/year

April 19 in history

220 sourced entries recorded on April 19, from 49 BCE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 49 BCESiege of Massilia: Caesar commences a siege at Massilia against the Pompeian Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. He leaves the newly raised legions XVII, XVIII and XIX to conduct the siege. Decimus Brutus – victor over the Veneti (see 56 BC) – is in charge of the fleet to blockade the harbor.source
  • 44 BCEApril 18–April 21 – Octavian engages in a charm offensive with consular Cicero who is fulminating against Mark Antony.source
  • 65The freedman Milichus betrays the Pisonian conspiracy led by Gaius Calpurnius Piso to kill Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.source
  • 531Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army (20,000 men), commanded by Belisarius, is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria). Emperor Justinian I negotiates an end to the hostilities, and Belisarius is hailed as a hero.source
  • 626Eanflæd, daughter of Edwin of Northumbria, is born at a royal residence by the River Derwent. She is baptised by Paulinus, bishop of York.source
  • 797April 19 or August 19 – Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son Constantine VI. He is captured and blinded; Irene exiles him to Principo, where he dies shortly thereafter of his wounds. Irene begins a 5-year reign, and calls herself basileus ("emperor") of the Byzantine Empire. (Sources and historians conflict on whether this was in April or August.)source
  • 1024Romano de Tusculana, Count of Tusculum and the brother of the late Pope Benedict, arrives in Rome to become the 144th pope of the Roman Catholic Church, and takes the name Pope John XIX.source
  • 1042Emperor Michael V Kalaphates banishes his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoë, for plotting to poison him, to the island of Principo. His announcement as sole emperor leads to a popular revolt.source
  • 1101King Canute IV of Denmark is canonized as a saint under the name San Canuto.source
  • 1264April 17–19 – English rebels under Simon de Montfort beset Rochester from two directions in a pincer movement from north and south. The garrison sortie burns the suburbs to deprive the rebels of cover. Initial assaults on the bridge the next morning are repulsed by Roger de Leybourne. In the evening, however, supported by archers shooting across the river, Simon launches an amphibious assault, wind and current carrying his fireship across to set fire to the bridge defenses. The rebels capture the castle's outer bailey and the garrison retires inside the keep on April 19. Meanwhile, rebels under Gilbert de Clare ("the Red Earl") occupy the cathedral. The siege then boggs down, Simon receives reports of a relief force and orders to withdraw on April 26.source
  • 1319Philip I, Prince of Taranto, in his capacity as King of Albania, gives the title of Philip, Despot of Romania to his second eldest son Prince Philip II. Despite the mention of Romania, the despotate is a part of Albania, and the title gives rights of Philip II to Epirus in Greece.source
  • 1320Gegeen Khan (Prince Shidibala) becomes the new Mongol Emperor Yingzong of the Yuan dynasty of China after the death of his father, Emperor Renzong, on March 1.source
  • 1321At Easter, the Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 breaks out in the Byzantine Empire as Co-Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos flees Constantinople to Adrianople, where he sets up his court and initiates an uprising against his grandfather, the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The 24-year-old Andronikos is joined by Theodore Synadenos and John Kantakouzenos in the rebellion. Syrgiannes Palaiologos leads an expeditionary army towards the capital, forcing the emperor to negotiate.source
  • 1326The Peace of Arques, brokered by King Charles IV of France, ends the Flemish Revolt, but the treaty is not supported by rebel districts in Flanders.source
  • 1389Lithuania, the last state in Europe to be Christianized, is given full recognition by Pope Urban VI as a Roman Catholic state.source
  • 1390Robert III succeeds his father, Robert II, as King of Scotland.source
  • 1428A truce is reached to halt the Wars in Lombardy six months after the Venetian Army destroyed the Milanese town of Maclodio on October 11. The Duchy of Milan cedes the city of Bergamo to the Republic of Venice and the war halts for two years.source
  • 1449Pope Nicholas V is elected by the Council of Basel.source
  • 1451In the Delhi Sultanate, the Afghan Lodi Dynasty succeeds the Turkish Sayyid Dynasty as the Sayyid ruler Ala-ud-Din Alam Shah flees Delhi and Bahlul Khan Lodi takes the throne.source
  • 1458In Bohemia, a group of Silesian princes and city rulers form an alliance against the new King, George of Podebrady. Within a year, the resistance is dropped and the Silesian princes pay homage to King George.source
  • 1466News reaches the Republic of Venice that the Ottoman Sultan is marching toward Italy with an army of 100,000 men.source
  • 1484Muhammad Shah Mir becomes the new Sultan of Kashmir in India, succeeding Hasan Khan.source
  • 1506The Lisbon Massacre begins in Portugal with three days of violence, in which thousands of Jews are tortured and killed by Catholics.source
  • 1510The simultaneous Japanese uprising in Korea is suppressed by the Korean Emperor Jungjong, and all trade between Korea and Japan is halted for the next two years.source
  • 1516England, represented by Ambassador Poynings and Spain's King Carlos I conclude a treaty of alliance.source
  • 1529Diet of Speyer: A group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protest the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms, beginning the Protestant movement.source
  • 1539The Treaty of Frankfurt is signed at Frankfurt-am-Main by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor on behalf of the Empire's Roman Catholic states, and the Lutheran theologian Philip Melanchthon, representative of the Schmalkaldic League of Protestant German states. Effective May 1, the parties agree that no violent actions will be taken by either side against the other during a 15 month truce period.source
  • 1543George Dowdall is nominated as Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland) by King Henry VIII of England following the death of George Cromer; he is consecrated in December.source
  • 1561The Edict of 19 April, confirming the recent recommendation by the Estates General, is promulgated by the regency council for King Charles IX of France in an attempt to prevent a civil war between the Roman Catholic and the Protestant Huguenot citizens of Francesource
  • 1581general pardon offered to participants in the Second Desmond Rebellion (other than the leaders).source
  • 1583Queen Elizabeth dissolves the English Parliament which had been convened in 1572 but last met in 1581.source
  • 1597Prince Nyaungyan Min ignores the orders of King Nanda Bayin of Burma and seizes control of the Kingdom of Ava (now in Upper Myanmar)source
  • 1600The first Dutch ship ever to arrive in Japan, the Liefde ("Love"), anchors in Sashifu, in the Bungo Province (modern-day Usuki in Ōita Prefecture). The sailors present on this ship are William Adams, Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn, Jacob Quaeckernaeck and Melchior van Santvoort.source
  • 1608The Burning of Derry launches O'Doherty's Rebellion in the Kingdom of Ireland.source
  • 1617The town of Uusikaupunki (Nystad, lit. "New Town") was founded by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.source
  • 1633The Treaty of Bärwalde is renewed between France and Sweden at the congress of Heilbronn. On April 23 an alliance is concluded between Sweden and the Upper Rhenish Circle, the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle, the Swabian Circle and the Franconian Circle against Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.source
  • 1648First Battle of Guararapes: The Portuguese army defeats the Dutch army, in the north of Brazil.source
  • 1661the Post Office introduces post marks.source
  • 1662Three of the former members of the English Parliament who had signed the death warrant for Charles I of England in 1649 and then fled into exile in the Netherlands after the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660 — Miles Corbet, John Okey and John Barkstead — are hanged after having been extradited, returned to England, and convicted of regicide. Their bodies are then drawn and quartered.source
  • 1689A fire in Amalienborg-palace in Copenhagen kills 180 people.source
  • 1696Church of Our Saviour on Christianshavn in Copenhagen is inaugurated.source
  • 1700Campbeltown is erected a royal burgh.source
  • 1710Anne, Queen of Great Britain, meets the Four Mohawk Kings.source
  • 1710Queen Anne meets the Four Mohawk Kings in London.source
  • 1713With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, to ensure one of his daughters will inherit the Habsburg lands.source
  • 1715Start of the Sami mission by the College of Missions.source
  • 1719In Louisiana (New France), Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville's brother Serigny arrives on a French man-of-war, bringing news that war had been declared between France and Spain (since December 1718).source
  • 1736A fire in Stony Stratford, England, consumes 53 houses.source
  • 173653 houses in the Northamptonshire town of Stony Stratford are consumed by fire.source
  • 1751The Qianlong Emperor of China visits the southern capital of Nanjing for the first time, bringing with him 3,000 staff and 6,690 horses and stays for four days.source
  • 1764the Currency Act passed which prohibits the American colonies from issuing paper currency of any form.source
  • 1774The premiere of Iphigénie en Aulide by Christoph Willibald Gluck sparks a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since the Querelle des Bouffons.source
  • 1775The American War of Independence begins, at Concord and Lexington, Massachusetts.source
  • 1775American Revolution – Battles of Lexington and Concord: Hostility between Britain and its American colonies explodes into bloodshed, igniting the American Revolutionary War.source
  • 1775the American Revolutionary War begins with the Battles of Lexington and Concord.source
  • 1782John Adams secures recognition of the United States as an independent government by the Dutch Republic. During this visit, he also negotiates a loan of five million guilders, financed by Nicolaas van Staphorst and Wilhelm Willink.source
  • 1785The Commonwealth of Massachusetts cedes all of its claims to territory west of New York State to the United States Confederation Congress. The area will become the southern portions of Michigan and Wisconsin.source
  • 1787British astronomer Sir William Herschel notices three red glowing spots on the dark part of the Moon.source
  • 1794Britain, Prussia and the Netherlands sign a treaty of alliance against France.source
  • 1794April 17–19 – Kościuszko Uprising – Warsaw Uprising: The Polish people overthrow the Russian garrison in Warsaw.source
  • 1794April 17–19 - Warsaw Uprising (1794)source
  • 1803Governor King proclaims toleration for Catholics and allows Fr James Dixon to say mass for Irish convicts.source
  • 1810Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán, Governor of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, is removed by the people of Caracas, and Supreme Junta is installed. Venezuela is the first South American state to proclaim independence from Spain.source
  • 1813The Perseverance, leaves Sydney looking for flax trading possibilities in the south of the South Island. During the trip she is the first ship known to have entered Bluff Harbour.source
  • 1824brigantine Helen of Dundee, bound for Quebec, founders on what becomes known as Helen's Reef off Rockall with fatalities.source
  • 1832Construction of the Stone Store at Kerikeri begins.source
  • 1839The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom, with its independence and neutrality guaranteed by the great powers of Europe. Half of the Limburg province of Belgium is added to the Netherlands, giving rise to a Belgian Limburg and Dutch Limburg (the latter being joined (from September 5) to the German Confederation).source
  • 1839Treaty of London guarantees Belgian independence and neutrality; Luxembourg and Limburg partitioned.source
  • 1839Britain, Prussia, France and the Netherlands agree to the Treaty of London that guaranteed the neutrality of Belgium.source
  • 1850The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty is signed by the United States and Great Britain, allowing both countries to share Nicaragua, and not claim complete control over the proposed Nicaragua Canal.source
  • 1850Clayton–Bulwer Treaty is signed by the United States and Great Britain, allowing both countries to share Nicaragua and not claim complete control over the proposed Nicaragua Canal.source
  • 1858The United States signs a treaty with the Yankton Sioux Tribe.source
  • 1873In Richmond, Rhode Island, 11 people perish in a train derailment, due to a bridge washout in the village of Richmond Switch (modern-day Wood River Junction).source
  • 1880The Prime Minister of Sweden, Louis De Geer, resigns over the defeat of a defense reform bill in the country's Riksdag; he is succeeded by Count Arvid Posse (1880–1883).source
  • 1880Second Anglo-Afghan War: British victory at the Battle of Ahmed Khel.source
  • 1892The 6.4 M La Vacaville–Winters earthquake shakes the North Bay are of California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). This first event in a doublet earthquake results in one death and is followed two days later by a 6.2 M La shock. Total damage from the events is $225,000–250,000.source
  • 1897The first Boston Marathon is held in the United States, with fifteen men competing, and is won by John McDermott.source
  • 1899France adds the Kingdom of Laos, a protectorate since 1893, to the existing colony of French Indochina.source
  • 1901The First Philippine Republic is formally dissolved, after president Emilio Aguinaldo calls all Filipino forces to lay down arms and cease hostilities.source
  • 1902The 7.5 Mw Guatemala earthquake shakes Guatemala with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing between 800 and 2,000.source
  • 1903April 19–21 (April 6–8 O.S.) – The first Kishinev pogrom, beginning on Easter Day, takes place in Kishinev, capital of the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire. At least 47 Jews are killed during mob rioting encouraged by blood libel articles in the press and led by priests.source
  • 1904The Great Fire of Toronto destroys much of the city's downtown, but there are no fatalities.source
  • 1904The Great Toronto Fire destroys much of that city's downtown, but kills no one.source
  • 1908Confédération syndicale belge organization is founded.source
  • 1908The Guildhall in Derry was largely destroyed by fire.source
  • 1909The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (modern-day BP) is incorporated.source
  • 1909Brazil's new battleship, São Paulo, is launched at Barrow-in-Furness, UK, by Regis de Oliveira, the wife of Brazil's minister to Great Britain.source
  • 1911Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero's troops besiege Ciudad Juárez, but General Juan J. Navarro refuses his surrender demand.source
  • 1912The United States Senate initiates an official inquiry into the RMS Titanic disaster, hastily issuing subpoenas for White Star personnel before they can return to the United Kingdom.source
  • 1920April 19–26 – San Remo conference: Representatives of Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Japan meet to determine the League of Nations mandates for administration of territories, following the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1920April 19–26 – San Remo conference held at Castle Devachan in Sanremo, Italy. Representatives of Italy, France, the United Kingdom and Japan meet to determine the League of Nations mandates for administration of territories following partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The conference was attended by the four Principal Allied Powers of World War I who were represented by the prime ministers of Britain (David Lloyd George), France (Alexandre Millerand), Italy (Francesco Nitti) and by Japan's Ambassador Keishirō Matsui.source
  • 1923The Egyptian Constitution of 1923 is adopted, introducing a parliamentary system of democracy in the country.source
  • 1923Hjalmar Branting leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after the Swedish Riksdag has rejected a government proposal regarding unemployment benefits. Right-wing academic and jurist Ernst Trygger succeeds him.source
  • 1925Colo-colo, a well-known football club of Chile, is founded in Macul, suburb of Santiago.source
  • 1928Publication of the original Oxford English Dictionary is completed after 70 years with issue of the last section ("wise – wyze") in Oxford.source
  • 1930Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) foundedsource
  • 1932German art dealer Otto Wacker is sentenced to 19 months in prison for selling fraudulent paintings he attributed to Vincent van Gogh.source
  • 19381938 Kırşehir earthquakesource
  • 1941Bertolt Brecht's anti-war play Mother Courage and Her Children (Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder) receives its first theatrical production, at the Schauspielhaus Zürich.source
  • 1943The Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins when Nazi troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up remaining Jews.source
  • 1943History of lysergic acid diethylamide: Albert Hofmann self-administers the psychedelic drug LSD (which he first synthesized in 1938) for the first time in history and records the details of his experience.source
  • 1945Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel, a musical play based on Ferenc Molnár's Liliom, opens on Broadway, and becomes their second long-running stage classic. It includes the standard "You'll Never Walk Alone".source
  • 1948The American Broadcasting Company (otherwise known as ABC) begins television services, on WFIL-TV in Philadelphia (later WPVI-TV).source
  • 1949In the Araucania Region, an earthquake measuring 7.3 degrees on the Richter scale mainly affected the cities of Angol, Temuco and Los Angeles, leaving 35 dead, 155 injured and 2,065 homeless.source
  • 1950With the Decree 92, a huge number of private houses and lands are confiscated.source
  • 1955April 18–24 – The Asian-African Conference is held in Bandung, Indonesia.source
  • 1955The city of Ofakim is founded.source
  • 1956British diver Lionel (Buster) Crabb (working for MI6) dives into Portsmouth Harbour, to investigate a visiting Soviet cruiser, and vanishes.source
  • 1956The 5.0 Mw 1956 Atarfe-Albolote earthquake strikes southern Spain killing 12 and injuring dozens more.source
  • 1958The Archdiocese of Aparecida is established by Pope Pius XII.source
  • 1959An attempted coup d'état led by the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB) fails to depose President Siles Zuazo and ends in the suicide of the FSB's leader.source
  • 1960April Revolution: South Korean students hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against President Syngman Rhee, eventually leading him to resign from office.source
  • 1961Project Hotfoot (Laos) ends.source
  • 1962the North British Locomotive Company of Springburn goes into liquidation.source
  • 1963Amataro Sweets Teahouse, as predecessor of Colowide Restaurant Group, founded in Zushi, Kanagawa Prefecture.source
  • 1966Moors murders: Ian Brady and Myra Hindley go on trial at Chester Crown Court in north west England for the murders of 3 children who vanished between November 1963 and October 1965.source
  • 1968The first communal riots of Kanara region occurred in Mangalore leaving 28 injured and widespread arson.source
  • 1971The Soviet Union launches Salyut 1.source
  • 1971Charles Manson is sentenced to death in the United States; in 1972, the sentence for all California death-row inmates will be commuted to life imprisonment.source
  • 1975Two days after the fall of Phnom Penh, the new Khmer Rouge regime announced that all former government employees, including soldiers, military officers, and policemen, would be required to register with the new local authorities. Those who complied with the order were told that they would be sent for "reeducation" at a camp in Battambang on April 28.source
  • 1975The first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, goes into Earth's orbit.source
  • 1976A violent F5 tornado strikes around Brownwood, Texas, injuring 11 people. Two people were thrown at least 1,000 yd by the tornado and survived uninjured.source
  • 1978April 18– 30 – The Khmer Rouge massacres 3,157 civilians in Ba Chúc, Vietnam.source
  • 1979The Church in Ytri-Njarðvík was opened.source
  • 1979Andreas Mihavecz unintentionally breaks the record for surviving the longest without any food or liquids, after being mistakenly put into custody in a holding cell in Bregenz, and left there for 18 days.source
  • 1980Norway was represented by Sverre Kjelsberg and Mattis Hætta, with the song '"Sámiid Ædnan", at the 1980 Eurovision Song Contest.source
  • 1983Moshe Levi is appointed as the 12th Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces.source
  • 1984Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.source
  • 1985The Soviet Union performs a nuclear weapon test in eastern Kazakhstan.source
  • 1987The Simpsons cartoon first appears as a series of shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show.source
  • 1987A major power failure, similar to that of August 1986, hits Metro Manila and most of Luzon for several hours at evening, purportedly caused by a transmission line failure.source
  • 1989Central Park jogger case: Trisha Meili is seriously assaulted and raped whilst jogging in New York City's Central Park; the convictions of five teenagers for the crime are vacated in 2002 (the jogger's identity remains secret for years, hence she is referred to as the "Central Park Jogger").source
  • 1989The USS Iowa turret explodes on the U.S. battleship Iowa, killing 47 crew members.source
  • 1990Washington, DC post-hardcore band Fugazi release their debut studio album Repeater on Dischord Records.source
  • 1991George Carey is enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury, the spiritual leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion.source
  • 1993Waco siege: A 51-day stand-off at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, ends with a fire that kills 76 people, including David Koresh.source
  • 1999Two brothers, Justin Read, 19 and Gerald Read, 25 were the first Malaysians to reach the North Pole after encountering challenging weather.source
  • 2000The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan shut down the money market in Kabul, Afghanistan to stop a freefall of the Afghani currency. Valued at 55,075 to the U.S. dollar on March 31, by April 19 it traded at 75,000.source
  • 2000Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan authorities signed agreements with the UAE-based SURIA Satellite Company and the Chinese EIIC Company to revive the communication sector in Afghanistan.source
  • 2000Air Philippines Flight 541, a Boeing 737-200, crashes during approach at Davao City, Philippines, killing 131 people, making it the deadliest air disaster in the Philippines.source
  • 2004Russia launches the Soyuz TMA-4 mission.source
  • 2005The first part of the Obelisk of Axum is returned to Ethiopia after being taken by Mussolini to Rome in 1937.source
  • 2007April 15–22 – Three major marathon races were won by Kenyan men: Rotterdam Marathon was won by Joshua Chelanga, Boston Marathon by Robert Cheruiyot and London Marathon by Martin Lel.source
  • 2008Vinasat-1, the first Vietnamese satellite, was launchedsource
  • 2008The Quito Ultratumba nightclub fire in Quito, Ecuador, kills 19 people and injures at least 24 more.source
  • 2013The Brussels Agreement (2013) is signed between representatives of Kosovo and Serbia, ending the two year long North Kosovo crisis. The 15-point document granted devolved powers to North Kosovo regarding economic development, education, healthcare and urban planning, and several mechanisms that allowed a certain autonomy in justice, policing and electoral matters.source
  • 2016Authorities burn 2,000 seized elephant tusks as part of operations to combat the illicit ivory trade.source
  • 2017Moldova is granted observer Status in the Eurasian Economic Union in April 2017.source
  • 2021Access Bank Group agrees to purchase a majority stake in African Banking Corporation of Botswana.source
  • 2021NASA's Ingenuity helicopter, part of the Mars 2020 mission, performs the first powered flight on another planet in history.source
  • 2022The East Timorese people vote in the second round of the presidential election between José Ramos-Horta and incumbent Francisco Guterres.source

Births

  • 626Eanflæd, queen of Northumbriasource
  • 1452King Frederick of Naples (died 1504)source
  • 1483Paolo Giovio, Italian bishop (died 1552)source
  • 1626Christina, Queen of Sweden, monarch (died 1689)source
  • 1655George St Lo, Royal Navy officer and administrator (died 1718)source
  • 1658Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, German noble (died 1716)source
  • 1665Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer (died 1721)source
  • 1686Vasily Tatishchev, Russian statesman, ethnographer (died 1750)source
  • 1687Charles-Philippe de Patin, prominent figure in the Austrian Netherlands (died 1773)source
  • 1721Roger Sherman, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (died 1793)source
  • 1793Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (died 1875)source
  • 1819Hermógenes Irisarri (died 1886)source
  • 1854Emma Pieczynska-Reichenbach, abolitionist and feminist (died 1927)source
  • 1867Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane, first woman in Argentina to obtain a medical degree and "the mother of women's rights in Argentina" (died 1954)source
  • 1870J. Howard Crocker, Canadian educator and sports executive (died 1959)source
  • 1882Getúlio Vargas, 14th and 17th president of Brazil (died 1954)source
  • 1882Getúlio Vargas, 14th and 17th President of Brazilsource
  • 1933Jayne Mansfield, American actress (died 1967)source
  • 1937Joseph Estrada, Filipino actor and politician, 13th President of the Philippinessource
  • 1939Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (died 2026)source
  • 1960Gustavo Petro, President of Colombia, 2022–2026source
  • 1987Maria Sharapova, Russian tennis playersource

Deaths

  • 190Marcus Aurelius Cleander, Roman praetorian prefectsource
  • 843Judith of Bavaria, Frankish empresssource
  • 1012Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterburysource
  • 1012Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury in England, is murdered by his Danish captors at Greenwich (after refusing to pay a ransom of 3,000 pounds for his release).source
  • 1013Hisham II, caliph of Córdoba (Spain) (born 966)source
  • 1044Gothelo I (or Gozelo), duke of Lorrainesource
  • 1054Pope Leo IX, German pontiff of the Catholic Church (born 1002)source
  • 1057Edward the Exile, son of Edmund II (Ironside)source
  • 1289Conrad of Ascoli, Italian monk and missionary (born 1234)source
  • 1390King Robert II of Scotland (born 1316)source
  • 1405Thomas West, 1st Baron West (born 1335)source
  • 1431Adolph III, Count of Waldeck (born 1362)source
  • 1527Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (born 1477)source
  • 1539Katarzyna Weiglowa, Jewish martyr (born 1460)source
  • 1552Olaus Petri, Swedish clergyman (born 1493)source
  • 1552Olaus Petri, Protestant clergyman (born 1493)source
  • 1560Philip Melanchthon, German humanist and reformer (born 1497)source
  • 1567Michael Stifel, German mathematician (born 1487)source
  • 1578Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (born 1530)source
  • 1588Paolo Veronese, Italian painter (born c. 1528)source
  • 1604Kuroda Yoshitaka, Japanese daimyō (born 1546)source
  • 1608Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, English statesman and poet (born 1536)source
  • 1630Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel, English countess and poet (born 1557)source
  • 1652Jesper Brochmand, theologian and Bishop of Zealand (born 1585)source
  • 1658Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, English colonial administrator and admiral (born 1587)source
  • 1689Christina, Queen of Sweden, ruled from 1632 until abdication in 1654 (born 1626)source
  • 1739Nicholas Saunderson, English scientist and mathematician (born 1682)source
  • 1751Peter Lacy, Irish-born Russian field marshal (born 1678)source
  • 1763Teedyuscung, known as the "King of the Delaware Indians" (the Lenape tribe) is assassinated by arsonists who burn down his home in Pennsylvania while he is sleeping, in an apparent retaliation for signing the Treaty of Easton to relinquish Lenape claims to the Province of New Jersey.source
  • 1768Canaletto, Italian artist (born 1697)source
  • 1770Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow, nobleman and officer (born 1684)source
  • 1776Jacob Emden, leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism (born 1697)source
  • 1791Richard Price, Welsh philosopher (born 1723)source
  • 1813Benjamin Rush, Founding Father of the United States (born 1746)source
  • 1824George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, English poet (born 1788)source
  • 1824Lord Byron (George Gordon Byron), the British poet, dies at the age of 36 in the Greek city of Missolonghi, where he had taken ill while making plans to liberate the Greeks from Ottoman rule, "not in combat, but of a fever caught in the unhealthy conditions at Missolonghi... exacerbated, it is generally agreed, by the over-zealous actions of his doctors, who bled him excessively."source
  • 1832Melchor José Ramos (born 1805)source
  • 1862Louis P. Harvey, Governor of Wisconsin (born 1820)source
  • 1881Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1804)source
  • 1882Charles Darwin, British naturalist (born 1809)source
  • 1906Pierre Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate, in road accident (born 1859)source
  • 1914Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher (born 1839)source
  • 1936Twenty Jews are killed in riots following the funeral of two Jews murdered on 15 April in Jaffa and calls for a general strike begin in Nablus, marking the beginning of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against British rule and mass Jewish immigration.source
  • 1967Konrad Adenauer, German statesman, first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (born 1876)source
  • 1974Ayub Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 2nd President of Pakistan (born 1907)source
  • 1995Oklahoma City bombing: 168 people, including eight federal Marshals and 19 children, are killed at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building and 680 are wounded by a bomb set off by Timothy McVeigh.source
  • 2023At least 90 people are killed and another 322 injured in a crowd crush during a Ramadan charity event in Sanaa, Yemen.source