/year

July 2 in history

219 sourced entries recorded on July 2, from 260 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 311Pope Miltiades succeeds Eusebius as the 32nd pope of Rome.source
  • 437Valentinian III, age 18, rules as emperor over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence until her death in 450.source
  • 626Li Shimin travels to the Tang capital Chang'an to bid farewell to his younger brother Li Yuanji, who has been given command of a Chinese expedition against the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. Hearing of a plot to murder him, he and a few supporters seize the northern entrance to the emperor's palace. Li Shimin ambushes and eliminates his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng, in the Xuanwu Gate Incident.source
  • 706Emperor Zhong Zong has the remains of his mother and recently deceased ruling empress Wu Zetian, her son Li Xian, her grandson Li Chongrun, and granddaughter Li Xianhui, all interred in the same tomb complex as his father and Wu Zetian's husband Gao Zong, outside Chang'an, known as the Qianling Mausoleum, located on Mount Liang, which will then remain unopened until 1960.source
  • 763Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat ("Rising Sun") becomes the new ruler of the Mayan city state of Copán in Honduras after the death of Kʼakʼ Yipyaj Chan Kʼawiil, who had reigned since 749. Yax Pasaj reigns until 810.source
  • 866Battle of Brissarthe: Frankish forces, led by Robert the Strong, are defeated by a joint Breton-Viking army.source
  • 963Nikephoros II Phokas is proclaimed emperor by his troops in Caesarea. He sends a fleet to secure the Bosphorus Strait against his enemies. Chief minister Joseph Bringas gathers support and closes the gates of Constantinople. General Marianos Argyros is killed in a riot, forcing Bringas to flee.source
  • 1187July 2–3 – Saladin besieges Tiberias. The defenders, and Countess Eschiva II (wife of Raymond III) retreat to the citadel and sends messengers urging Guy of Lusignan to send help. Meanwhile, Guy and Raymond hold a war council to debate what should be done. Persuaded by Gerard de Ridefort and Raynald of Châtillon, Guy orders to march to the rescue of Tiberias.source
  • 1203Crusader leaders sail close to the city's walls in order to display the young Alexios Angelos, where they call upon the Byzantines to rise up in his favour. After rowing back and forth for a while, receiving insults and missiles, the attempt is abandoned. The Crusader leadership decides to land an invasion force north of Galata – using prevailing currents and winds.source
  • 1214John of Englands forces are confronted by a French relief force while they besiege the castle of Roche-au-Moine. John retreats to La Rochelle ending the siege, but his rearguard suffers immensely by the French army.source
  • 1214The Papal Interdict of 1208, laid against the Kingdom of England, is lifted.source
  • 1247King Béla IV grants territories to the Knights Hospitaller in the Banate of Severin and Hungarian Cumania (according to a document called the Diploma of the Joannites), makes an early mention of Litovoi and other Vlach/Romanian local rulers, in Wallachia and Transylvania.source
  • 1266Treaty of Perth: King Alexander III of Scotland agrees to a peace settlement with King Magnus VI of Norway ("the Law-mender") in which the Outer Hebrides and Isle of Man are ceded to Scotland in exchange for 4,000 marks. In return, Alexander confirms Norwegian sovereignty over the islands of Shetland and Orkney.source
  • 1271Peace of Pressburg: Kings Ottokar II and Stephen V sign a peace agreement at Pressburg, settling territorial claims, following the failed invasion of Hungary by Ottokar in April. In the agreement, Stephen promises not to support Ottokar's opponents in Carinthia, and Ottokar renounces the castles he and his partisans occupy in Hungary.source
  • 1298Battle of Göllheim: German forces of Duke Albert I defeat King Adolf of Nassau at Göllheim over the prince electors' decision, without electoral act – to dethrone Adolf and proclaim Albert the new ruler of Germany at Frankfurt, on July 27. During the battle, Adolf is killed and his army is destroyed with the loss of 3,000 horses.source
  • 1308Alauddin Khalji, Sultan of Delhi sets off from the Indian city of Delhi toward the Fort of Siwana (now in the Rajasthan state) to begin the siege of Siwana, which is completed in September.source
  • 1408From Livorno, a group of 13 Roman Catholic Cardinals allied with Pope Gregory begins sending encyclical letters "to the princes and prelates of the Christian world" summoning them to the Council of Pisa, to take place on March 25, 1409, in order to end the Western Schism.source
  • 1421At Erciş in what is now Turkey, Iskandar ibn Yusuf is crowned as the Sultan of Qara Qoyunlu, a kingdom encompassing what are now eastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and northern Iraq, northern Armenia and all of Azerbaijan.source
  • 1431In the Battle of Bulgnéville over who will be the next Duke of Lorraine, Count Antoine de Vaudémont, supported by Burgundian and English troops, defeats René of Anjou, who is supported by the Kingdom of France.source
  • 1431Battle of Bulgnéville between René I d'Anjou and Antoine de Vaudémont over the Duchy of Lorraine.source
  • 1440Richard, Duke of York is appointed as commander of English forces in France for the second timesource
  • 1442The coronation of King Christopher of Sweden and Denmark as King of Norway takes place in Oslo.source
  • 1448Catherine Karlsdotter, daughter of Karl Ormsson Gumsehuvud and wife of King Karl VIII of Sweden, is crowned as Queen consort of Sweden.source
  • 1459The Sultanate of Morocco renews its siege of Ksar es-Seghir (renamed Alcácer-Ceguer), which had been seized by the Kingdom of Portugal on October 24, 1458. The Portuguese Governor Duarte de Meneses leads the defense of the city against the attacks led by the Sultan Abd al-Haqq II, who calls off the siege after less than two months.source
  • 1460The city of London opens its gates to the Yorkist invaders and puts up no resistance to their occupation.source
  • 1494Spain ratifies the Treaty of Tordesillas to divide the lands discovered outside of Europe between Spain (the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon) and Portugal, essentially granting Spain almost all of the lands in the Americas and Portugal all of the lands in Africa.source
  • 1494In a battle fought at the village of Igris (now part of western Romania) in territory claimed by Hungary and the Ottoman state of Wallachia, the Hungarian General Pál Kinizsi defeats Turkish armies led by the Ottoman governor Basarab II of Wallachia.source
  • 1504Bogdan III the One-Eyed becomes the new Prince of Moldavia upon the death of his father Stephen the Great.source
  • 1505The Kalmar Bloodbath, a mass execution of participants in the Swedish Uprising against King Hans of Denmark (who also rules Norway and Sweden) takes place in the Swedish city of Kalmar after a judgment of treason is pronounced against the mayor, city officials and other leaders.source
  • 1505Martin Luther, aged 22, vows to become a monk in a moment of terror, as a result of a close lightning strike during a thunderstorm, near the village of Stotternheim.source
  • 1511The Şahkulu rebellion, which had started in Anatolia by Sakhulu Baba, against the Ottoman Empire on April 9, is suppressed in southeastern Turkey by the Ottoman Grand Vizier, Hadım Ali Pasha and Prince Şehzade Ahmed, son of the Sultan Bayezid II. Sakhulu is subsequently beheaded.source
  • 1515Manchester Grammar School is endowed by Hugh Oldham, the first free grammar school in England.source
  • 1578The Frobisher expedition reaches Canada and enters what is now Frobisher Bay. One of the ships, the Dennis, is wrecked on an iceberg.source
  • 1600Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence) – Battle of Nieuwpoort: The Dutch Republic gains a tactical victory over the Spanish Empire.source
  • 1601The Spanish expedition of Juan de Oñate reaches the Canadian River on (the feast day of Biblical Mary Magdalena), in what is now Texas.source
  • 1607Luis de Velasco returns to office as the Spanish Viceroy of New Spain, which at this time includes Mexico, parts of the future United States and much of Central America. Velasco had previously been Viceroy from 1590 to 1595, then served as Viceroy of Peru (encompassing much of South America) from 1596 to 1604. He serves as New Spain's viceroy until 1611.source
  • 1616Sir Oliver St John is appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland. He served until 1622.source
  • 1636Army of Flanders goes onto the offensive in the Franco-Spanish War (1635–59), invading French territory.source
  • 1644English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor – The Parliamentarians crush the Royalists in Yorkshire, ending Charles I's hold on the north of England.source
  • 1644First English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor, the largest battle of the war, produces a crushing victory for the Parliamentary side in Yorkshire, ending Charles I's hold on the north of England.source
  • 1645English Civil War: Battle of Alford – Alford, Aberdeenshire.source
  • 1652The Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine is fought east of Paris between French Parliamentarians (led by Louis, Grand Condé) against the army of King Louis XIV, commanded by the Viscount of Turenne, with neither side prevailing.source
  • 1658The Siege of Toruń begins in Poland as troops of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and of Austria seek to recapture the city of Toruń from a garrison of the Swedish Army. Within six months, the Swedish occupiers surrender.source
  • 1667A Dutch marine force lands near Woodbridge, Suffolk, and prevents Landguard Fort from being reinforced but a direct assault on the fort is beaten off by the garrison, The Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot, predecessor of the Royal Marines, and hence the first land action fought by marines.source
  • 1676Major John Talcott and his troops begin sweeping Connecticut and Rhode Island, capturing large numbers of Native Americans from Algonquian tribes and exporting them out of the English colonies as slaves.source
  • 1677July 1 – July 2 - Battle of Køge Bay.source
  • 1681Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury charged with treason, and imprisoned in the Tower of London, but subsequently acquitted.source
  • 1687King James II of England disbands the English parliamentsource
  • 1698Thomas Savery patents the first steam engine.source
  • 1711Cary's Rebellion: Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood of Virginia dispatches a company of Royal Marines to assist Governor Hyde. After hearing of this, Cary's troops abandon all of their fortifications along the Pamlico River. Cary and many of his supporters are soon caught and sent to England as prisoners, ending Cary's Rebellion.source
  • 1723Bach's Magnificat is first performed.source
  • 1724On the Feast of the Visitation, Bach leads the first performance of his Meine Seel erhebt den Herren, BWV 10, the fifth cantata of his chorale cantata cycle.source
  • 1732Spain completes the conquest of the Algerian cities of Oran and Mers El Kébir in the Oran Province, after a 17-day siege.source
  • 1733completion of Dr Steevens' Hospital in Dublin.source
  • 1747War of the Austrian Succession – Battle of Lauffeld: France defeats the combined armies of Hanover, Great Britain and the Netherlands.source
  • 1747War of the Austrian Succession – Battle of Lauffeld: France defeats the armies of Hanover, Great Britain and the Netherlands.source
  • 1747The Battle of Lauffeld, at which the Dutch and her allies were defeated by the French under Maurice de Saxesource
  • 1747War of the Austrian Succession: British forces led by the Duke of Cumberland defeated by Marshal Maurice de Saxe's French army at the Battle of Lauffeld near Maastricht in the Netherlands.source
  • 1747Benjamin Robins presents a paper to the Royal Society describing the physics of a spinning projectile following his investigation of rifle barrels.source
  • 1753John Jones succeeds the late Johann Christoph Pepusch as organist at Charterhouse.source
  • 1757The Duke of Newcastle is asked to form a new government of Great Britain and fills the office of Prime Minister of Great Britain, after his forced resignation eight months earlier. Pitt is recalled to conduct Britain's foreign and military affairs and given greater control.source
  • 1757the Duke of Newcastle is asked to form a new government of Great Britain and fills the office of Prime Minister, after his forced resignation eight months earlier. Pitt is recalled in a coalition to conduct Britain's foreign and military affairs and given greater control.source
  • 1768July 1–3 – Louis Antoine de Bougainville, on his circumnavigation westbound, sails through the Bougainville Strait and along the north shore of Bougainville Island in the Solomons.source
  • 1776American Revolution: the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia passes the "Lee Resolution" resolving that the United Colonies of North America are "free and independent States", independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain.source
  • 1785Don Diego de Gardoqui arrives in New York City as Spain's first minister to the United States.source
  • 1798the Marine Police Force is formed on the River Thames by magistrate Patrick Colquhoun to prevent pilfering in the Port of London and West India Docks; it is the first organised police force in Britain.source
  • 1800The Union with Ireland Act 1800 is passed by the Parliament of Great Britain; the Irish Parliament passes similar legislation in the following month, uniting the two kingdoms and abolishing the Parliament of Ireland.source
  • 1816The French frigate Medusa runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.source
  • 1816French frigate Méduse (1810) runs aground off the coast of Senegal, with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.source
  • 1819Cotton Mills and Factories Act passed, a first attempt to regulate employment of young children in textile mills.source
  • 1822July 1–3 – U.S. House of Representatives elections begin in Louisiana and continue until the last elections are held in North Carolina on August 14, 1823.source
  • 1822Denmark Vesey is hanged for plotting a slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina.source
  • 1824The Confederation of the Equator begins in Pernambuco, Brazil: Wealthy landowners against the government of Emperor Pedro I initiate a secessionist movement for the independence of Pernambuco.source
  • 1829Russo-Turkish War (1828–29): Russian Field-Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch launches the Trans-Balkan Offensive, which brings the Russian army within 68 km of Istanbul.source
  • 1832André-Michel Guerry presents his Essay on moral statistics of France to the French Academy of Sciences, a significant step in the founding of empirical social science.source
  • 1849Hungarian Revolution of 1848 – Second Battle of Komárom: The Hungarian army, led by Arthur Görgey, repulses the combined attack of the Austrian and Russian troops led by Julius Jacob von Haynau. During the battle Görgey suffers a heavy head injury, which prevents him from taking advantage of this success.source
  • 1851the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce elects their first chairman, William Westgarth, and deputy chairman, J.B.Were.source
  • 1855The Kansas territorial legislature convenes in Pawnee, and begins passing proslavery laws.source
  • 1860Vladivostok is founded in Russia.source
  • 1861Ivan Kasatkin lands on Hakodate, and introduces the Eastern Orthodox Church into Japan.source
  • 1862U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs the Morrill Land-Grant Act into law, creating a system of land-grant colleges, to teach agricultural and mechanical sciences across the United States.source
  • 1862Calcutta High Court is established under the High Courts Act, 1861.source
  • 1863July 1–3 – Battle of Gettysburg – Union forces under George G. Meade turn back a Confederate invasion by Robert E. Lee in the largest battle of the war (28,000 Confederate casualties, 23,000 Union).source
  • 1864Dimitri Atanasescu founds the first Romanian school in the Balkans for Aromanians in Trnovo, in the Ottoman Empire (modern-day North Macedonia). By the early 20th century, the number of these schools will have risen to 106.source
  • 1865The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London, by William and Catherine Booth.source
  • 1865the Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.source
  • 1869June 30–July 2 – The first Estonian Song Festival takes place in Tartu.source
  • 1875July 1–7 – Third Carlist War: Battle of Treviño – Advancing on the key city of Vitoria, in Navarre, Spanish Republican commander General Jenardo de Quesada sends General Tello to attack the Carlist lines just to the southwest, at Treviño. The newly appointed Carlist commander General José Pérula is heavily defeated and withdraws, and soon afterwards Quesada enters Vitoria in triumph.source
  • 1875The trial, begun on January 4, for criminal conversation brought against popular preacher Henry Ward Beecher by Theodore Tilton for alleged adultery with his wife, suffragist Elizabeth Richards Tilton, in Brooklyn ends with a hung jury.source
  • 1876Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1881Assassination of James A. Garfield: United States President James A. Garfield is shot by lawyer Charles J. Guiteau in Washington, D.C. The wound becomes infected, killing Garfield on September 19.source
  • 1881Assassination of James A. Garfield: James A. Garfield, President of the United States, is shot by lawyer Charles J. Guiteau at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C. He survives the shooting but suffers from infection of his wound, dying on September 19.source
  • 1888July 2–27 – London matchgirls strike of 1888: About 200 workers, mainly teenaged girls, strike following the dismissal of three colleagues from the Bryant and May match factory, precipitated by an article on their working conditions published on June 23 by campaigning journalist Annie Besant, and the workers unionise on July 27.source
  • 1888Ion Luca Caragiale becomes Minister of Education and head of the National Theatre Bucharest. His appointment is controversial and short-lived.source
  • 1890The Sherman Antitrust Act and Sherman Silver Purchase Act become United States law.source
  • 1890Brussels Conference Act of 1890 (anti-slavery convention)source
  • 1890The Sherman Antitrust Act becomes U.S. law.source
  • 1894June 28 – July 9 – Colonial Conference of 1894 held in Ottawa.source
  • 1900The first zeppelin airship flight, by Zeppelin LZ 1, is carried out over Lake Constance, near Friedrichshafen, Germany.source
  • 1900Snow falls to extremely low levels in New South Wales, being recorded as low as Forbes.source
  • 1902Philippine–American War ends.source
  • 1904The second Tour de France begins.source
  • 1914The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.source
  • 1915June 23 – July 7 – The First Battle of the Isonzo between the Armies of Italy and Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front in World War I. The aim of the Italian Army, under the command of Luigi Cadorna, was to drive the Austrians away from its defensive positions along the Soča (Isonzo) and on the nearby mountains.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1916July 1–12 – At least one shark mauls five swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline during the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, resulting in four deaths and the survival of one youth who required limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
  • 1919July 2–6 – British airship R34 makes the first transatlantic flight by dirigible, and the first westbound flight, from RAF East Fortune, Scotland, to Mineola, New York.source
  • 1920Polish–Soviet War: The Red Army continues its offensive into Poland.source
  • 1921U.S. President Warren Harding signs a joint congressional resolution, declaring an end to America's state of war with Germany, Austria and Hungary.source
  • 1928Charles Jenkins Laboratories' W3XK station begins broadcasting on 6.42 MHz, using 48 lines.source
  • 1934June 30 – July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany: Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party, and prominent conservative anti-Nazis, in a series of political murders.source
  • 1937Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappear after taking off from New Guinea, during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world.source
  • 1940June 28–July 4 – Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovinasource
  • 1940WWII: British-owned SS Arandora Star, carrying civilian internees and POWs of Italian and German origin from Liverpool to Canada, is torpedoed and sunk by GS U-47 off northwest Ireland, with the loss of around 865 lives.source
  • 1941A German SS unit arrives in Vilnius, Lithuania, and begins the Ponary massacre, the systematic execution of up to 100,000 people over the next three years.source
  • 1944Second World War: The first five thousand Brazilian Expeditionary Force soldiers, the 6th RCT, leave Brazil for Europe aboard the USNS General Mann.source
  • 1951The cremated remains of Mary Reeser are found at her home in Saint Petersburg, Florida. She is believed to have been a victim of spontaneous human combustion. The FBI believes that the near total consumption of her body by the fire was caused by the Wick effect.source
  • 1952A two-man Yugoslav patrol team is ambushed by Albania in Yugoslavian territory. The Albanians withdrew under the cover of their machine gun. One soldier was wounded in the skirmish.source
  • 1955Fatma Seher Erden, heroine who fought during the Turkish War of Independence (Kara Fatma; born 1888)source
  • 1956A laboratory experiment involving scrap thorium at Sylvania Electric Products in Bayside, New York, results in an explosion.source
  • 1957Osman Bölükbaşı, the chairman of Republican Nation Party was arrestedsource
  • 1959Marriage of Prince Albert and Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria in the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, Brusselssource
  • 1959Prince Albert of Belgium marries Italian Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria.source
  • 1963Cameroon closes its airports and harbours to both Portugal and South Africa.source
  • 1964The United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 is enacted.source
  • 1964President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, abolishing racial segregation in the United States.source
  • 1972Following Pakistan's surrender to India in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, both nations sign the historic Simla Agreement, agreeing to settle their disputes bilaterally.source
  • 1972India and Pakistan sign the Simla Accord in Simla, India, following the surrender of the Pakistan military to Indian forces in 1971 and the subsequent emergence of former East Pakistan as the independent country of Bangladesh.source
  • 1974Ralph Steinhauer becomes the first Aboriginal person to be a lieutenant governor when he is appointed lieutenant governor of Alberta.source
  • 1976North Vietnam dissolves the Provisional Government of South Vietnam and unites the two countries to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.source
  • 1982Qidong (meteorite) fell to earthsource
  • 1986Walt Disney Pictures releases the company's 26th animated film, The Great Mouse Detective.source
  • 1990A U.S. District Court acquits Imelda Marcos on racketeering and fraud charges.source
  • 19901990 Mecca tunnel tragedy: A stampede in a pedestrian tunnel leading to Mecca kills 1,426.source
  • 1996A new version of Malaysian Ringgit RM 2 notes was introduced.source
  • 1997The Bank of Thailand floats the baht, triggering the Asian financial crisis.source
  • 1997the Bank of Thailand floats the baht, leading to rapid devaluationsource
  • 1998Bombing in Aranykéz utca, Budapest kills 4 peoplesource
  • 2000Vicente Fox of the National Action Party (PAN) is elected President of Mexico, becoming the first president not from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since 1929.source
  • 2000France defeats Italy 2–1 after extra time in the final of the UEFA Euro 2000 Championship in Association football, becoming the first team to win the World Cup and European Championship consecutively.source
  • 2001The world's first self-contained artificial heart is implanted in Robert Tools in the United States.source
  • 2005Live 8, a set of 10 simultaneous concerts, takes place throughout the world, raising interest in the Make Poverty History campaign.source
  • 2005Live 8 takes place in Park Place, Barrie, Ontario.source
  • 2006The 2006 Mexican presidential election is held. Felipe Calderón is confirmed as the winner on September 5.source
  • 2008Íngrid Betancourt and 14 other hostages are rescued from FARC rebels by Colombian security forces.source
  • 2009The Heydar Aliyev Airport suspended its night schedule. The airport operated under normal conditions from 7 a.m. to 12 p.m. According to an AZAL spokesperson, this rule was implemented to allow the population to rest peacefully during the night. He noted that the restrictions do not apply to humanitarian, state, sanitary, or rescue flights, nor to flights that were caught in bad weather and need to land urgently.source
  • 20162016 Australian federal election: Malcolm Turnbull's Liberal/National Coalition Government is narrowly re-elected, defeating the Labor Party led by Bill Shorten.source
  • 2019A total solar eclipse occurs over South America. It is the 58th solar eclipse from Saros cycle 127.source
  • 2022Protests erupt in the capital Skopje over the French proposal to unblock EU accession talks with North Macedonia.source
  • 2022Tropical Storm Bonnie: One person is reported missing as Tropical Storm Bonnie makes landfall in South America.source
  • 2025Myanmar officially notifies Malaysia, the 2025 ASEAN chair, of its opposition to Timor-Leste joining the bloc in October 2025, amid Timor-Leste reportedly supporting anti-junta forces in the Myanmar civil war.source
  • 2025Angélique Kidjo becomes the first black African to be awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.source

Births

  • 419Valentinian III, emperor of the Western Roman Empire (died 455)source
  • 1363Maria, Queen of Sicily (died 1401)source
  • 1478Louis V, Elector Palatine (1508–1544) (died 1544)source
  • 1486Jacopo Sansovino, Italian sculptor and architect (died 1570)source
  • 1489Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1556)source
  • 1559Margareta Brahe, courtier (died 1638)source
  • 1575Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby (died 1627)source
  • 1597Theodoor Rombouts, Flemish painter (died 1637)source
  • 1647Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, English privy councillor (died 1730)source
  • 1648Arp Schnitger, German organ builder (died 1719)source
  • 1665Samuel Penhallow, English-born American colonist, historian (died 1726)source
  • 1667Pietro Ottoboni, Italian cardinal (died 1740)source
  • 1714Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (died 1787)source
  • 1715Samuel Finley, American clergyman and educator (died 1766)source
  • 1724Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German poet (died 1803)source
  • 1747Rose Bertin, French fashion designer (died 1813)source
  • 1821Sir Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (died 1915)source
  • 1850Robert Ridgway, American ornithologist (died 1929)source
  • 1856Morteza Gholi Khan Hedayat, Iranian politician.source
  • 1877Hermann Hesse, German-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1962)source
  • 1903Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1995)source
  • 1908Thurgood Marshall, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 1993)source
  • 1922Pierre Cardin, Italian-born French fashion designer (died 2020)source
  • 1925Patrice Lumumba, Congolese independence leader (died 1961)source
  • 1929Imelda Marcos, former First Lady of the Philippinessource
  • 1937Richard Petty, American stock car racer, 7-time NASCAR Winston Cup championsource
  • 1957Bret Hart, Canadian professional wrestlersource

Deaths

  • 260Cao Jie, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (born 197)source
  • 626Li Yuanji, prince of the Tang dynasty (born 603)source
  • 626Li Jiancheng, prince of the Tang dynasty (born 589)source
  • 649Li Jing, Chinese general and chancellor of the Tang dynasty (born 571)source
  • 862Swithun, bishop of Winchestersource
  • 866Robert the Strong, Frankish noblemansource
  • 936Henry the Fowler, king of the East Frankish Kingdomsource
  • 936King Henry I ("the Fowler") dies at his royal palace in Memleben, Thuringia, after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his 23-year-old son Otto I, who is married to Eadgyth, a daughter of the late King Edward the Elder. Otto is the first German king to be crowned in Charlemagne's former capital of Aachen.source
  • 1226Waleran III (or Walram), duke of Limburg (born 1165)source
  • 1298Adolf of Nassau, king of Germany (House of Nassau)source
  • 1450Ranuccio Farnese il Vecchio, Italian condottiero (born c. 1390)source
  • 1504Stephen the Great, Prince of Moldova (born 1434)source
  • 1511Şahkulu, leader of the Şahkulu Rebellionsource
  • 1566Nostradamus, French astrologer (born 1503)source
  • 1566Nostradamus, astrologer (born 1503)source
  • 1576Josias Simler, Swiss scholar (born 1530)source
  • 1582Battle of Yamazaki: Counterattacking forces led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi decisively defeat Akechi Mitsuhide's smaller army; Akechi is killed while retreating to his domain.source
  • 1582Akechi Mitsuhide, Japanese samurai and warlord (born 1528)source
  • 1591Vincenzo Galilei, Italian composer (born 1520)source
  • 1621Thomas Harriot, English astronomer and mathematician (born c. 1560)source
  • 1642Hundreds of sailors are killed when the French warship Galion de Guise and the Spanish galley Magdalena become entangled during the Battle of Barcelona. A French fireship attempts to burn the Magdalena and accidentally sets fire to the Galion de Guise, killing 500 of the 540 crew.source
  • 1663Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (born 1599)source
  • 1699Hortense Mancini, favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (born 1646)source
  • 1742Robert Petre, 8th Baron Petre, British peer, renowned horticulturist (born 1713)source
  • 1743Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, British politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born c. 1674)source
  • 1743Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, Prime Minister of Great Britain (born 1674).source
  • 1757Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent ruler of Bengal of undivided India (born 1733)source
  • 1828Martín Calvo Encalada (born 1756)source
  • 1843Samuel Hahnemann, German physician (born 1755)source
  • 1850Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1788)source
  • 1914Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (born 1836)source
  • 1915Porfirio Díaz, 29th president of Mexico (born 1830)source
  • 1915Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (died in France) (born 1830)source
  • 1932King Manuel II of Portugal (born 1889)source
  • 1937Amelia Earhart, American aviator (missing on this date) (born 1897)source
  • 1961Ernest Hemingway, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (suicide) (born 1899)source
  • 1977Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born American writer (born 1899)source
  • 1997James Stewart, 89, American actor (It's a Wonderful Life, Rear Window, Vertigo), Oscar winner (1941), heart attack as a result of pulmonary embolism.source
  • 2004Mfulupinga Nlando Victor, 59, Angola National Assembly member, mathematics teacher, and political party founder.source
  • 2016Patrick Manning, 69, politician, Prime Minister (1991–1995, 2001–2010).source