macready, English actor (died 1873)source
March 4 – Karl Lachmann, German philologist (died 1851)source
March 6 – William Dick, Scottish veterinarian, founder of Edinburgh Veterinary College (died 1866)source
March 24 : François-Xavier Paré, politician.Canada source
April 19 – Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (died 1875)source
2 May - David Vogt, politician (d.1861)Norway source
July 13 – John Clare, English "peasant poet" (died 1864)source
July 15 – Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, American educator, scientist and writer (died 1884)source
August 19 – Barthélemy Thimonnier, French inventor (died 1857)source
August 25 – John Neal, American writer, critic, and women's rights activist (died 1876)source
August 25 – John Neal, writer, critic, editor, lecturer, and activist (died 1876)United States source
September 5 – John L. Burns, American veteran of the War of 1812, civilian combatant for the Union Army during the American Civil War. (died 1872)source
September 25 – Felicia Hemans, British poet (died 1835)source
November 3 – Stephen F. Austin, American pioneer (died 1836)source
November 17 – Charles Lock Eastlake, English painter (died 1865)source
Nikolay Kobozev (1793-1866) - merchant, first mayor of BerdianskRussia source

Deaths

January 21 – King Louis XVI of France (executed) (born 1754)source
March 20 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge, politician (born 1705)source
March 30 : François-Marie Picoté de Belestre, colonial soldier.Canada source
April 29 – John Michell, English scientist (born 1724)source
July 13 – Jean-Paul Marat, Swiss-born French Revolutionary leader (assassinated) (born 1743)source
July 17 – Charlotte Corday, French assassin of Jean-Paul Marat (executed) (born 1768)source
July 17 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday is executed.source
July 23 – Roger Sherman, American lawyer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (born 1721)source
September 20 – Fletcher Christian, English sailor (born 1764)source
October 8 – John Hancock, American businessman and patriot, signer of the Declaration of Independence (born 1737)source
October 8 – John Hancock, businessman, smuggler, statesman, patriot and signatory of the Declaration of Independence (born 1737)United States source
October 16 – Marie-Antoinette, Queen Consort of France (executed) (born 1755)source
21 October – Johann Hartmann, violinist and composer (born 1726)Denmark source
October 31 – Jacques Pierre Brissot, French revolutionary leader (executed) (born 1754)source
November 3 – Olympe de Gouges, French playwright (executed) (born 1748)source
November 6 – Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, French noble, revolutionary leader (executed) (born 1747)source
November 8 – Madame Roland, French Revolutionary hostess (executed) (born 1754)source
Mikhail Krechetnikov (1729-1793) - generalRussia source